初中宾语从句的讲解与运用.ppt

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1、一教学任务一教学任务 复习宾语从句复习宾语从句 二教学重点二教学重点 1.1.宾语从句的概念宾语从句的概念 2.2.宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词 3.3.宾语从句中的语序宾语从句中的语序 4.4.宾语从句的时态变化宾语从句的时态变化 三三.教学难点教学难点1.if与与whether的区别的区别2.when与与if引导的宾语从句和状语从句引导的宾语从句和状语从句3.宾语从句与简单句的互换宾语从句与简单句的互换TheObjectClause(Revision)复习复习 宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，

2、它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。Ilikemyteacher.Ienjoyplayingbasketball.(动名词作宾语）Idecidetostudyhard.（不定式作宾语）Iknowhim.（代词作宾语）IknowMrLiteachesEnglish.(句子作宾语）Sheaskediftheanswerwasright.(句子作宾语）We know him We know he likes English.主主s s主主s s谓谓v v谓谓v v宾宾o o宾宾o o主主s

3、 s谓谓v v宾宾o o简单句简单句复合句复合句试比较问题一问题一:什么是宾语从句什么是宾语从句?宾宾 语语 从从 句句句子的宾语一般由名词、代词句子的宾语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式充当动名词或动词不定式充当含义：含义：宾语从句的三要点：宾语从句的三要点：1、引导词、引导词 2、从句语序、从句语序 3、从句的时态、从句的时态宾语从句在复合句中起宾语从句在复合句中起主句主句宾语宾语的作用，可以作的作用，可以作及物及物动词动词的宾语的宾语，也可以作，也可以作介词的宾语介词的宾语（此宾语用句子充当）（此宾语用句子充当）。作动词的宾语：作动词的宾语：I heard that he would

4、 come here later on.一个句子作一个句子作宾语宾语主语主语谓语谓语Hesaidnothingaboutwhobrokethewindowlastnight.作介词的宾语：作介词的宾语：句子结构：句子结构：主句主句 +连连接接词（引导词）词（引导词）+宾语从句宾语从句通常的引导词有：通常的引导词有：That，what，which，when，how，if，why，who，whom，howmany，howmuch，whether由从属连词由从属连词thatthat引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which，what 和连接副词 where,h

5、ow,why,when引导的宾语从句由从属连词由从属连词 whether,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句宾语从句三要素宾语从句三要素连连接接词词（引导词）（引导词）时态呼应时态呼应陈述语序陈述语序thatif/whether特殊疑问词特殊疑问词连接词连接词+主语主语+谓谓语语+其他其他一、引导词：取决于从句的语气1.从句是陈述语气时，引导词用that.2.从句是一般疑问语气时，引导词用if或whether.3.从句是特殊疑问语气时，引导词用特殊疑问词。1.（that）+陈述句陈述句2.Hethinks,“Lucylikesschool.”3.Hethinks(that）Lucylikess

6、chool.2.if/whether+一般疑问句一般疑问句1.Heasked,“WasLucylateagain?”2.HeaskedifLucywaslateagain.3.3.特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+特殊疑问句特殊疑问句4.Heasksme,“WhenwillLucycome?”HeasksmewhenLucywillcome.注注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g.1.Ihear(that)_.（一小时（一小时后他会回来）后他会回来）2.Hesaid(that)_.（他非常想念我们）（他非常想念我们）3.Theteachertoldus(that)

7、_.（地球围着太阳转）（地球围着太阳转）hewillbebackinanhour hemissedusverymuch theearthmovesaroundthesun由连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句1.Heasked.(谁谁能回答这个问题能回答这个问题）2.Doyouknow_.（他们在等他们在等谁谁）3.Heasked _.（谁的书法是班上最好的谁的书法是班上最好的）4.Pleasetellme_.（我我们什么时候开会们什么时候开会）5.Canyoutellme_.（他在哪儿他在哪儿）6.Couldy

8、outellme_.（我我该怎么去车站该怎么去车站）9.Wouldyoutellme_（为什么为什么火车迟到了火车迟到了）whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingforwhosehandwritingwasthebestintheclasswhenwellhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislate由从属连词由从属连词whether,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Iwanttoknow_.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）（他是否跟我们一起去公园）2.Askhim_

9、.（他是否能来）（他是否能来）3.Idontknow_.（是否（是否要下雨）要下雨）if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithuswhether(if)hecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornot1、当句末为、当句末为or not时，引导词只能用时，引导词只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.2、在不定式前，、在不定式前，引导词只能用引导词只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.例如：例如：I havent made up my mind whether to go there or not.Helensaysthatshewilllea

10、rnFrenchnextyear.Doyouknowwherehecomesfrom?HeaskedmeifIcouldgettothebusstationontime.二二.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序-陈述语序陈述语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用运用陈述句的语序陈述句的语序，即是，即是“主语在前，谓语在主语在前，谓语在后后”的顺序。的顺序。主句+引导词+主语+谓语动词+其他 e.ge.g :Could you tell me how Could you tell me how I can get toI can get to the

11、Science Museumthe Science Museum?He asked him where He asked him where he came fromhe came from.Did you know Did you know whatwhats the name of the s the name of the handsome boy in the classroom yesterdayhandsome boy in the classroom yesterday？Please tell me where Please tell me where I can buy the

12、 I can buy the beautiful flower.beautiful flower.请注意观察红色字体的语序三、主.从句的时态呼应1.主句是一般现在时，从句可以用任何时态。2.主句是一般过去时,从句用过去范畴的时态。3.主句是一般过去时，但从句表达的是客观真 理或自然现象时，仍然用一般现在时。e.g:He says that he is reading a book now.He said that he would work hard.They said they had been to France.The students asked me if the earth goe

13、s round the sun.宾语从句的时态变化宾语从句的时态变化Ihear(that)Jim(be)aworkertwoyearsago.Jim(be)anEnglishteachernow.Jim(cook)dinnertomorrow.Jim(sing)apopularsongnow.Jim(be)totheGreatWalltwice.Jim(play)basketballwhenhisfathercameback.Jim(learn)1000Chinesewordsbytheendoflastsemester.填一填填一填wasiswillcookissinginghasbeenw

14、asplayinghadlearned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则需要性原则）2.2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则呼应性原则）1)HewillgotoHongKong.2)Heissick.3)Heisreadingabook.4)Hehasfinishedhisw

15、ork.1)HetoHongKong.2)Hesick.3)Heabook.4)Hehiswork.Hesaid辨一辨辨一辨wouldgowaswasreadinghadfinished 3.3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。e.ge.g He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon.He said that the sun is much bigger than th

16、e moon.The teacher told the students that light travels faster The teacher told the students that light travels faster than sound.than sound.The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health.useful to our health.确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)

17、work主句时态主句时态从从句句时时态态连连接接前前连连接接后后一般现在时一般现在时时态由从句决定时态由从句决定一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现在时work一般过去时一般过去时worked一般过去时一般过去时worked过去完成时过去完成时hadworked一般将来时一般将来时willwork过去将来时过去将来时wouldwork现在进行时现在进行时isworking过去进行时过去进行时wasworking现在完成时现在完成时haveworked过去完成时过去完成时hadworked标点符号：宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑

18、问句时，句末则用问号。e.gHeaskedmeif/whetherIcouldhelphim.DoyouknowwhereLiPingis?Pleasetellmewhichcolouryoulikebest.Wouldyoupleasetelltheteacherhowoldyouare?四、宾语从句的标点符号四、宾语从句的标点符号五、宾语从句的否定形式五、宾语从句的否定形式（否定转移）（否定转移）：一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是但若主句谓语动词是think、expect、believe、gues

19、s、imagine、suppose等表示等表示“认为，猜想认为，猜想”的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中。定式转移到主句中。e.gIdontthinkitsgoingtorain.Idontbelieveshewilllendyouthemoney.但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是hope，则不适用于此规则。，则不适用于此规则。e.gIhopehewontcome.六、宾语从句的简化1.当宾语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,know,remember,forget,le

20、arn choose，tell等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：I hope that I can receive your e-mail.=I hope to receive your e-mail.我希望收到你的电子邮件。连词连词+宾语从句宾语从句 连词连词+to do+to doShedidntdecidewhichoneshewouldchoose.=Shedidntdecidewhichonetochoose.Pleasetellmewhomyoullgivetheletterto.=Pleasetellmewhomtogivetheletterto.2.动词seem后的宾语从句可用

21、不定式（短语）来简化，但句型要有适当的变化。通常将宾语从句的主语作为简化的句子的主语，seem（适当时态形式）作谓语。如：It seems that football is very interesting.=Football seems to be very interesting.足球似乎非常有趣。3.宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。如：I dont believe what Tom said.=I dont believe Toms words.我不相信汤姆说的话。1could/would是是委委婉婉语语气气，而而不不是是过过去去式式，因因此此宾宾语语从从句句的的时时态态根根据据实实际

22、际情情况况用用不不同同时态。时态。注意事项v你能告诉我在哪出使我们的票吗？你能告诉我在哪出使我们的票吗？你能告诉我在哪出使我们的票吗？你能告诉我在哪出使我们的票吗？vCouldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourCouldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?tickets?v你能告诉我们我们应该往哪个们走？你能告诉我们我们应该往哪个们走？你能告诉我们我们应该往哪个们走？你能告诉我们我们应该往哪个们走？vCouldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehaveto

23、goto?v你想知道他什么时候回来吗？你想知道他什么时候回来吗？你想知道他什么时候回来吗？你想知道他什么时候回来吗？vWouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?2.如如果果主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词是是ask时时，连连词词不不可可能能是是that；如果主句的谓语动词是；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用时，连词用thatv她说她她将在桌子上留一个便条。她说她她将在桌子上留一个便条。vShesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.v他说他将去照顾那

24、个小孩。他说他将去照顾那个小孩。vHesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.v他问我是否喜欢弹钢琴。他问我是否喜欢弹钢琴。他问我是否喜欢弹钢琴。他问我是否喜欢弹钢琴。vHe asks if I like playing the piano.He asks if I like playing the piano.He asks if I like playing the piano.He asks if I like playing the piano.v你可以去问那边那个人你怎样才能到达车站？你可以去问那边那个人你怎样才能到达车站？你可以去问那边那个

25、人你怎样才能到达车站？你可以去问那边那个人你怎样才能到达车站？vYou You You You may may may may ask ask ask ask the the the the man man man man over over over over there there there there how how how how youyouyouyou can can can can get get get get to the bus station.to the bus station.to the bus station.to the bus station.主句主句主句主

26、句从句从句从句从句一般将来时态一般将来时态一般将来时态一般将来时态 一般现在时态一般现在时态一般现在时态一般现在时态祈使句祈使句祈使句祈使句含有情态动词含有情态动词含有情态动词含有情态动词DoDo youyou knowknow ifif _back_back nextnext weekweek?IfIf hehe _back,pleaseletmeknow.back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesA.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comesD.hewill

27、come,willcomeC.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcome3.3.连词连词连词连词 ifif和和和和 whenwhen在不同从句中的区别：在不同从句中的区别：在不同从句中的区别：在不同从句中的区别：CIdontknowwhenhe_(come).Icantwaithereanymore.Whenhe_(come),wouldyoupleaseaskhimtocallme?willcomecomes宾宾语语从从句句三三要要素素引导词引导词thatthat（陈述句（陈述句 ）ififwhetherwhether（一般疑问句（一般疑问句）特殊疑问词特殊疑

28、问词（特殊疑问句（特殊疑问句)时态时态主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时主句为一般过去时从句从句一般过去时一般过去时过去将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时语序语序宾语从句的语序都为宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序陈述句语序客观真理客观真理自然现象自然现象公式定理公式定理名言警句名言警句时态不变时态不变七七.本课小结本课小结1.Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basket

29、ballatsixoclockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey_(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePartysince1948.(be)will be goes were playing has returned had been 1.6.Heaskedwhatthey_ateightlastnight.(do)2.7.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_fasterthansound.(travel)3.8.Ithinkyou_abouttherelayracenow.(talk)

30、4.9.Ididntknowwhomtheletters_from.(be)travels are talking were were doing10.Ididntknowwhattimehe_theletter.(write)11.MissWangtoldmethattheearth_(move)roundtheearth.12.Couldyoutellmewho_awaythebookalready?(take)13.LingFengtoldmehe_toseveraltimes.(be)14.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_intheeast.(rise)15

31、.Canyoutellmewhatthey_yesterday?(do)wrote moves has taken had been risesdid将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句:1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.2.Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?3.Dotheyliketomakefriendswithus?Heasked.4.“Iamdoingmyhomework.”Hesaid.I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me

32、 what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends with them.He said that he was doing his homework.将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句:5.“Iwillcomeback.”Tomsaid.6.“Ishedoinghishomework?”Jimasked.7.“Whenwillhecomeback?”Tomasked.Tom said that he would come back.Jim asked if he was doing his homework.Tom asked when he would come back.8.“HowcanIgettothestation?”Couldyoutellme?9.“Whyisthetrainlate?”Wouldyoutellme?10.“WhereisTom?”Theyasked.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was.