中考英语《短文填空技巧解析》课件知识讲解.ppt

《中考英语《短文填空技巧解析》课件知识讲解.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《中考英语《短文填空技巧解析》课件知识讲解.ppt（33页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、第一页，共33页。填空填空(tinkng)(tinkng)解题技巧解题技巧第二页，共33页。一、一、填空填空(tinkng)的特点是什么的特点是什么？完形填空是一种旨在考查学生语法(yf)和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题，难易程度与初中教材相当，词数在180-250左右。文中平均每隔25个词左右设空。学生通过推理判断，综合分析等将答案填入空白处，使短文前后连贯、意思通顺、结构完整合理。第三页，共33页。1.跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。2.复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。A.)利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确利用上下文的语境，结合

2、所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义定空格处所需词语的意义.B.)再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的成分，从而确定所填词(tin c)的词性，再依据词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。3.通读短文，检查答案。通读短文，检查答案。英语英语(yn y)短文填空解题技短文填空解题技巧：巧：第四页，共33页。二、填空的设空规律二、填空的设空规律(gul)有哪些？有哪些？（一）从文章（一）从文章(wnzhng)(wnzhng)结构看结构看1.首句通常不设空，以便

3、考生对短文前提(qint)2.和背景有个较清楚的了解，从而使考生尽快熟悉语境、3.推测文章大意。4.2.短文设空平均密度为25个单词一个空。中考完形填空抛弃了传统的“语法知识型”命题模式，转变成“情境能力型”的命题趋势。它的一个显著特点就是突出语篇，即重在文意的干扰，把具体的语言知识具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境语言情境中去，考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。第五页，共33页。二、填空的设空规律二、填空的设空规律(gul)有哪些？有哪些？（二）从语言层次看（二）从语言层次看考点设计对把握考点设计对把握(bw)语段的要求在提高。我们可以语段的要求在提高。我们可以把考点分为三个层次，即

4、句子层次、句群层次和语篇层次把考点分为三个层次，即句子层次、句群层次和语篇层次1.句子句子(jzi)层次的设空层次的设空例：例：(2007年中考英语试卷 完形填空四选一 保留原题号)I 90 you were very busy then helping your friend get ready for her wedding I am sure it was a success.A.remember B.explainC.hope D.expect答案：答案：A指那些只需读懂设空所在句便可选出答案的题目。第六页，共33页。二、填空二、填空(tinkng)的设空规律有哪些？的设空规律有哪些？

5、2.句群层次句群层次(cngc)的设空的设空前制性设空前制性设空后制性设空后制性设空指根据上下文的内容，经过推理(tul)判断可以得到答案的题目即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案的题目。指那些需要根据下文内容才能选出正确答案 的题目/下文某处有提示。第七页，共33页。二、填空的设空规律二、填空的设空规律(gul)有哪些？有哪些？前制性设空前制性设空例：例：It was an English speech contest.My mother asked me to take part in it.What a terrible idea!It meant I had to _ in front of

6、 all the teachers and students of my school!后制性设空后制性设空例：例：1).Nobody _ him in the village.One day he said to them,“I know you dont like me”2).Country music comes from _ kinds of music.One is the traditional music of tall mountain people in the eastern United States.The other is traditional cowboy mus

7、ic from the American West.speaklikedtwo第八页，共33页。二、填空二、填空(tinkng)的设空规律有哪些？的设空规律有哪些？3.语篇性设空语篇性设空IworkasavolunteerforanorganizationthathelpsthepoorinHaiti.RecentlyItookmysonBarrettthereforaweek,hopingto1himachievedallIdexpected.Soonhewillcelebratehis18thbirthday.Hewillbeaman.(最后最后(zuhu)一句话一句话)()1.A.com

8、fortB.pleaseC.attractD.educateD指那些需要联系(linx)全文的情境、内容才能确定正确答案的设空。第九页，共33页。考查方向考查方向:正确理解和书写英语单词正确理解和书写英语单词命题形式命题形式:短文中短文中10个空需要填上适个空需要填上适当的单词当的单词.(wu首字母或中文提示首字母或中文提示)所占比例所占比例:10空空 15 分分特别提醒：特别提醒：所有的单词都必须根据所有的单词都必须根据(gnj)上下文来确定。必须注意词形上下文来确定。必须注意词形的变化，包括名词的单复数、动词的时的变化，包括名词的单复数、动词的时态、形容词和副词的比较级（最高级）态、形容词

9、和副词的比较级（最高级）等。等。中考英语新题型中考英语新题型短文短文(dun wn)填填空空第十页，共33页。词形(c xn)的变换冠词：冠词：a/an/thea/an/the基数词基数词,序数词：序数词：1,2,31,2,3（基）（基）;第第X(X(序序)名词名词(mng c)(mng c)：单复数形式：单复数形式,所有格的所有格的用法用法动词：时态动词：时态 语态（主被动）的变化语态（主被动）的变化形容词、副词：比较等级的用法形容词、副词：比较等级的用法代词：单复数代词：单复数 人称代词人称代词 反身代词反身代词 指示指示代代 词词 关系代词关系代词 不定代词不定代词 等的用法等的用法连词

10、：并列与从属连词的用法连词：并列与从属连词的用法 第十一页，共33页。词形(c xn)的变换名词：单复数形式名词：单复数形式(xngsh),(xngsh),所有格的所有格的用法用法GZ is one of the most beautiful GZ is one of the most beautiful _.(_.(城市城市)I met a friend of _I met a friend of _（她的）（她的）.All the _(All the _(绵羊绵羊)like)like toto eat grass.eat grass.citiesherssheep第十二页，共33页。词形(

11、c xn)的变换动词：时态动词：时态(sh ti)(sh ti)语态（主被动）语态（主被动）的变化的变化Everyone in our class _(Everyone in our class _(喜欢喜欢)watching cartoons.watching cartoons.Ill spend as much time as I can Ill spend as much time as I can _(_(读读)these stories.)these stories.Yesterday we Yesterday we _(prevent)from _(prevent)from get

12、ting getting toto school by the heavy rain.school by the heavy rain.likesreadingwereprevented语态语态主动主动(zhdng)：v/be/情态动词情态动词被动：被动：be+p.p.第十三页，共33页。词形(c xn)的变换形容词形容词 副词：比较副词：比较(bjio)(bjio)等等级的用法级的用法He can _(He can _(容易容易)swim across)swim across the river.the river.Because of this,your name is Because o

13、f this,your name is _loved by your parents than _loved by your parents than you.you.easilymore第十四页，共33页。词形(c xn)的变换代词：单复数代词：单复数 人称代词人称代词 反身代词反身代词(fn(fn shn di c)shn di c)指示代指示代 词词 关系代词关系代词 不定代词不定代词 等的用等的用法法You can throw _,kick it or hit You can throw _,kick it or hit it.it.Taking too many selfies(Ta

14、king too many selfies(自拍自拍)seems)seems toto encourage(encourage(鼓励鼓励)people)people toto only only think of _.think of _.They are very good friends and they They are very good friends and they almost do _ together.almost do _ together.itthemselveseverything第十五页，共33页。自己自己(zj)第十六页，共33页。指示代指示代 词词it it 它

15、它/这这/不译不译this(this(这个这个),these(),these(这些这些)指在时间或空间指在时间或空间上上较近的人或者事物较近的人或者事物(shw)(shw)that(that(那个那个),those(),those(那些那些)指在时间或空间指在时间或空间上较远的人或者事物上较远的人或者事物(shw)(shw)第十七页，共33页。第十八页，共33页。不定不定(bdng)(bdng)代代 词词第十九页，共33页。连词连词(linc)(linc)第二十页，共33页。第二十一页，共33页。1 September 10th is T_Day.2.The f _ day of the we

16、ek is Sunday.3.A good b _ makes a good ending.4.When you laugh,you will o_ your mouth and your teeth.irstpeneginning5.Last Sunday，we played h_ in the park,though we were very tired.eachersappily6.He was very a with the man upstairs and began to shout，“Stop singing！”ngry第二十二页，共33页。10.In autumn after

17、a strong wind,the ground is often covered with fallen l_eaves7.This book belongs to Mary.It is h_.9.For years,we played other peoples songs,b_ now we play mostly our own songs.ersut8.Mrs Green said to the twins,“Help y_ to some fish please.”ourselves第二十三页，共33页。1.September 10th is Teachers Day.2.In a

18、utumn after a strong wind,the ground is often covered with fallen leaves.首先考虑首先考虑(kol)名词的单、复数，然后注意名词所有格。名词的单、复数，然后注意名词所有格。3.We could not run faster than cheetahs,so we _(发明发明(fmng)cars and now we can move the fastest考虑动词考虑动词(dngc)的时态。语态变化。的时态。语态变化。4.When you laugh,you will o_ your mouth and your tee

19、th.inventedpenappily6.Summer is the hottest season of the year.注意形容词、副词的比较等级的变化。注意形容词、副词的比较等级的变化。5.Last Sunday，we played h_ in the park,though we were very tired.第二十四页，共33页。8.Mrs Green said to the twins.“Help yourselves to some fish please.”此处考代词此处考代词(dic)用法。用法。7.Help yourself to some fish，Jim.9.Thi

20、s book belongs to Mary.It is hers.10.For years,we played other peoples songs,but now we play mostly our own songs.11.She didnt go to school yesterday，because she was ill.此处考连词此处考连词(linc)第二十五页，共33页。Through some efforts,rescuers cleaned up the ruins _（仔细(zx)）which covered the mum.Under her body _(躺)he

21、r baby.The baby was in a small red quilt with yellow flowers.He was about 3 or 4 mold.B the baby was well(保护)by his mothers body,he was very safe.He was sleeping well when the rescuer carried him out,and his lovely and pface warmed everyone around him.The rescuer found there was a mobile p_ in the q

22、uilt.When he looked at the screen,a message was already there.“My dear baby,if you could l,dont forget how mI love you.”Everyone w_ saw this message burst into tears.rescuers(救援救援(jiyun)人员人员)ruins 废墟废墟 carefullylayonths protected ecauseeaceful iveuch hohoneFill in each blank with the right form第二十六页

23、，共33页。Through some efforts,rescuers cleaned up the ruins _（仔细(zx)）which covered the mum.Under her body _(躺)her baby.The baby was in a small red quilt with yellow flowers.He was about 3 or 4 mold.B the baby was well(保护)by his mothers body,he was very safe.He was sleeping well when the rescuer carried

24、 him out,and his lovely and pface warmed everyone around him.The rescuer found there was a mobile p_ in the quilt.When he looked at the screen,a message was already there.“My dear baby,if you could l,dont forget how mI love you.”Everyone w_ saw this message burst into tears.carefullylayonths protect

25、ed ecauseeaceful iveuch hohone根据根据(gnj)上下语境上下语境,判断判断词义词义:He was sleeping well确定词义后确定词义后,判断判断(pndun)词形词形cleaned uprescuers(救援人员救援人员)ruins 废墟废墟 第二十七页，共33页。The idea of Fathers Day came from an A_lady called Dodd in 1909.She wanted a _（特别（特别(tbi)的）的）day to honour her father.He (抚养抚养)six children by h af

26、ter his wife died during the birth of their s_ child.Dodd thought there needed to be a day to honour great and loving dads.Her father was born on June 19.so she chose to hold the first Fathers Day celebration on his b in 1910.In 1924,US president liked the idea of a national Fathers Day.Finally,in 1

27、966,the third Sunday in June was n _Fathers Day.There are many w to show your love and thanks.mericanixthsixUS presidentraisedimselfirthdayspecialamedaysStep1 Thepassageisabout.Step2ThemeaningofeachblankStep3Therightformofeachword Step4ReadthepassageagaintochecktheanswersHonour 纪念纪念(jnin)第二十八页，共33页。

28、Dear friends,Im sorry to hear that an earthquake happened to your hometown.The earthquake _(毁坏毁坏(huhui)your hometown.Lots of h_fell down and some of you cant see your families any longer.Please dont feel s_.You should believe in the Party,the government and the people in the country.You should be fu

29、ll of wishes b_ the Party,the government and the people are with you all the time and they take care of you.They try their b_ to solve your troubles.They give away their money and many t_to you and they _(捐献捐献)blood for you.So you should take care of y_.In the future,you should do something u_for ou

30、r country to _(回报回报)for their loves.Yours,XXX destroyedouses adecauseestourselvesanswerdonatesefulhings第二十九页，共33页。All around the world,people drink tea.But tea does not _(All around the world,people drink tea.But tea does not _(意意味着味着)(1)the same thing)(1)the same thing toto e_(2).In different count

31、ries e_(2).In different countries people have very different i_(3)about drinking tea.people have very different i_(3)about drinking tea.In China people always have tea _(In China people always have tea _(一起一起(yq(yq)）(4)with(4)with their friends.They may drink tea at any time of the day.They only the

32、ir friends.They may drink tea at any time of the day.They only put tea leaves in their cups.They l_(5)the tea with nothing put tea leaves in their cups.They l_(5)the tea with nothing _（其他的）（其他的）(6)in it.(6)in it.Tea is also i_(7)in Japan.It is very p_(8)there.Tea is also i_(7)in Japan.It is very p_(

33、8)there.People drink tea every day.But they have it in a way different from People drink tea every day.But they have it in a way different from that in China.that in China.In the USA people drink tea at breakfast or after m_(9).In the USA people drink tea at breakfast or after m_(9).They usually use

34、 tea bags They usually use tea bags toto make their tea.Making tea with bags make their tea.Making tea with bags is faster and e_(10)than making it with tea leaves in is faster and e_(10)than making it with tea leaves in teapots.teapots.meanveryonedeastogetherikeelsemportantealsopularasier第三十页，共33页。

35、2.26-meter-tall Yao Ming made his NBA debut(初次登台初次登台(dng ti)on October 23,2002 and got 6 points for the Houston Rockets in the game.The next day,he got 13 points in a_ game.Most people think that Yao Ming is a born basketball player.But Yao said,“When you watch it on TV,it looks very easy.But when y

36、ou are playing in the NBA,it is r_ not so easy.”He said that joining the Houston Rockets was a new _（开端）（开端）and a new challenge.“I hope that through very h_ work I can make everyone happy and help the Rockets w_ more games,”he said.Yao Ming speaks some English.B_ he and his teammates can u_ each oth

37、er.They dont think there is a language problem.While Yao Ming faces this new challenge,the people of Houston have shown great i_ in him，and they hope Yan Ming will bring new _(活力活力)to the Rockets.The team has started having lessons to learn more about China,and many people who work for the Rockets h

38、ave learned to speak some C_.nother eally startard in oth nderstand nterest energyhinese 第三十一页，共33页。第三十二页，共33页。We sometimes call the lion“the king of the jungle”because it is stronger and more dangerous than other animals.It can r_faster than many animals and it can hunt the best.It is the highest a

39、nimal in the l_food chain.In the sea,the shark is one of the animals at the top of the food chain.It can s_ faster than most other sea animals,and it can use its big _(牙齿牙齿(ych)to eat them.What is at the top of the worlds food chain?People are!We are not the biggest or fastest,but we are the c_.We c

40、ould not run faster than cheetahs,so we invented cars and now we can move the fastest.We could not c_better than lions,so we invented guns.Now we can hunt the best.Peoples inventions are clever,but they can be _(危险的危险的),too.For example,people invented factories,and now they make the air and r_ dirty

41、.This can make many changes.Dirty rivers kill fish.Then bears cannot eat the fish and the bears die.If we kill one part of the food chain,the other parts also die.Remember that we are a part of the food chain,s_ we are in danger too!If we protect animals,we are protecting _(自己自己)!We should and we could do something for the world!unandteethleverestatchdangerousiversourselveswim第三十三页，共33页。