【通用版】中考英语总复习:情态动词ppt-专项超详细讲解教学提纲.ppt
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1、【通用版】中考英语总复【通用版】中考英语总复习:情态动词习:情态动词ppt-ppt-专项超专项超详细讲解详细讲解情态动词情态动词具有一定得词义,没有人称和数的变化,不能单独构成谓语,和谓语动词连用表示委婉语气或表示愿望、态度或推测等意义。一、情态动词的类型和特征一、情态动词的类型和特征1.情态动词的类型1)只作情态动词的有:must;can(could);may(might)2)只作情态动词也可作实义动词的有:need,dare3)可作情态动词也可作助动词的有:will(would);shall(should)4)具有情态动词的某些特征的有:haveto;oughtto;hadbetter2.
2、情态动词的特征(1).有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和行为动词或系动词连用,构成谓语。(2)表示说话人的态度或语气,无人称和数的变化(haveto例外,其第三人称单数形式为hasto)Hehastowalkhome.情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形。二、情态动词的用法二、情态动词的用法1.Can的 用法 常用来表示能力,意为“能,会”。eg:She can swim fast,but I cant.表示请求或许可,意为“可以”。eg:Can you go shopping with us?表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句或者疑问句中,此时cant 意为不可能。eg:Can the new
3、s be true?That cant be our teacher.He is on a visit to the Great Wall.-IthinkMissGaomustbeinthelibrary.Shesaidshewouldgothere.-No.She_bethere.Ihavejustbeenthere.A.cantB.mustntC.needntD.wouldnt4)cant可用来作MayI.?的否定回答-MayIgosurfingalonethisafternoon?-No,youcant.Itsdangerous.5)can和beableto两者都是表示“能力”是用法相同
4、,但can只有原形和过去式could两种形式,其他时态要用beableto来表示。另外,beableto常常有“成功做了某事”的意味JimcantspeakEnglish.Wewereabletoreachthetopofthemaintainatnoon.2.Could 的用法 can的过去式,意为“能,会”,表示过去的能力。eg:He could write poems when he was 10.could 在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思。eg:Could you please speak a little louder?Could I use your p
5、en?Yes,you can/No,you cant.-CouldIcrossthestreethere?-Ofcourseyou_.A.couldB.canC.areabletoD.will3.may的用法may表示请求、许可,意为“可以”,比can要正式。eg:MayIaskyouaquestion?Youmaygohomenow.表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“可能、也许”,一般用于肯定句。eg:Itmayraintomorrow.Shemaybeathome.may的过去式为might,表示推测,可能性低于may。eg:Heisawayfromhome.Hemightbesick.(4)m
6、ay表示祝福Mayyoubehappy!(5)can和may1)Can和may均可用来征求意见或许可,意为“可以”,一般可互换使用Can/MayIhelpyou?2)may和can表示可能性时的区别:在肯定句中用may,might,不用can;在疑问句中表示推测用can;在否定句句中用cant(不可能)Shemaybeintheclassroom.Wherecantheybenow?Thatcantbetrue.(6)maybe和maybe用法区别常用位置maybemay为情态动词,be动词原形句中,做谓语maybe副词,大概、也许,相当于perhaps句首,作状语Hemaybewrong,b
7、utImnotsure.-Haveyoudecidedwhichseniorhighschooltochoose?-Notyet.I_gotoMoonlightSchool.A.mustB.mayC.needD.should-Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow?-It_berainy,cloudyorsunny.Whoknows?A.mustB.mightC.shallD.should情态动词练习 1讲解1.-_Ihavealookatyournewwatch?-Yes,please.MayB.NeedC.DareD.Must2.Tomisyoungbuthe_f
8、lyakitebyhimself.mayB.canC.needD.must3.Theworkistoohardforhim.He_finishitontime.cantB.mustntC.shouldntD.neednt4.Thebookstorewasopen,soI_buythebook.canB.cantC.didcanD.wasableto5.LastyearI_drive.Iusedtakethebus.couldB.couldntC.shouldD.shouldnt6.-Couldwesmokehere?-Imafraidyou_.couldntB.cantC.areabletoD
9、.will7.-IhearyouvegotanewiPhone4S._Ihavealook?-Yes,certainly.MayB.DoC.ShallD.Should8.-WheresLucy?-Imnotsure.She_intheschoollibrary.maybeB.mustbeC.maybeD.willbe9.-WhereisTom?-_heisathome.Hedidntfeelwellyesterday.MaybeB.MaybeC.May10.-_Iswimhere?-Imsorry.Children_swimalonehereMust;cantB.May;mustCan;mus
10、tntD.Cant;can4.Must的用法must表示“一定要,必须”。否定形式是mustnt,表示“禁止,不许可”。eg:YoumuststayhereuntilIcameback.Youmustntparkyourcarinfrontoftheentrance.对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为neednt或者donthaveto。eg:-MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?-No,youneednt.must常常指有根据的,比较有把握的推测,意为“一定是,准是”,这种用法只能用于肯定句当中。eg:Thelightison.Hemustbeathomen
11、ow.当must表示肯定判断、推测的时候,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。eg:Shemusthavefinishwriting,hasntshe?must和havetomust侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要,意为“必须,应该”。eg:IknowImuststudyhard.haveto侧重于客观上的必要,意为“不得不”。它有一般现在时第三人称单数形式hasto和过去形式hadto。eg:Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctoratmidnight.haveto的否定形式是donthaveto,相当于neednt,意为“不必”;mustnt表示“
12、禁止,不允许”.(5)cant和mustnt表否定推测时应用cant,mustnt意为“禁止,不允许”,不用来表推测,在肯定句中用must表推测,意为“一定”-Mom,mustIcleanmyroomnow?-No,you_.Youcandoittomorrow.A.cantB.needntC.mustntD.shouldnt5.need的用法need表示“需要,必须”,主要用于否定句和疑问句当中,否定形式为neednt,意为“没有必要,不必”。用need提问时,肯定回答是must,否定回答为neednt.eg:-NeedIstayhereanylonger?need可作实义动词,此时还有人称
13、,数和时态的变化,后面多接动词不定时。eg:Ineedtodoitrightnow.Heneedstolearnmoreaboutthegirl.注意:对need的词性判断常为难点,need后加todo说明need为实义动词,用助动词提问或否定;need后加doing表示被动意义;若need后加do的动词原形,则need为情态动词Youneedntseehim,butImust.Youdontneedtocomeifyoufeelsick.(6).dare表示“敢于”,用作情态动词时,无人称变化,只用于否定句、疑问句和条件句Marydarenottouchthesnake.用于实义动词时,要注
14、意人称和时态的变化,后面跟不定式Ihaveneverdaredtotellhimaboutit.注意:dare作实义动词时,其疑问句或否定句后面的不定式符号常省略。Hedidntdare(to)disobey.You_swiminthispartofthelake.Itsdangerous.A.mustntB.needntC.wontD.maynotIenjoythepartyverymuch,butI_gohome.Itstoolate.A.havetoB.mayC.mustntD.shouldt6.shall,should,will,would的用法shall常用于疑问句当中,表示征求对方
15、的意见(多用于第一、三人称),用在第一人称或第三人称的疑问句中eg:shallwegooutforawalk?Shallhecomeatonce?一般回答:Yes,please./Allright./No,thankyou.Shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。eg:Youshallfailifyoudontworkharder.(警告)HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.(允诺)Heshallbepunished.(威胁)should意为“应该”。可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。eg:Weshouldprotectthee
16、nvironment.will表示主语的决心或意愿;也可表请求或询问,用于第二人称。eg:Iwillneverdothatagain.IwillhelpyouifImfreethisafternoon.Willyoupassmethebook?will表示习惯、请求,固有性质等。eg:Everydayhewillsitherehourafterhourdoingnothing.(习惯)WillyouhelpmewithmyEnglish?(请求)7.hadbetter的用法hadbetter意味“最好”,没有人称的变化,后接不带to的不定式,其否定形式为hadbetternot.eg:Weha
17、dbettergonow.Youhadbetternotgivethebooktohim.-Howwastheyouthclublastnight,Mark?-Itwasgreatfun.You_havecome.A.MustB.canC.shouldD.mayYoulooktirednow.You_stayathomeandhavearest.A.hadtoB.hadbetterC.wouldliketoD.wouldratherPS:在英语中,我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见。(1).用“Letsdo.”来提出建议。e.g.Letsgoforawalkaftersuppe
18、r.(2).用“What/Howabout.?”来提出建议;about后接名词或动词ing形式。e.g.Whatabout/Howaboutadrink?Whatabout/HowabouttakingTomwithus?(3).用“Whynot.?”来提出建议,表示“何不”not面后接动词原形。“Whynot.?”实际上是“Whydontyou/we.?”的简略形式。e.g.Whynotmeetattheschoolgateateight?Whydontwestayhereanotherday?(4).用“Wouldyoulike.?”来提出建议,意思是“你想要吗?”Wouldyoulike
19、后可接名词或不定式。如:Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?Yes,please.No,thankyou.Wouldyouliketogoandseeher?Yes,Idliketo.No,thankyou“去游泳好吗?”Shallwegoforaswim?Letsgoforaswim,shallwe?Whatabout/Howaboutgoingswimming?Whynotgoforaswim?Wouldyouliketogoforaswim?willwill在therebe句型中的形式及其句式变换。将有由于“一般将来时”的结构可以用“will+动词原形”来表示,所以therebe
20、句型的一般将来时的形式就是therewillbe。(一定不能说therewillhave)Therearemanystudentsinourschool.Therewillbemanystudentsinourschool.含有情态动词的疑问句的回答1.对may引出的问句,可以有下列回答方式:Yes,youmay.Yes,ofcourse.Yes,certainly.Sure.No,youmustnt.No,youcant.2.对must引出的疑问句,回答方式为:Yes,must.No,neednt/donthaveto.3.could在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思
21、。e.g.CouldIuseyourpen?-Yes,youcan./No,youcant.4.shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称或第三人称中,表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种:Yes,please.Allright.No,thankyou.5.wouldyou的回答方式有以下几种:Yes,Iwill.(No,Iwont.)Sure.(Imsorry,Icant.)Allright/OK/Withpleasure.Certainly.(No,thankyou.)Yes,please.Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme?Yes,Idliketo./No
22、,thanks(thankyou).Wouldyoulikesomewater?Yes,please./No,thanks(thankyou)WouldyoudomeafavourandpassonmythankstoLily?_.A.ThatsrightB.WithpleasureC.ItdoesntmatterD.NotroubleHi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye一致主谓主谓一致三原则Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye一、语法一致原则二、意义一致原则
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