英语应用能力考试语法讲座doc资料.ppt

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1、英语应用能力考试语法讲座2.由由either,neither,each,one,another,anybody,anyone,anything,nothing,nobody,no one,something,everything,everyone 等作主语时。等作主语时。Eg.Everything goes on well.He has two sons.One is a teacher,the other is an engineer.3.many a 和和more than one 等作单数等作单数主语的定语时主语的定语时。Eg.Many a student wants to go the

2、re.More than one person was killedin the accident.4.表示时间、数目、价格、距离等的复表示时间、数目、价格、距离等的复数名词作主语，作为整体看待时。数名词作主语，作为整体看待时。Eg.Four hours is enough to do the experiment.Twenty years is a long time.Ten dollars is too much to pay for that shirt.Thirty feet is long enough.5.有些名词以有些名词以-s结尾，如：结尾，如：maths,physics,po

3、litics,news,等学科名词，等学科名词，抽象名词，专有名词（如：抽象名词，专有名词（如：the UnitedStates,the United Nation）等）等作主语时。作主语时。Eg.The United States was founded in 1776.Physics is very interesting.Weall like it.6.单个的动名词、不定式、主语从句作单个的动名词、不定式、主语从句作主语时。主语时。Eg.Driving a car is not so easy.To get up early is hard for me.若若and 连接两个动名词、不定

4、式短语或连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句表示两个不同概念时，谓语用主语从句表示两个不同概念时，谓语用复数。复数。Eg.Riding on the elephants and rowing the boats were the childrens favorite games.7.如果如果and 连接的两个词是指同一个人、连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一个事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用同一个事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，一个冠词，谓语动词必须用单数。谓语动词必须用单数。Eg.The teacher and writer is her friend.The singer and dan

5、cer is to attend the party.8.and连接的两个名词表示组合在一起连接的两个名词表示组合在一起的一个整体或成套的东西，的一个整体或成套的东西，若需要冠词，若需要冠词，则只能在第一个名词前加则只能在第一个名词前加a/an/the，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。常作为一个整体概念看待的组合有：常作为一个整体概念看待的组合有：bread and butter 黄油面包黄油面包bread and cheese 涂奶酪的面包涂奶酪的面包a knife and fork 一副刀叉一副刀叉a watch and chain 一只系有表带的手表一只系有表带的手表

6、a cart and horse 一辆马车一辆马车a cup and saucer 带茶托的茶杯带茶托的茶杯needle and thread 针线针线law and order 法律和秩序法律和秩序9.当当one of,a portion of,a series of,a species of,a chain of 结构作主语时，结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。谓语动词要用单数形式。1)One of those students have not passed the examination.have has2)A series of pre-recorded tapes has bee

7、n prepared for language laboratory use.谓语动词用复数的情况谓语动词用复数的情况1.表示成双成套的名词，如：表示成双成套的名词，如：trousers,shoes,glasses,compasses,socks,gloves,clothes等作主语时。等作主语时。Eg.His black trousers are much too long.Your glasses are right on your nose.Clothes keep people warm.Eg.Three pairs of socks have beenbought within a

8、week.This pair of compasses was bought in Beijing.A pair of teenage boys were smoking cigarettes.2.有些名词本身表示复数意义，其谓语有些名词本身表示复数意义，其谓语动词要用复数。如：动词要用复数。如：people,cattle,police,goods.Eg.People are talking about it everywhere.Cattle feed on grass.All the goods have arrived.3.the majority of+复数名词以及复数名词以及larg

9、e quantities of+不可数名词不可数名词/可可可数名词的复数可数名词的复数 作主语时。作主语时。Eg.The majority of boys like football.Large quantities of food were wasted.4.主语由主语由and 或或 bothand 连接，谓语连接，谓语用复数。用复数。Eg.Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop.My friend and my lawyer have caught a bad cold.The writer and the educator have vi

10、sited our school.就近原则就近原则由连词由连词or,neithernor,eitheror,not only but also等连接的并列等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式按就近主语，谓语动词的单复数形式按就近一致的原则，与贴近它的主语一致。一致的原则，与贴近它的主语一致。例如：例如：1)Either he or you like playing football.2)Either you or he likes playing football.在在there be 的结构中，谓语动词的单复的结构中，谓语动词的单复数形式一般也采取就近一致原则。例如：数形式一般也采取就近一

11、致原则。例如：1)There is a speaker and many students in Room A209.2)There are many students and a speaker in Room A209.其他情况其他情况1.如果主语后面跟有如果主语后面跟有with,together with,along with,as well as,in addition to,rather than,like,but,except,including,besides等词引导等词引导的短语时，谓语动词根据主语的单复的短语时，谓语动词根据主语的单复数而定。数而定。Eg.1.The teac

12、her as well as the students was excited.2.The beautiful girl as well as the other American young men,prefers renting apartment to living at home.3.The room with its furniturewas rented.2.由由“some of,plenty of,a lot of,most of,the rest of,all of,half of,part of或分数、百分数或分数、百分数+of+名词名词”等短语作主语时，等短语作主语时，谓语

13、动词的数常与谓语动词的数常与of后的名词保持一致。后的名词保持一致。Eg.Lots of the money has been wasted.Part of the apple is rotten.The rest of the apples belong to you.3.在在“one of+复数名词定语从句复数名词定语从句”的的结构中，定语从句一般被看作是修饰该结构中，定语从句一般被看作是修饰该复数名词复数名词的，动词要用的，动词要用复数复数形式。形式。在在“the one of+复数名词定语从句复数名词定语从句”的结构中，定语从句修饰的是的结构中，定语从句修饰的是“the only on

14、e”，因而动词要用，因而动词要用单数单数形式。形式。1)She is one of the engineers who are good at English.2)She is the only one of the engineers who are good at English.2)are is the engineers the only one of the engineers4.the+形容词作主语时，如主语指的形容词作主语时，如主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数形式；如果是一类人，谓语动词用复数形式；如果指的是单个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用指的是单个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。

15、例如：单数形式。例如：1)The blind are taught trades in special schools.2)The departed was a good friend of his.(死者是他的一个朋友。死者是他的一个朋友。)5.有些集合名词如有些集合名词如crowd,family,team,orchestra（管弦乐队）（管弦乐队）,group,government,committee,class,crew,school,union,firm,staff,public等，等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据语言它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。如果它们作为一个集

16、体单位时内容而定。如果它们作为一个集体单位时,动词用单数形式，如就其中的各个成员来动词用单数形式，如就其中的各个成员来说，则谓语用复数形式。例如：说，则谓语用复数形式。例如：1）His family is going to move.2）His family are healthy.练习练习1._ of the land in that district_ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifthis B.Two fifthareC.Two fifthsis D.Two fifthsare2.A library with five thousand bo

17、oks _ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offeredC.are offered D.have offered3.A professor and writer _ present at the meeting last Friday.A.have been B.wasC.were D.is4.My family,together with some of his old friends,_ there already.A.will be B.had beenC.have been D.has been5.No one except tw

18、o girls _(be)late for dinner last night.6.Two hours _ the limit of thistest.A.are B.has been C.have been D.iswas7.Either dye or oil paints _(use)to color cloth.8.He is one of the boys who always_ well at school.A.does B.didC.do D.doneare used9.Large quantities of water_ needed in cooling tower.A.is B.are C.has D.have10.More than seventy percent of the students here _ from the countryside.A.is B.are C.came.D.have comeGood LuckWhere there is a will,there is a way!此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢