国际收支决定理论与国际收支调节政策.ppt
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1、第三讲国际收支决定理论与国际收支调节政策1国际收支调节的弹性分析法o30年代英国经济学家琼罗宾逊提出,适用于30年代大萧条时,供给过剩,需求不足的世界经济环境o弹性的基本概念o马歇尔勒纳条件oJ效应2弹性分析的基本概念o进口商品的需求弹性Em=进口商品需求量的变动率/进口商品价格变动率o出口商品的需求弹性Ex=出口商品需求量的变动率/出口商品价格的变动率o进口商品的供给弹性Sm=进口商品供给量的变动率/进口商品价格的 变动率o出口商品的供给弹性Sx=出口商品供给量的变动率/出口商品价格的变动率3马歇尔勒纳条件MarshallLerner conditionoThe condition stat
2、es that,for a currency devaluation to have a positive impact on trade balance,the sum of price elasticity of exports and imports(in absolute value)must be greater than 1.The principle is named after economists Alfred Marshall and Abba Lerner.4Mathematical derivation5Mathematical derivation6J曲线 The J
3、 curve 7J曲线 The J curveoThe J curve shows the effect of a devaluation of a currency on the net export(exports minus imports).When the devaluation takes place at t the net export falls from A to B,since the level of import is unchanged,but the currency is worth less.As time goes on the net export wil
4、l gradually change since consumers buy less imported goods,and other countries buy more goods from the country due to the lower real price.At C the net export break even.With time the net export will find equilibrium.8国际收支调节的支出分析法absorption approach to the balance of paymentso西德尼亚力山大1952年提出,着重考察总收入与
5、总支出对国际收支的影响o基本理论o政策主张9The absorption approach to BOP and exchange rate determination Concepts and exemplificationConcepts and exemplification10What is absorption?What is absorption?A nations total expenditures on final goods and services11The absorption approach:ConceptThe absorption approach:Concep
6、tBOP is determined by real national income and its absorptionIn other words,BOP is determined by how much is produced and how much is consumed 12DefinitionsDefinitionsAbsorption(a):a=c+inv+g+impReal income(y):y=c+inv+g+exp13CorollaryCorollaryy-a=exp-imp=current accountThe current account is determin
7、ed by the difference between incomeincome(how much is produced)and absorptionabsorption(how much is consumed internally)14ImportantImportantWhen internal consumption surpasses national income a current account deficit will resultWhen internal consumption is lower than national income a current accou
8、nt surplus will result15The impact of economic expansions and The impact of economic expansions and contractionscontractionsDuring economic expansions both income and absorption will increase.The change in the current account depends on which The change in the current account depends on which one wi
9、ll rise fasterone will rise faster.During economic contractions both income and absorption will decrease.The change in the current account depends on which The change in the current account depends on which one will fall faster.one will fall faster.16Policy implicationsPolicy implicationsGovernments
10、 have incentives to fiddle with absorption by:ochanging the volume of the government expendituresolimiting the absorption of the economy through taxesAttention:oFiddling with government expenditures will affect private consumption and vice-versa.oTaxing people to death will also impact national inco
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