名词专项复习课件(中考英语)上课讲义.ppt
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1、 名名 词词 一、考查一、考查(koch)重点重点1.可数名词可数名词(mng c)与不可数名词与不可数名词(mng c)2.2.名词名词(mng c)的作用的作用3.3.名词名词(mng c)的所有格的所有格4.4.名词名词(mng c)词义辨析词义辨析第一页,共49页。名词名词(mng c)专有名词专有名词(mng c)(如:(如:Tom,China,the United States,January,Monday)可数可数普通(ptng)名词物质物质(wzh)名词名词(如如water,ice,wood)抽象名词抽象名词(如如:happiness幸福幸福)个体名词个体名词(如:如:teac
2、her教师教师)集体名词集体名词(如:如:police警察警察)不可数不可数第二页,共49页。考点一考点一名词的数名词的数第三页,共49页。名词单数的表达名词单数的表达 一般可用一般可用a,an,one来修饰来修饰注:注:a用于辅音音素开头用于辅音音素开头(ki tu)的单的单词前词前,an用于元音音素开头用于元音音素开头(ki tu)的的单词前单词前 *a book *an English book *an hour 第四页,共49页。flowerflowers找规律找规律(gul),总总结规则结规则watch esfactory-factoriesleaf-leavesboxes第五页,共
3、49页。可数名词的复数形式可数名词的复数形式 1.1.规则变化规则变化(1)(1)一般在词尾一般在词尾(cwi)(cwi)加加“s”/s/or/z/“s”/s/or/z/*dog dogs *book books *dog dogs *book books *cap caps *tree trees*cap caps *tree trees(2)(2)以以s s、x x、chch、shsh结尾的名词加结尾的名词加“es”/iz/“es”/iz/*box boxes *watch watches *box boxes *watch watches *bus buses *brush brushe
4、s *bus buses *brush brushes 注:注:stomach/k/stomachs stomach/k/stomachs 第六页,共49页。(3)(3)以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y y结尾结尾(jiwi)(jiwi)的名词的名词,变变y y为为i i加加“es”/iz/“es”/iz/*country countries *baby *country countries *baby babies babies *factory factories *party *factory factories *party parties parties 请区别:如果是元音字母加请区别:如
5、果是元音字母加y y 结尾结尾(jiwi)(jiwi)的名词则只须加的名词则只须加“s”“s”*boy boys holiday-*boy boys holiday-holidays holidays *day-holidays monkey monkeys *day-holidays monkey monkeys第七页,共49页。(4)以以f、fe 结尾结尾(jiwi)的名词的名词,变变f、fe 为为v再加再加“es”/vz/*half halves *shelf shelves *knife knives *leaf leaves 特殊(tsh):roof-roofs belief-bel
6、iefs proof-proofsHandkerchief-handkerchiefs/handkerchieves第八页,共49页。找规律找规律(gul)tomatoespotatoesNegroes黑人和英雄黑人和英雄(yngxing)爱吃西红柿拌土爱吃西红柿拌土豆。豆。heroes第九页,共49页。(5)(5)以以o o结尾的名词结尾的名词(mng c),(mng c),一般情一般情况加况加s,s,读作读作/z/.potato/z/.potato,tomatotomato,herohero等除外等除外 *piano pianos *zoo *piano pianos *zoo zoos
7、zoos *radio-radios *bamboo *radio-radios *bamboo bamboos bamboos 第十页,共49页。woman-womenman-men2.2.不规则变化不规则变化(binhu)(binhu)(1)(1)(1)(1)变变变变-a a a a为为为为-e(2)(2)(2)(2)变元音变元音变元音变元音(yunyn)(yunyn)(yunyn)(yunyn)字母字母字母字母oooooooo为为为为eeeeeeeepoliceman policemen Frenchman Frenchmen 第十一页,共49页。(3)(3)单复数同形单复数同形(tn
8、xn)(tn xn)Chinese Chinese Chinese Chinese fish fish fish fish Japanese Japanese Japanese Japanese sheepsheepsheepsheepsheep特殊特殊(tsh):children请区别:请区别:German(德国人德国人)Germans (“中日中日”不变不变“英法英法”变,其余变,其余(qy)s加加后面后面)第十二页,共49页。(4).(4).常以复数形式出现常以复数形式出现(chxin)(chxin)的名词的名词 people clothes shoes people clothes s
9、hoes trousers socks glasses trousers socks glasses 这这些些名名词词作作主主语语时时,注注意意它它们们的的谓谓语语用用复复数数 *My clothes are newer than yours.*My clothes are newer than yours.第十三页,共49页。1.Several_aretalkingunderthetreeAndtheyaretalkingabout_.Awoman;childrenBwoman;childCwomen;children2.Therearethreeinmyfamily.A.peopleB.p
10、ersonC.child3.Some_cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.GermaniesCAA第十四页,共49页。4.Inthepicturetherearemany_andtwo_.A.sheeps;knifesB.sheeps;knifeC.sheep;knivesD.sheep;knife5.Therearefour_andtwo_inthegroup.A.Japanese,GermenB.Japaneses,GermenC.Japanese,GermanD.Japanese,GermansDC第十五
11、页,共49页。不可数名词不可数名词(mng c)物质名词物质名词(mng c)和抽象名词和抽象名词(mng c)属于不可数名词属于不可数名词(mng c).1.1.常见常见(chn jin)(chn jin)的不可数名词的不可数名词2.2.water rice fish meatwater rice fish meat3.3.work chalk time space work chalk time space musicmusic4.4.money weather homeworkmoney weather homework5.5.wood information news wood inf
12、ormation news medicinemedicine第十六页,共49页。2 2 不可数名词的数不可数名词的数 (1)a lot of/lots of,some,much,a little,1)a lot of/lots of,some,much,a little,plenty of,a bit of,a large amount of+plenty of,a bit of,a large amount of+不可数不可数名词名词 (2)(2)数词数词(shc)+(shc)+容器容器+of+of+不可数名词不可数名词a glass of watertwo glasses of water
13、a glass of watertwo glasses of water第十七页,共49页。单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词(dngc)(dngc)用单数用单数 *Some bread is over there.*Some bread is over there.*No news is good news.*No news is good news.第十八页,共49页。不可数名词不能直接不可数名词不能直接(zhji)(zhji)被被a,an,one,twoa,an,one,two等修饰,常用等修饰,常用much,a little,little,a lot of
14、,lots of,some,anymuch,a little,little,a lot of,lots of,some,any,plenty plenty of of 等修饰等修饰 *They had much money.*They had much money.*He does little housework at home.*He does little housework at home.*a rice(X)two bread(X)*a rice(X)two bread(X)第十九页,共49页。可数名词和不可数名词都可以可数名词和不可数名词都可以(ky)(ky)用单位用单位+of+o
15、f+名词表达量,但单位后面的可数名词用名词表达量,但单位后面的可数名词用复数,不可数名词形式不变复数,不可数名词形式不变 *a bag of apples *a bag of apples*a piece of paper*a piece of paper*three glasses of orange*three glasses of orange巩固练习巩固练习:(1)一茶杯茶一茶杯茶 (2)一碗饭)一碗饭 (3)两公斤肉)两公斤肉 (4)五瓶橘汁)五瓶橘汁 (5)一双)一双(y shun)鞋鞋 (6)许多瓶牛奶)许多瓶牛奶第二十页,共49页。4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情有些可数名
16、词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化,同一个词,但意思况下可相互转化,同一个词,但意思(y s)不同不同 glass(玻璃玻璃)a glass(玻璃杯玻璃杯)work(工作工作)a work(著作著作)time(时间时间)times(次数次数)第二十一页,共49页。1.Pleasegiveme_paper.A.oneB.apiecesC.apieceD.apieceof2.Thistableismadeof_.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass3.WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?Idliketwo_.A.bottleofmilkB.bot
17、tlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks4.Wecandotheworkbetterwith_moneyand_people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,fewDDCA第二十二页,共49页。主谓一致主谓一致(yzh)1.1.当当people,class,family,team,group,public,police people,class,family,team,group,public,police 等集等集体名词做主语时,如果看成一个整体,动词体名词做主语时,如果看成一个整体,动词(d
18、ngc)(dngc)就用单数;看成一个个具体成员时,就用复数。就用单数;看成一个个具体成员时,就用复数。e.g The class e.g The class areare waiting for her.waiting for her.Toms family _ rather big.Toms family Toms family _ rather big.Toms family _ film fans_ film fans.is are2.news,maths,politics 2.news,maths,politics 表示单数表示单数(dnsh)(dnsh)意义,动词用单数意义,动词用
19、单数(dnsh)(dnsh)。e.g The news e.g The news makes makes her very happy.her very happy.Maths _ not easy for him.Maths _ not easy for him.is第二十三页,共49页。专有名词:专有名词:1.表示人名表示人名 如:如:Jim Kate Li Lei Miss Gao2.表示地名表示地名:如如:China USA England Beijing3.表示星期、月份等时间概念表示星期、月份等时间概念(ginin)的名称,如:的名称,如:Sunday Monday Tuesday
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