2016高考专项复习-状语从句.ppt

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1、高三英语总复习语法系列讲练高三英语总复习语法系列讲练时间状语从句时间状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句条件状语状从条件状语状从让步状语从句让步状语从句方式状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句状语从句的省略状语从句的省略引导词引导词 when whenever as while before after until(till)since as soon as onceeach/every timenext timethe first/timethe momentthe minuteinstantlyimmediatel

2、ydirectly(一一就就)no soonerthanhardly/scarcelywhen1)when的用法：was doingwhen,be about to do when“正在做某事/正要做.突然发生另一件事”。2.)几种特殊句型与强调结构的区别：It is+时刻时刻+when It is/has been+段时段时+since It will be/was+段时段时+before(现在时现在时/过去时过去时).“过一段时间过一段时间才才”3).before的用法：A：表“还未来得及就”B：表“过一段时间才”，4).until的用法：在notuntil结构中，谓语用短暂性动词，“直

3、到才”;谓语为延续性动词，用until表“一直持续到”。考查重点考查重点5)no soonerthan hardly/scarcelywhen 刚刚就就A.时态：主句用过去完成时（时态：主句用过去完成时（had+pp）从句用一般过去时从句用一般过去时B.倒装：倒装：no sooner/hardly/scarcely放句首，主句要到装放句首，主句要到装She had no sooner arrived at the station than the train started to move.No sooner had she arrived at the station than.He had

4、 hardly entered the hotel when it began to snow.Hardly had he entered the hotel when it began to snow1.when可以和可以和延续性动词延续性动词连用，也可以和连用，也可以和短暂性动词短暂性动词连用；而连用；而while和和as只能和延续性动词连用。只能和延续性动词连用。如：如：It was snowing when we got to the airport.（不用（不用while）2.when作并列连词，意为作并列连词，意为“突然，正在那个时候突然，正在那个时候”常运用于以常运用于以下句型中

5、下句型中 Somebody be about to dowhen Somebody be on the point of doingwhen Somebody be doing when Somebody had donewhen3.When 引导原因状语从句，意为引导原因状语从句，意为“既然既然”=now that 共同点：共同点：三者均可表示三者均可表示“当当的时候的时候”，如果主句表示的，如果主句表示的是短暂的动作，而从句表示的是一段时间，三者通用是短暂的动作，而从句表示的是一段时间，三者通用I met Kang Li aswhenwhile I was walking along th

6、e street当我沿街散步时碰见了康丽。当我沿街散步时碰见了康丽。when、while&as 比较比较时间状语从句时间状语从句whenwhen、while&as 比较比较时间状语从句时间状语从句1.while引导的动作必须是引导的动作必须是持续性持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如：作相对比。如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working.2.while作为并列连词，意为作为并列连词，意为“而，却而，却”，表示，表示对比对比。3.while可表示可表示尽管尽管，相当于，相当于although。whileas

7、1.as强调主句与从句表示的动作同时发生，强调主句与从句表示的动作同时发生，as常表示常表示“随着随着”；“一边一边，一边，一边；He sang as he went along他边走边唱。他边走边唱。2.as引导引导让步状语从句必须倒装让步状语从句必须倒装，从句中的表语，状语或动词，从句中的表语，状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语为名词，前置时省略冠词。原形置于句首，若表语为名词，前置时省略冠词。Child as he is,he knows a lot.3.as意为意为“因为因为”，指说话双方都知道的原因。，指说话双方都知道的原因。As he was not ready in time,we

8、went without him.时间状语从句时间状语从句when、while&as1._ he heard this,he got angry.2.He thought I am talking about her son,_,in fact,I am talking about my son.3._ he grew older,he began to go deaf.4.How did you get there on time _ you left there so late?5.I was just coming along to see you _ I ran into Wilson

9、.6._ I admit his good points,I can see his shortcomings.7._ I was walking along the street,I met across him.WhenwhileAswhenwhenWhileWhen/While/Asbefore&sincebefore&sinceBefore除了表示除了表示“在、之前在、之前”还可翻译为：还可翻译为：1.It was another 5 minutes before she heard him coming down the stairs.2.He ran off before I co

10、uld stop him.3.She became a mother before she had reached her 15th year.4.Put down her telephone number before you forget it.5.He will die of hunger before he will steal.又隔了五分钟，她又隔了五分钟，她才才听到他从楼梯上走下来。听到他从楼梯上走下来。我我还没来得及还没来得及阻止他，他阻止他，他就就跑掉了。跑掉了。她她不到不到十五岁十五岁就就做母亲了。做母亲了。把她的电话号码记下来把她的电话号码记下来以免以免忘了。忘了。他宁愿饿

11、死他宁愿饿死不愿不愿偷窃。偷窃。比较：比较：1.I havent heard from him since he got to Beijing.2.I havent heard from him since he lived in Beijing.自从他到达北京以来我未收到他的信。自从他到达北京以来我未收到他的信。自从他离开北京以来我一直未收到他的信。自从他离开北京以来我一直未收到他的信。Since 从句的从句的谓语动词谓语动词如果是如果是短短暂暂性性的，采用的，采用直直译译法法；从句；从句谓谓语动词为语动词为延延续续性性的，的，则则通常是通常是动动作或状作或状态态的完成或的完成或结结束束，可

12、，可译译为为相反或否定的含相反或否定的含义义。1.It was+一段时间一段时间+before+一般过去时一般过去时 多久之后才多久之后才2.It will be/is+一段时间一段时间+before+一般现在时一般现在时 要过多久才要过多久才3.It is/has been+一段时间一段时间+since+一般过去时一般过去时 4.It was+一段时间一段时间+since+过去完成时过去完成时地点状语从句地点状语从句1.不及物动词不及物动词+地点状语从句地点状语从句 2.主谓宾结构齐全带地点状语从句主谓宾结构齐全带地点状语从句,说明动作说明动作发生的地点发生的地点1.You must com

13、e to a full stop _ you see a stop sign.2.Young people shall go _ the Party needs them most.3._there is a will,there is a way.有志者有志者,事竟成事竟成.4._ there is smoke,there is a fire.无风不起浪无风不起浪.5._ he happened to be,he can make himself at home.6.Our school stands _there used to be masses of farmland.where/wh

14、ereverwhere/whereverWhereWhereverWhereverwhereWhere/wherever地点状语从句与定语从句的区别地点状语从句与定语从句的区别 1.I found the book _ I left it.2.I found the book _ I left under the bed.3.I found the book in the place _ I left it.1.Youd better make a mark _ you have any question.2.Youd better make a mark at the place _ you

15、 have any question.where(which/that)wherewherewhere原因状语从句原因状语从句(simply/only/just)because,since,seeing that/as,now(that),considering that,as,for,in that.1.You shouldnt get away simply _ somebody speaks ill of you.2.The day breaks,_ the birds are singing.3._ it is raining heavily outside,why not stay

16、for a little longer.4._its cold outside,youd better put on more clothes.5.It was _ he was ill that he didnt go with us.6.-Why are you absent from the meeting?-_ I am ill.becauseforSinceAsbecauseBecause1.Because所引导的从句既可以放于主句前也可以放于所引导的从句既可以放于主句前也可以放于之后之后.它表示最直接的原因它表示最直接的原因,不为人知的原因不为人知的原因.不与不与so连连用用.同时

17、它同时它能能回答回答why的提问的提问,以及以及用于强调句用于强调句中中,用于表用于表语从句语从句.2.Since 表示众所周知的原因表示众所周知的原因,译成译成既然既然,鉴于鉴于.还可用还可用seeing that/as,now that.常放于主句前常放于主句前,不能不能回答回答why的提问或用于的提问或用于强调句强调句.3.As 译成由于译成由于,放于主句前后都可以放于主句前后都可以.语气弱语气弱.不能不能回答回答why的提问或用于的提问或用于强调句强调句.4.For 起补充说明的作用起补充说明的作用,加以推断加以推断,常放于主句之后常放于主句之后,且用逗号与主句隔开且用逗号与主句隔开.

18、不能不能回答回答why的提问或用于的提问或用于强调强调句句.温馨提示温馨提示:1.The football match was put off _it rained.2.The football match was put off _the rain.(because,because of)3._ we live near the sea,we can often go swimming.4.It must have rained last night,_ the ground is wet.5.The lamp went out _ the oil was used up.6.The oil

19、 was used up,_ the lamp went out.becausebecause ofSinceforbecausefor目的状语从句目的状语从句So that=in order that,for fear that,that,in case,lest.1.The boy hid himself behind the tree _ his father should see him.温馨提示温馨提示:In case,for fear that,lest 这些从属连这些从属连词本身带有否定含义词本身带有否定含义,相当于相当于in order that/so thatnot.它们引导

20、的状语从句中谓语动词常用它们引导的状语从句中谓语动词常用should+动词原形动词原形in case/for fear thatfor fear that:恐怕；唯恐；怕的是、恐怕；唯恐；怕的是、Eg：1.He worried for fear that the child would be hurt.2.He is working hard for fear that he would fall.3.Shut the window for fear that it may rain.in case:以防（某种情况的发生）；万一以防（某种情况的发生）；万一Eg:1.Take warm clot

21、hes in case the weather is cold.2.Here is a shilling in case you should need it.3.I shall stay in the hotel all day in case there is news of Harry.lest:for fear that;in order that not Eg:1.He ran away lest he should be seen.2.Lest anyone should think it strange,let me assure you that it is quite tru

22、e.1._ you can catch the first bus,you should hurry up.2._ you miss the first bus,you should hurry up.3.Youd better hurry up,_you can catch the first bus.4._ catch the first bus,you should hurry up.In order thatFor fear thatin order that/so thatIn order to1.You walk _ fast that I cant keep pace with

23、you.2.The book was _ a written that all of us could understand it.3.He spoke in _ a loud voice that all of us heard him.4.You made _ many mistakes that youd better do it again.结果状语从句结果状语从句So that,so that,such thatsosuchsuchso当名词被当名词被much/little(少的少的)/many/few 修饰时用修饰时用soso+adj.+a/an+cn.so+adj./adv.so

24、+much/little(少的少的)+un.So+many/few+.+that从句从句Such+a/an+(adj.)+cn.Such+(adj.)+un./.+that从句从句so+adj.+a/an+cn.so+adj./adv.so+much/little(少的少的)+un.So+many/few+.+that从句从句1.They are _ little children that they cant look after themselves.2.There is _ little water that you cant drink.3.He earned _ little mon

25、ey that he couldnt support his family.4.It is not surprising that _little worms eat _ little grain.suchsososuchsoso结果状从与定语从句的区别结果状从与定语从句的区别1.The book is written in such easy English _ we all understand it.2.The book is written in such easy English _ we all understand.3.So clever _ that he was able t

26、o work out all the problem.thataswas hetooto,adj./adv.+enough to do,so/such as toHe was so kind that he lent me money.=He was so kind as to lend me money.=He was kind enough to lend me money.(状从状从)(定从定从)(倒装倒装)1.He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus.He got up too late to catch the bus.He got

27、up so late as to miss the bus2.He is such a foolish boy that he thinks everyone is kind-hearted.He is such a foolish boy as to think everyone is kind-hearted.He is foolish enough to think everyone is kind-hearted.条件状语状从条件状语状从1.You can have the book _ you return on time.2._ I know the money is safe,I

28、 shall worry about it.3._ the weather is ok,we will make the trip next week.4._ she is a child,we had better not blame her.5.You had better take an umbrella _ it rains.if,as/so longas,on condition that(唯一条件唯一条件),providing that=if,supposing that=if,suppose that=if,unless=ifnot,in case(如果、万一如果、万一),giv

29、en(that)(鉴于鉴于)assume/assuming that,条件状语从句的动词时态条件状语从句的动词时态不可用不可用将来时将来时,只能只能用现在或过去时用现在或过去时表示将来表示将来.if/on condition that/as(so)long asSupposing/Providing/Suppose that/IfGiven thatin caseUnless7.I do not know if he _.(come)8.If he _ I will let you know.(come)9.You will fail the exam _ you study hard.wil

30、l comeunlesscomes方式状语从句方式状语从句as if/as though,as,the way1.She stood there _(She is)waiting for somebody.2.Its cloudy,it looks as if it_(be)going to rain.3.Theyre strangers,theyre talking as though they _(be)friends./they _(be)friends for years.4.Leave the dog _ it is.5.The documents are important,lea

31、ve them _.is werehad beenasas they areas if/as though比较状语从句比较状语从句than(其前必须有比较级其前必须有比较级),asas(与原级连用与原级连用),not as/soas，the more(从句从句),the more(主句主句)1.类比对象要一致类比对象要一致.A.中国人口比日本多得多中国人口比日本多得多.1.The population of China is much larger than _of Japan.2.China has a much larger population than _.B.湘潭的街道比易俗河宽湘潭

32、的街道比易俗河宽.The streets in xiangtan are wider than _ in yisuhe.thatJapanthose2.句子结构句子结构:so/as many/much/few/little as,than 1.We have _students in our class than in that class.2.The number of the students in our class is _ than that of that class.3.We have as many students in our class as in theirs.1.我和

33、你一样没什么钱我和你一样没什么钱.a.I have as little money as you.b.My money is as much as you.2.这个厂子今年生产的机器是去年的三倍这个厂子今年生产的机器是去年的三倍The factory has produced 3 times as many machines as they did last year.more/fewerTFmany/much/few/little不做表语不做表语smaller/largerwhat引导比较状语从句引导比较状语从句 A is to B,what C is to DWhat A is to B,

34、so is C to D As A is to B,that C is to D 翻译成，翻译成，A和和B的关系正如的关系正如C和和D的关系一样的关系一样Air is to human what water is to fish.空气之于人类犹如水之于鱼空气之于人类犹如水之于鱼 让步状语从句让步状语从句though,although,even if/though(即便即便),as(尽管尽管,一定用一定用倒装语序倒装语序),no matter how/what/which/when/,whatever/however/whichever,whetheror(不管不管还还是是)1._invited

35、,I didnt go.2._the traffic hold us up,we get to the airport on time.3._ I were busy,I would go.4._ it is raining,we will go there.5._it was raining hard,yet they went on playing football.6.He said he would come,he didnt _.Though/AlthoughEven though/although Even though/ifThough/Although Even though/

36、ifthoughthough,although两词意思相同两词意思相同,一般可互换一般可互换.都都可以与可以与 yet,still,nevertheless 连用连用,不与不与but连用连用.其中其中though还可做副词还可做副词,放于放于句末句末,表示表示然而然而,可是可是之意之意.even if/though有时可用于有时可用于虚虚拟语气拟语气,用于陈述语气时用于陈述语气时强调条件强调条件,而而though,although强调强调既成事实既成事实.1.He will not reveal the secret,_ he knows it.(可能知道可能知道,也可能不知道也可能不知道)2

37、.He will not reveal the secret _ he knows it.(虽然知道虽然知道,却不说出来却不说出来)even thoughthoughYoung _she is,yet she is fit for the job.(=Though/Although she is young,)though/as 表语表语的倒装：的倒装：1.Old as I am,I can still fight.2.Difficult though the task was,they managed to finish it.3.Teacher as Michael is,he is no

38、t capable of teaching all subjects.4.Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.如果表语为如果表语为单数名词单数名词,倒装后名词前倒装后名词前不用冠词不用冠词.=Although/Though he was a child 状语状语的倒装：的倒装：5.Much as I admire him as a writer,I do not like him as a man.6.Much as he likes the bike,he doesnt want to buy it.7.

39、Hard as I studied,I could not catch up with them.谓语动词谓语动词的倒装：的倒装：8.Try as he would,he could not remember a word of it.(=No matter how he would try)9.Try as he might,he didnt pass the exam.10.Hate him as we may,we must admit his greatness.11.Search as they would,they could find nothing in the room.12

40、._ great the difficulties may be,we will never retreat.13._ the difficulties may be,they must and can be overcome.14._happens,keep calm.15._room is assigned to him,he will have no objection.16._ you are dealing with,this method is no good.17.Ill give the book to _ like English.HoweverWhatever Whatev

41、er(=no matter what)Whichever(=no matter which)Whomever(=no matter whom)Whoever(=anyone who)whetheror引导的让步状语从句：引导的让步状语从句：18.Whether he drives or(whether he)flies,he will be here on time.19.Whether you like it or not,youll have to do it.20.Whether or not it rains,Im giving a party tomorrow.21.She had

42、to go,whether or not she wanted it.if 有时也可以用于让步含义有时也可以用于让步含义,但要注意条件但要注意条件if 与让步与让步if 的区别，试比较：的区别，试比较：1.If he is poor,how can he buy the house?2.If he is poor,he is at least honest.3.If he is inexperienced,he wont be able to accomplish it.4.If he is inexperienced,he is at any rate eager to learn.(条件条

43、件)(让步让步)(=even if)(条件条件)(让步让步)(=even if)状语从句的省略：状语从句的省略：1.主语是主语是it,谓语是谓语是be If(it is)possible,he will help you out of difficulty.2.主从句的主语一致，谓语是主从句的主语一致，谓语是be (1)连系动词连系动词+adj.As(he was)young,he learned how to ride a bike.Whenever(he is)free,he often goes shopping.Work hard when(you are)young,or you w

44、ill regret.(2)连系动词连系动词+n When(he was)a young boy,he was always ready to help others.(3)连系动词连系动词+现在分词现在分词 While(she was)walking along the river bank,she was singing a pop song.(4)连系动词连系动词+过去分词过去分词 He wont go there with us unless(he was)invited.(5)连系动词连系动词+to do He stared at us as if(he were)to say so

45、mething.1.While I admit his good points,I can see his shortcomings.2.While I was reading,the light went out.3.He is idle,while his brother is diligent.1.As were both tired,lets take a rest.2.As time went on,he forgot all about it.3.She didnt get up so early as yesterday.4.Strange as it sounds,it is true.5.I saw Peter as I was getting off the bus.6.As the old saying goes,Rome was not built in a day.Good bye!