人教版高中英语选修八第四单元ppt课件.ppt

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1、Pygmalion 心理学家莫顿（心理学家莫顿（Robert Merton）将）将此现象名之为此现象名之为“自我实现的预言自我实现的预言”。这。这也就是在萧伯纳名剧窈窕淑女也就是在萧伯纳名剧窈窕淑女(My Fair Lady)中为人所熟知的中为人所熟知的“皮格马利翁皮格马利翁效应效应”（Pygmalion effect）。）。Have you ever heard of the“Pygmalion Effect”?The Pygmalion Effect is that people tend to behave as you expect they will.If you expect a

2、person to take responsibility,they probably will.If you expect them not to even try,they probably wont.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用v“皮格玛利翁效应皮格玛利翁效应”留给我们这样一个启示：留给我们这样一个启示：赞美、信任和期待具有一种能量，它能改变赞美、信任和期待具有一种能量，它能改变人的行为，当一个人获得另一个人的信任、人的行为，当一个人获得另一个人的信任、赞美时，他便感觉获得了社会支持，从

3、而增赞美时，他便感觉获得了社会支持，从而增强了自我价值，变得自信、自尊，获得一种强了自我价值，变得自信、自尊，获得一种积极向上的动力，并尽力达到对方的期待，积极向上的动力，并尽力达到对方的期待，以避免对方失望，从而维持这种社会支持的以避免对方失望，从而维持这种社会支持的连续性。连续性。This play by George Bernard Shaw(This play by George Bernard Shaw(萧萧萧萧伯纳伯纳伯纳伯纳)is an adaptation of a Greek story.)is an adaptation of a Greek story.Do you kn

4、ow this story?Do you know this story?Pygmalion,a gifted artist,makes a stone statue of a beautiful woman.He asks the Greek Goddess to bring her to life.His wish is granted同意同意,准予准予.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用1.adaptation:改编本；适应性改编本；适应性这部戏剧是一部短篇小说的改编本。这部戏剧是一部短篇小说

5、的改编本。动物对环境的适应是相当慢的。动物对环境的适应是相当慢的。常用结构：常用结构：adaptation to 对对的适应的适应 The adaptation of animals to the environment is rather slow.The play is an adaptation of a short novel.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用联想拓展联想拓展adapt vt.使适应使适应(合合)；修改；修改,改编改编 vi.(to)适应适应adapt oneself to

6、 使适应；使适合使适应；使适合He tried hard to himself (使自己适应使自己适应)the new conditions.He made a quick (适应适应)the new environment.When they moved to Canada,the children (适应适应)the change very well.adaptadapted adaptation totoMy Fair Lady Have you seen the film?If you have,did you like it?Have a discussion and give re

7、asons.Pre-readingEliza Doolittle(E):a poor flower girl who is ambitious to improve herself.Professor Higgins(H):an expert in phonetics,convinced that the quality of a persons English decides his/her position in society.Colonel Pickering(P):an officer in the army and later a friend of Higgins who set

8、s him a task.Main charactersCharacterPosition in societyEvidence in the playElizaLower classLanguage:calls gentleman“sir”and“capin”(or captain)which is a complimentBehaviour:respectful to people of higher classComprehending CharacterPosition in societyEvidence in the playHenry HigginsLanguage:calls

9、Eliza“you silly girl”and Pickering“my dear man”(an equal and friend)Behaviour:rude(and patronizing)to lower class;polite to same or upper classMiddle classkind,polite,generous,enthusiastic,eager,confident impatient,rude,confident,superior,self-importantanxious,eager,emotional,ambitious,unsure1.Profe

10、ssor Higgins(H):an expert in phonetics,convinced that the quality of a persons English decides his/her position in society.希金斯教授是一位语音学专家希金斯教授是一位语音学专家,他认他认为一个人的英语水平决定了他为一个人的英语水平决定了他(她她)的的社会地位。社会地位。Language points convince vt.说服说服;使相信使相信;We convinced him to go by train rather than plane.我们说服了他坐火车去我们说服

11、了他坐火车去,不要搭飞机。不要搭飞机。I tried to convince my wife that we cant afford a new car.我我试图说服我妻子我们买不起新车。试图说服我妻子我们买不起新车。convinced adj.convincing adj.坚信的坚信的;意志坚定的意志坚定的令人心服的令人心服的经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Convince sb.Convince sb.that-clauseConvince sb.to do sthConvince sb.of

12、 sthBe convinced of sth./that-clause使某人相信使某人相信.说服某人说服某人说服某人做某事说服某人做某事某人确信某人确信使某人相信某事使某人相信某事 他使我相信他是无辜的他使我相信他是无辜的 He convinced me of his innocence.2.Colonel Pickering(P):an officer in the army and later a friend of Higgins who sets him a task.皮克林上校皮克林上校(简称简称P):陆军军官陆军军官,后后来成为希金斯的朋友。希金斯给他来成为希金斯的朋友。希金斯给

13、他安排了一项任务。安排了一项任务。officer与与official officer 主要用于指主要用于指军官军官,也可指公司也可指公司或政府机构中的高级职员或政府机构中的高级职员;official 指指政府内政府内的文职官员的文职官员,用作形用作形容词时指容词时指“官方的官方的,正式的正式的”。The live at headquarters and the soldiers live in the camps.军官住在总部军官住在总部,士兵住在军营。士兵住在军营。The president and his ministers are government .总统和部长为政府高级官员。总统和

14、部长为政府高级官员。officersofficials set(1)vt.安排安排;布置布置(岗哨岗哨);定定(时间、标时间、标准准)；创造；创造(记录记录);专心于专心于 Set guards around the gate.在大门四周布下卫兵。在大门四周布下卫兵。The time and date of the meeting have not yet been set.开会时间与日期尚未确定。开会时间与日期尚未确定。He set a new record.他创下了一项新记录。他创下了一项新记录。Nothing in the world is difficult for one who s

15、ets his mind to it.世上无难事世上无难事,只怕有心人。只怕有心人。(2)vt.使使做某事做某事;使使处于某种状处于某种状态态 I opened the cage and set the bird free.我把鸟笼打开我把鸟笼打开,让鸟自由飞翔。让鸟自由飞翔。A spark set the woods on fine.星星之火使整个森林燃烧起来。星星之火使整个森林燃烧起来。(3)vi.(日、月等日、月等)下落；下沉下落；下沉 It will be cooler when the sun has set.日落后天就会凉爽起来。日落后天就会凉爽起来。(4)n.一套，一组；电器设备

16、一套，一组；电器设备 I bought a set of Lu Xuns short stories.我买了一套鲁迅短篇小说集。我买了一套鲁迅短篇小说集。I need a radio set.我需要一台收音机。我需要一台收音机。set offset outset aboutset upset sb.good example出发出发,动身动身出发出发,着手着手开始开始,着手着手建立建立,成立成立为某人树立好榜样为某人树立好榜样Its ten years since the scientist _ on his life work of discovering the valuable chemi

17、cal.(2004 江苏江苏)A.made for B.set out C.took off D.turned up3.While watching,he makes notes.他一边观察他一边观察,一边做笔记。一边做笔记。while watching 为为while he was watching 省略句省略句。在以。在以when,while,if,unless等引导的状语从句等引导的状语从句中中,如果如果从句从句中的主语与主句主语一致中的主语与主句主语一致且从句且从句谓语谓语动词含有动词含有be动词动词的形式的形式,往往将往往将从句从句中中的的主语及主语及be动词动词省略省略,而以而以动

18、词的动词的-ing形式或过去分词形式或过去分词形式来代替。形式来代替。After being discussed,the plan should be carried out at once.计划讨论后计划讨论后,应立即实施。应立即实施。While crossing the street,look out for cars passing by.过马路时过马路时,小心过路车辆。小心过路车辆。1)When_ help,one often says“Thank you.”or“Its kind of you.”A.offering B.to offer C.to be offered80 D.of

19、fered2)While_ the river,he saw a big crocodile.A.to cross B.crossingB.C.cross D.crossed3)-Whats the matter with you?-_ the window,my finger was cut unexpectedly.A.Cleaning B.To clean C.While cleaning D.While I was cleaning经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用4.hesitate:犹豫

20、，迟疑，踌躇；常做犹豫，迟疑，踌躇；常做不及物动词不及物动词，可与，可与介词介词about/over/at连用；也可接连用；也可接动词不定式动词不定式。表示对。表示对做某事有顾虑。做某事有顾虑。Hesitation:n.She hesitated before replying.她犹豫了一下才作答。她犹豫了一下才作答。对于送儿子上大学这件事，他仍然犹豫。对于送儿子上大学这件事，他仍然犹豫。He is still hesitating about/over/at sending his son to college.如果你想要更多资料，尽管和我联系。如果你想要更多资料，尽管和我联系。Please

21、 do not hesitate to contact me if you need more information.5.I aint done nothing wrong by speaking to that gentleman.我跟那位先生说话我跟那位先生说话,又没做什么坏事呀。又没做什么坏事呀。aint 是不规范的语言是不规范的语言,相当于相当于am not,is not,has not,have not.We aint coming.我们不来了。我们不来了。They aint got it.他们没有那玩意儿。他们没有那玩意儿。6.Here you are(hands over th

22、e paper covered with writing).给给你你(他把写满字的纸递过来他把写满字的纸递过来)hand over 移交移交;让与；交给某人照料让与；交给某人照料 The captain was unwilling to hand over the command of his ship.船长不愿移交军舰的指挥权。船长不愿移交军舰的指挥权。The thief was handed over to the policeman.小偷被交给警察处理。小偷被交给警察处理。hand down 传给传给 hand on 传递传递 hands up 举手举手 hand out 分给分给,分发

23、分发It is certain that he will _ his business to his son when he gets old.A.take over B.think over C.hand over D.go over covered with writing 为过去分词短语为过去分词短语作后置定语作后置定语,相当于定语从句相当于定语从句which/that is covered with writing.The concert given by him was a great success.由他举行的音乐会很成功。由他举行的音乐会很成功。The first textboo

24、ks teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.最早为外语教师而写的英语课本出现最早为外语教师而写的英语课本出现在在18世纪。世纪。written for Some of them,in villages,had never seen a train.他们当中的一些人生长在农村他们当中的一些人生长在农村,从未从未 见过火车。见过火车。The meeting yesterday proved to be a success.昨天开的那次会议证明很成功。昨天开的那次会议证明很成功。born and bro

25、ught upheld1)Some of the suspects_ refused to answer and kept their mouths shut.A.questioning B.being questioned B.C.questioned D.to be questioned2)You will find the word“psychology”_ under“P”in any dictionary.A.have listed B.to be listedB.C.listing itself D.listed3)The amount of money_ for the seri

26、ously sick child was soon collected.A.to need B.neededB.C.needing D.which needed经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用7.mistaken adj,在句中作表语或前置定语。在句中作表语或前置定语。作表语作表语 be mistaken about 对某事持错误的见解。对某事持错误的见解。You are mistaken about what he said.人们对这个孩子有不对的看法。人们对这个孩子有不对的看法。The peo

27、ple has a mistaken opinion of this child.Mistake for把把误认为误认为(take for)He mistook my politeness for friendliness.8.What if I was?如果我是又怎样呢？如果我是又怎样呢？此句为省略句。原句为此句为省略句。原句为:What if I was born in?What if意思为意思为“要是要是又会怎样又会怎样？”。经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用9.Classify vt.为为分

28、类分类The books in the library are classified by subjects.图书馆的书按学科分类。图书馆的书按学科分类。classify sth.by/according to 根据根据分类分类classify sb./sth.as 把某人把某人/物归入物归入类；分等类；分等级级classify sb./sth.in/into.把某人把某人/某物归为某物归为类类经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用(1)Zoologists _ them _ _ the structu

29、re of their bodies.动物学家按它们的身体结构进行分类动物学家按它们的身体结构进行分类。(2)Eggs can _ their size.鸡鸡蛋可按大小分蛋可按大小分类类。classifyaccordingbe classified byto经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用v(3)Would you _ her novels _ serious literature or other？你？你认为认为她的她的小小说说属于文学属于文学类类，还还是其他是其他类类？classifyas经营

30、者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用10.You can place a man by just a few remarks.你可以根据几句谈话来确定一个人是哪个地方的。你可以根据几句谈话来确定一个人是哪个地方的。Remark：v.&n评论，谈话评论，谈话我不想让别人对我的私事说三道四。我不想让别人对我的私事说三道四。I wouldnt like others to make a remark on my private affairs.remark on/upon.对对发发表看法；表看法；评论评论rem

31、ark that.说说；评论说评论说；注意到；注意到make(some)remarks on/upon.对对评论评论；评论评论 经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用1)Its rude to _ others appearance.议论别人的相貌是不礼貌的议论别人的相貌是不礼貌的。(2)He _ it was getting dark.他他说说天色已晚天色已晚。(3)The speaker restricted his _ to the proposal.主主讲讲者将他的者将他的评论评论限制在限制在计

32、计划的范划的范围围内内。remark on remarked thatremarks11.But they betray themselves every time they open their mouths.但是他们一张嘴就露了馅。但是他们一张嘴就露了馅。Dont stop every time you come to a word or phrase you dont know.你遇到一个你不会的单词或词组不要每你遇到一个你不会的单词或词组不要每次都停下来。次都停下来。经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受

33、服务的费用betray vt.显露出显露出(本来面目本来面目),背叛，背叛，泄露泄露,辜负辜负betray oneself/betray that无意中露出本性；暴露无意中露出本性；暴露betray+n.+to 出卖，背叛出卖，背叛 他背叛了祖国他背叛了祖国,向敌人投降。向敌人投降。He betrayed his country to enemy.他的脸显露出他很生气。他的脸显露出他很生气。His face betrayed that he was angry.I wont betray his trust.我不会辜负他对我的信任。我不会辜负他对我的信任。Youre welcome to co

34、me back any time you want to.你想什么时候来我们都欢迎。你想什么时候来我们都欢迎。He called to see me the first time hecame to Nanjing.第一次他来南京就打电话来看我。第一次他来南京就打电话来看我。Next time you come,youll see him.下次你来的时候就看见他了。下次你来的时候就看见他了。有些表示时间的短语可引导时间状语从有些表示时间的短语可引导时间状语从句，如：句，如：the instant,the moment,the day,the year,each(every)time,next

35、time,the first(second)time等。等。1)The minute _ he saw her,he fell in love.A.when B./C.that D.which2)_ I come he is reading.A.While B.Every timeB.C.The last D.After3)The moment I _ her,I knew something _ wrong.A.have seen;gone B.had seen;had C.saw;was D.see;had gone经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损

36、失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用12.The English that will condemn her to the gutter to the end of her days.那一口英语那一口英语使她注定要使她注定要在贫民窟里待一辈子在贫民窟里待一辈子.condemn vt.判刑，判刑，谴责，使谴责，使注定注定condemn sb./sth for sth.指责指责.为为condemn sb to sth.判某人某种刑罚判某人某种刑罚,使使注定注定法官判处罪犯死刑。法官判处罪犯死刑。The judge the criminal .condemnedto death经

37、营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用condemnation n.责难；判罪责难；判罪 She knew that society would（）(指责指责)her for leaving her children.There was widespread international（）of the bombing.He was found guilty and condemned（）death.condemnation condemn to13.Now once taught by me 一旦由我来教

38、一旦由我来教,When finished,the homework was handed in.作业一完成就交上了去。作业一完成就交上了去。经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用 以以once,if,as,unless,when,though,although引导的状语从句引导的状语从句,若若从句主语从句主语与主句主语一致与主句主语一致,且从句中谓语动词为且从句中谓语动词为 be+v.-ed 形式形式,或从句中主谓结构为或从句中主谓结构为 it is(was)+adj.时时,则从句结构可以直接则从句结构

39、可以直接由以上连词加由以上连词加v-ed或或adj.代替。代替。Although tired,he continued climbing.尽管很累尽管很累,但他仍继续爬着。但他仍继续爬着。比较：比较：While being operated,the machine sent off a lot of smoke.机器被操作时机器被操作时,冒出许多烟。冒出许多烟。1)When first_ to the market,these products enjoyed great success.A.introducing B.introducedC.introduce D.being introdu

40、ced 2)_,the vitamin C in them will be destroyed.A.If vegetables are cooked too longB.If cooked too longC.If cooking too longD.If being cooked too long14.But,sir,(proudly)once educated to speak properly,the girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassadors garden party.可是可是,先

41、生先生(自豪地自豪地),一旦那个女孩被一旦那个女孩被教会说正确的英语教会说正确的英语,她就能够在三个月她就能够在三个月后由一位大使举办的舞会上冒充一位后由一位大使举办的舞会上冒充一位女公爵。女公爵。这是一个复合句这是一个复合句这是一个复合句这是一个复合句,从句为从句为从句为从句为once she is once she is educated to speak properly educated to speak properly 的省略形的省略形的省略形的省略形式。式。式。式。pass off as pass off as 冒充冒充冒充冒充 She passed herself off as

42、 an American.She passed herself off as an American.她冒充是美国人。她冒充是美国人。她冒充是美国人。她冒充是美国人。He passed his secretary off as wife.他把秘书冒充他的妻子。他把秘书冒充他的妻子。pass off 停止停止;顺利地举行顺利地举行;躲开躲开 pass by 走过走过;不理会不理会 pass on 传递传递 pass through 通过通过,穿过穿过经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用15.I came

43、 to England to make your acquaintance.(与人与人)相识相识make sbs acquaintance/make the acquaintance of sb结识某人结识某人运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。认识你我很高兴。认识你我很高兴。Its a pleasure to_ 了解了解(U)(+with)I have some acquaintance with Spanish.相识的人相识的人,熟人熟人She has many acquaintances in the business community.make your

44、acquaintance 经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用 我是在西班牙度假时结识汤姆的。我是在西班牙度假时结识汤姆的。I _ Tom when on holiday in Spain.旅行时我认识很多有趣的人。旅行时我认识很多有趣的人。While _(travel)I _ _many interesting people.travellingmade the acquaintance of made the acquaintance of经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增

45、加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用 16.fortune：运气运气,好运好运,幸运幸运 一笔财富一笔财富,财产、钱财财产、钱财（当大笔的钱。巨款讲时，常用作单数）（当大笔的钱。巨款讲时，常用作单数）父亲死时父亲死时,他继承了一笔财富。他继承了一笔财富。He received a large fortune when his father died.make a fortune 发财发财 Seek a fortune 寻找机会寻找机会fortunate adj.幸运的幸运的 fortunately adv.幸运地幸运地Unfortunately adv.不幸

46、地，遗憾地不幸地，遗憾地经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用vHe (发了财发了财)by selling houses.vShe (寻求她的机会寻求她的机会)in another country.v (不幸的是不幸的是),the fire spread quickly after it had started.made a fortunesought her fortuneUnfortunately经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买

47、商品的价款或接受服务的费用17.generally speaking 一般来说一般来说归纳：归纳：根据汉语提示完成短语或句子。根据汉语提示完成短语或句子。个人来说个人来说 _speaking 严格地说严格地说 _speaking 粗略地说粗略地说_ speaking 适当地说适当地说 _speaking personally strictlyroughlyproperly经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用 坦白地说坦白地说,学好英语不是一件容易的事学好英语不是一件容易的事情！情！_，its not

48、easy to learn English well.确切地说，这种观念是错误的。确切地说，这种观念是错误的。_，such a view is wrong.Frankly speakingExactly speaking经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用 说实在的，真是没有一点儿心情来和朋说实在的，真是没有一点儿心情来和朋友们交谈。友们交谈。_，I didnt have the mood talking with friends here any more.一般说来，他是一个诚实的年青人。一般说来，

49、他是一个诚实的年青人。_，he is an honest young man.Generally speakingHonestly speaking经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用18.in terms of 就就来说；从来说；从角度；角度；用用的词句的词句运用：根据汉语意思完成下列英文句子。运用：根据汉语意思完成下列英文句子。从工资的角度来说，这份工作很糟糕。从工资的角度来说，这份工作很糟糕。_，the job is terrible.In terms of salary经营者提供商品或者服务有

50、欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用 他经常用充满爱意的语言谈论他的女朋友。他经常用充满爱意的语言谈论他的女朋友。He often talks about his girlfriend_.让每个孩子根据自己的兴趣爱好来选择读让每个孩子根据自己的兴趣爱好来选择读书。书。Let each child read_.in terms of his own taste and choiceof lovein terms经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接