高中英语语法之名词性从句ppt课件.ppt

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1、认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目 名词性从句名词性从句 noun clause 主语从句主语从句subject clause 宾语从句宾语从句object clause 表语从句表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句同位语从句appositive clause认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目一、名词性从句之-主语从句1.主语从句：相当于主语的句子主语从句：相当于主语的句子Who will go makes

2、no difference.What he said is not true.Whether he comes or not is uncertain.Whether we will go for a picnic tomorrow depends on the weather.That the wooded soldier is still alive is a wonder.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目2.引导主语从句的词：引导主语从句的词：连词连词：that,whether 连接代词：连接代词：wh

3、at(ever),who(ever),which(ever)，whose,连接副词连接副词：when,where,how,why充当主语充当主语/宾语宾语/定语等定语等起连接作用不充当成分起连接作用不充当成分充当状语表时间、地点、方式、原因充当状语表时间、地点、方式、原因认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目When your uncle will arrive was not mentioned in his letter.Where the painter is from is unknown to us al

4、l.How well solve the problem should be discussed againWhy you went there alone must be explained to us.连接副词连接副词：when,where,how,why引导的主语从句引导的主语从句认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目3.it 做形式主语做形式主语That we should master English well is important.It is important that we should mas

5、ter English well.Who will be sent to the front hasnt been decided yet.It hasnt been decided yet who will be sent to the front.常见的固定句型：常见的固定句型：认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目It 的用法的用法:(形式主语形式主语)It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能很可能/重要的是重要的是/必要的是必要的是/很清楚很清楚Its sa

6、id/reported that.据说据说/据报道据报道Its been announced/declared that.已经通知已经通知/宣布宣布It seems/appears/happens.that 看似看似/显然显然/碰巧碰巧.Its no wonder that 并不奇怪并不奇怪/无疑无疑Its a pity/a fact/a common knowledge(众所周知众所周知)/a common saying that(俗话说俗话说)认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目A.It+be+adj(imp

7、ortant/essential/natural/necessary)+that sb.should do sth.It+be+adj(amazing/clear/certain)+that从句从句It is certain that we will do a good job.It is very clear that we should leave.B.It+be+n(a pity/a fact/a good idea/an honor/a mystery/a pleasure/a shame/a wonder/a challenge)+that从句从句It is still a myst

8、ery how the prisoner escaped.It is still a question whether we can go there.Its no wonder that he win the game.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目C.it+be+p.p(known/said/reported/believed/suggested/stressed)+that/wh-从句从句It is known to all that heart attack is terrible.It is re

9、ported that he has won the bet.以上三种句型表建议，要求，责任，义务，或愿以上三种句型表建议，要求，责任，义务，或愿望望从句谓语常从句谓语常用用should+do,should 可以省略。可以省略。It is suggested that you(should)take it.It is necessary that you should stop.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目D.It+happened(occur to/seem/matter/appear)+that/wh

10、-clauseIt happened that I was late for school.It matters whether he will accept our invitation.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目1、宾语从句、宾语从句宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。引导宾语从句词有引导宾语从句词有连词连词that，if，whether连接代词连接代词who，whos

11、e，what，which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever连接副词连接副词when，where，how(以及以及how构成的词构成的词组组)，why等。等。二、宾语从句二、宾语从句 The Object Clause认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目1.I hear(that)_.(一小时后会回来)2.He said(that)_.(他非常想我们)3.The teacher told us(that)_.(地球围绕太阳转）认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后

12、药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：在以下三种情况下不能省略：当当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,第二个从句起第二个从句起that引导词不能省；引导词不能省；当当that作介词宾语时作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。不可省掉。用用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。做形式宾语的宾语从句。1.Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.2.The reason lies in that she works

13、 harder than the others do.3.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目2.由从属连词if/whether 引导的宾从 I want to know _ （他是否和我们一起去公园）Ask him _（他是否能来）I dont know _（是否要下雨）if/wether he will go to the park with usif/wether he can comeWethe

14、r it is going to rain or notwhether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目练一练练一练:if/whether1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2.Were worried about _ he is safe.3.I dont know _ he is well or not.4.I dont know _ to go.5.He doesnt care _ it isnt a fin

15、e day.if/whetherwhetherwhether whether注：注：1.表示表示“是否是否”后接动词不定式时用后接动词不定式时用whether (whether to do sth.)2.宾语从句是否定句时一般用宾语从句是否定句时一般用if 引导引导if认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目3.由连接代词由连接代词(what,who,whom,which,whose)连接副词连接副词(when,where,how,why)引导的宾从引导的宾从He asked _？（谁能回答这个问题）（谁能回答这个问

16、题）Doyou know _？（他们在等谁）（他们在等谁）He asked _？（谁的书法是班上最好的）（谁的书法是班上最好的）Please tell_.（我们什么时候开会）（我们什么时候开会）who could answer the questionwhom they are waiting forwhose handwriting was the best in the classwhen well have a meeting?认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目Can you tell me _ （他在哪

17、儿）他在哪儿）Could you tell me _ （怎样到达车站）（怎样到达车站）Would you tell me _ （火车为什么晚点）（火车为什么晚点）where he ishow I can get to the station?why the train was late?注：注：因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担 任一定的句子成分任一定的句子成分,具有一定的意义具有一定的意义,所以所以不可以省略。不可以省略。认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目4.带带how的词组也都

18、可以引导宾语从句的词组也都可以引导宾语从句1.Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan?2.Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday?3.Could you tell us how long the meeting will last?4.I dont know how far it is to the cinema.5.Please tell us how many students there are in your school.6.Please tell

19、 us how soon you will be ready.Can you tell us how old his brother is?认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目5.“疑问词疑问词+ever”whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever引导宾语从句引导宾语从句Ill show you whatever you want to see.He likes to makes friends with whoever shares his interest.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本

20、原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目二、注意正确使用时态二、注意正确使用时态1.如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，宾如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，宾语从句时态不受限制语从句时态不受限制 I hear he is here today/he was here yesterday/he will be here tomorrow.2.如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句应与主句保持一致，如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句应与主句保持一致，即使用过去时态的某种形式。即使用过去时态的某种形式。He said he was watc

21、hing TV/he had swept the floor/he would play football after school.3.如果宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象、科学如果宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象、科学真理等时，从句不受主句限制，用一般现在时。真理等时，从句不受主句限制，用一般现在时。Everyone answered there are sixty minutes in an hour.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目1.The radio says it _ cloudy to

22、morrow.(be)2.The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)3.Tom says that they _(play).basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.4.I hear they _(return)it already.5.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)will be goes were playing have returned had been 认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。

23、近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目三、三、注意否定的转移注意否定的转移:主语谓语动词为主语谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等等,其后的宾语从句若含其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上I dont think that this dress fits you well.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。I dont suppose that it is true.我认为那不是真的。我认为那不是真的。一一Do you

24、 believe it will clear up?一一I believe so.我认为会这样。我认为会这样。I dont believe so.(或或I believe not.)我认为不会这样。我认为不会这样。认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目1.I doubt if/whether he will pass the exam.2.I dont doubt that we will win the match.3.Do you doubt that he did it on his own?四、四、doub

25、t问题问题肯定句中用肯定句中用 if/whether否定句中用否定句中用 that 疑问句中用疑问句中用 that 认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目1.I doubt _he is telling the truth.2.We never doubt _ the plan will be carried out.3.Does he doubt _ you are from Australia?4.Im doubtful _ he will agree to this.if/whether that that

26、if/whether认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目1.1.表语从句放在连系动词之后，充表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。当复合句中的表语。The question is who will do it.The question is who will do it.系动词系动词表语从句表语从句2.（系动词系动词）+引导词引导词+简单句简单句 What I want to say is that I am tired.引导词引导词表语从句表语从句三、Predicative Clauses 表语从句认识

27、到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目连接词连接词:that/whether(if 不引导表语从句不引导表语从句)/as if/as though 连接代词连接代词:who/whom/whose/which/what 连接副词连接副词:when/where/why/how/because The question is whether we can rely on him.Thats because we were in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was

28、 going to cry.It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.Thats why I was late.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目注注 意：意：1.在表语从句中在表语从句中,表表“是否是否”时时,只能用只能用“whether”2.不能用不能用“if”。3.2.一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”不能省。不能省。3.It is/was because It is/was why4.The reason(why/for)is/was that5.

29、The reason is because/whythat .认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类：引导表语从句的关联词的种类：1)可接表从的连系动词有可接表从的连系动词有be（is,am,are,was,were）,look,seem,sound,appear等。等。China is no longer what it used to be.The question remains whether they will be able to help us.At that time,

30、it seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word.It seems that he was late for the train.It appears that she was wrong.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目2)because,why引导的表语从句引导的表语从句Thats because he didnt understand me.(Thats because.强调原因强调原因)Thats why he got angry with me.(T

31、hats why.强调结果强调结果)The reason why I was sad was that he didnt understand me.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目3）wh-疑问词引导表语从句疑问词引导表语从句 My question is who left.What I wonder is when he left.Thats what he wants.This is where they once lived.That is why he didnt come here.认识到了贫困户

32、贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目 使用虚拟语气的表语从句使用虚拟语气的表语从句 在表示建议、命令、要求、计划等含义的名词在表示建议、命令、要求、计划等含义的名词（常见的词有：（常见的词有：advice,suggestion,order,request,plan,idea等）后的表语从句，谓语动等）后的表语从句，谓语动词需用词需用“should+动词原形动词原形”表示，表示，should 可以可以省略。省略。My suggestion is that we(should)start early tomorrow.我的建议是我

33、们明天一早就出发。我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目1.The news that we won the game is exciting.2.I have no idea when he will come back home.3.Word came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.4.They are inve

34、stigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.The newsideaWordthe question观察下列句子划红线的部分。观察下列句子划红线的部分。认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目 四、四、同位语从句同位语从句 1.概念概念:在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性 从句。从句。2.功能功能:同位语从句对名词进一步解释、说明同位语从句对名词进一步解释、说明 名词的具体内容。名词的具体内容。认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，

35、才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目3.用法用法:常跟的抽象名词有常跟的抽象名词有:fact/idea/reason/thought/order/doubt/news/hope/truth/belief/theory/decision/discovery/problem/evidence/opinion4.连接词连接词 that/whether/who/which/what/when/where/why/how认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目连接词连接词th

36、at引导的同位语从句引导的同位语从句that在从句中不充当成分在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用只起连接作用,不可省略不可省略.He told me the news that he would come home from aboard soon.他告诉我一个消息他告诉我一个消息,他马上要从国外回国他马上要从国外回国.There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目只用只用whether引导引导,不用不用if，而且，

37、而且whether不充当成分。不充当成分。这个问题是否正确还未被证实这个问题是否正确还未被证实.The problem _ is right hasnt been proved.连接词连接词whether引导的同位语从句引导的同位语从句whether认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目连接词代词连接词代词what/which/who 引导的同位语从句引导的同位语从句1.谁会出国这个问题还未决定谁会出国这个问题还未决定.2.我不知道该选哪个我不知道该选哪个.1.The question _ should go ab

38、road hasnt been decided yet.2.I have no idea _ one I should choose.whichwho(定语定语)(主主)在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目连接词副词连接词副词when/where/why/how 引导的同位语从句引导的同位语从句 1.我了解他们为什么离开得那么早我了解他们为什么离开得那么早.2.我们还没决定好去哪儿我们还没决定好去哪儿.1.Ive got a good idea _ they left early.

39、2.The question _ we should go has not been decided.whywhere认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目1.We were excited at the news.Our football team had won a third match.2.They have made a new plan.Another experiment building will be put up beside the library.合并成一句合并成一句We were exci

40、ted at the news that our football team had won a third match.They have made a new plan that another experiment building will be put up beside the library.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目3.They had the question.Could he pass the final exam?4.Who did the damaged computer bel

41、ong to?No one had any idea.They had the question whether he could pass the final exam.No one had any idea who the damaged computer belonged to.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目5.The problem has been solved.Why were so many areas flooded during the heavy storm?The problem wh

42、y so many areas were flooded during the heavy storm has been solved.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目6.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.7.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./We heard the

43、news last night.The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目8.Time travel is possible./There is no scie

44、ntific proof for the idea.9.Chinese students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people,especially kids in school.There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by m

45、any people,especially kids in school.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目同位语从句与定语从句区别同位语从句与定语从句区别 1.从词类上区别从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能是同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等表抽象意等表抽象意义的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名义的名词，而定语从句的先行

46、词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目He told me the news that he would comehome from aboard soon.Word came that he had been abroad.据说他已经出国了。据说他已经出国了。Our team has won the game,which made us very happy.我们的队赢了我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。这让我们很高兴。(同位语从句同位

47、语从句)(定语从句定语从句)认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目2.从性质上区别从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如的范畴。如:认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目The news tha

48、t our team has won the gameis true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句同位语从句,补充说明补充说明news到底是一个什到底是一个什么消息么消息)The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句定语从句,news在从句中作在从句中作told的宾语的宾语)认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目3.从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别从引导词

49、及其在句子中的成分上区别 有些引导词如有些引导词如how,whether,what 可以可以引导同位语从句引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。但不能引导定语从句。如如:That question whether we need ithas not been considered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(同位语从句同位语从句)认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目 引导词引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语一般作主语或宾语(指物时

50、还可以用指物时还可以用which代替代替)，并且作宾语时常常省略，并且作宾语时常常省略，that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用用which来代替。如来代替。如:认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的我们应派