高三一轮复习定语从句总结精选PPT讲稿.ppt

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1、关于高三一轮复习定语从句总结第一页，讲稿共八十三页哦定语的位置定语的位置Ilikethegreenteam.Iliketheteamingreen.Iliketheteamwhowerewearinggreen.第二页，讲稿共八十三页哦这是我的杯子这是我的杯子This is This is mymy cup.cup.这是装满水的杯子。这是装满水的杯子。This is the cup This is the cup full of teafull of tea.这是我喝茶用的杯子。这是我喝茶用的杯子。This is the cup This is the cup which I drink te

2、a withwhich I drink tea with.当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，就用短语；就用短语；如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。为什么用定语从句第三页，讲稿共八十三页哦定语从句的定义定语从句的定义定语从句，也称关系从句和形容词性从句，由关系代词或关系副词引导，用来限制，描绘或说明主句中的某一个名词或代词（有时也可以说明整个句子或主句中的一部分），即句子作定语。第四页，讲稿共八十三页哦The girlThe girl whowho is standing there is Mary.is standing

3、there is Mary.先行词先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系词关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。先行词先行词 +定语从句定语从句（名词名词/代词代词 ）+（关系词其他成分）（关系词其他成分）关系词关系词引导定语从句引导定语从句,起着起着连接主从句连接主从句，指代先行词指代先行词和和在从句中作句子成分在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。的三重作用。先行词关系词定语从句第五页，讲稿共八十三页哦1.连接作用:引导从句并同时连接主句.2.指代作用:在从句中指代它前面的先行词.3.成分作用:在从句中充当成分.如:主语(who,that

4、,which);宾语(who,whom,which,that);表语(that,as);定语(whose,of whom/which);时间状语(when),地点状语(where)和原因状语(why).说明:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略,其他成分一般不可省略.第六页，讲稿共八十三页哦判断是定语从句的三要素1.看是否有先行词。2 看是否有关系词。3 看是否关系词在定语从句中做成分。第七页，讲稿共八十三页哦This is This is the cupthe cup whichwhich I drink tea with.I drink tea with.The girlThe girl who

5、who is standing thereis standing there is Mary.is Mary.This is This is the scientistthe scientist whosewhose name is known all over the country.name is known all over the country.先行词关系词定语从句先行词关系词定语从句先行词关系词定语从句关系词在定语从句中做主语关系词在定语从句里做宾语。关系词在定语从句中做定语。关系词在定语从句中做定语。第八页，讲稿共八十三页哦October 1,1949 was the day w

6、hen the Peoples Republic of China was founded.This is the place where my mother was born.I dont know the reason why she looks unhappy today先行词关系词定语从句关系副词在定语从句中时间状语。先行词关系词关系副词在定语从句中地点状语。定语从句先行词关系词关系副词在定语从句中原因状语。定语从句第九页，讲稿共八十三页哦引导定语从句的关系代词thatthat人人+物物否whose/of whichwhose 作定语 是which/thatWho(m)/that 作宾

7、语否是否可略是否可略which/thatwho/that 作主语物物人人 句子成分先行词作表语作表语thatthat/which是第十页，讲稿共八十三页哦在定语从句中用什么关系词的方法1.看先行词是什么.2.看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分.主语(who,that,which);宾语(who,whom,which,that);表语(that,as);定语(whose,of whom/which);时间状语(when),地点状语(where)和原因状语(why).第十一页，讲稿共八十三页哦Titanic is the ship _ sank after hitting

8、 an iceberg.that/which第十二页，讲稿共八十三页哦Rose and Jack are the lovers _ met on the ship.who/that第十三页，讲稿共八十三页哦3.The house they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.1.The earthquake hit the city in 2008 was the biggest in Chinese history.2.We dont know the number of people lost their homes in 1906 eart

9、hquakethat/which that/who（which/that）第十四页，讲稿共八十三页哦4.Thestudentsaretalkingaboutthestrangestoriesandpersons_theymetinthevillage.5.Harryistheboy_motherisourmathsteacher.6.Luckilynoneofthepeople_Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.(who/whom/that)whose(that)第十五页，讲稿共八十三页哦1.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时用先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时用that，

10、而不用，而不用whichThefirstplace_theyvisitedwasYangzhou.Thisisthethirdfilm_hasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.Themostimportantthing_shouldbedonenowistostudyEnglish.(that)thatthat(that)Thisisthebestfilm_Ihaveseen.2.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时用先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时用that，而用而用which第十六页，讲稿共八十三页哦.先行词由指人和指物的名词并列构成时用先行词由指人和指物的名词并列构成时用

11、that，而，而不用不用whichThewriterandhisnovel_youhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown.Thebikeanditsrider_hadrunoveranoldwomanwereheldupbythepolice.Thereisnothing_theywanttobuy.Thatisall_Iwanttosay.(that)(that)(that)that4.先行词是先行词是all,much,little,few,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等不定代词用等不定代

12、词用that，而不用，而不用which第十七页，讲稿共八十三页哦5.先行词被先行词被any,few,little,no,all,oneof,thesame,thevery,theonly,justthe等词修等词修饰时饰时The only thing _ we could do was to wait.This is one of the presents _ my boy friend gavemeonmybirthday.6 .如有主句含两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已如有主句含两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用用whichwhich，另一个关系代词则宜用，另一个关系代词则宜用that,t

13、hat,以避免语言的以避免语言的单调或重复。单调或重复。Edison built up a factory which produced things _ had never been seen before.(that)(that)that第十八页，讲稿共八十三页哦7.主句已有疑问词主句已有疑问词which时时,避免与先行词重复。避免与先行词重复。Whichisthebook_heputherejustnow?that8.主句是主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that指代物。指代物。Theres stillaseatinthecornertha

14、tisstillfree。第十九页，讲稿共八十三页哦10.被修饰词为数词时。被修饰词为数词时。YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwo thatarestillalive.第二十页，讲稿共八十三页哦先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词宜先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词宜用用that，不宜用，不宜用which的情况：的情况：第二十一页，讲稿共八十三页哦先行词指物时先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词定语从句中关系代词宜用宜用whichwhich而不宜用而不宜用thatthat的情况的情况 This is the li

15、berary fromwhichI borrowed the book.Is this the room in which Mr White lives?Crusoes dog,which was now very old,became ill and died.1、当关系代词前面有介词时，且关系代词一律不、当关系代词前面有介词时，且关系代词一律不能省略。能省略。2、在非限制性定语从句中。、在非限制性定语从句中。第二十二页，讲稿共八十三页哦 3、当关系代词指代前面整个句子时当关系代词指代前面整个句子时He passed the exam,_ made his father very happy

16、.which第二十三页，讲稿共八十三页哦小结：关系代词指物时用法要点第二十四页，讲稿共八十三页哦定语从句中先行词指物宜用定语从句中先行词指物宜用that，不宜用，不宜用which的情况的情况.1.1.先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词时先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词时.2.2.先行词是序数词先行词是序数词,或它前面有一个序数词时或它前面有一个序数词时.3.3.先行词既有人又有物时先行词既有人又有物时4.4.先行词是先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,all,much,little,something,eve

17、rything,anything,nothing,none,the onenothing,none,the one等代词时等代词时5.5.先行词先行词any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very,the only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very,the only,just thejust the等词修饰时等词修饰时6.6.如有主句含两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用如有主句含两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用另一个关系代词则宜用that,以避免语言的单调

18、或重复。以避免语言的单调或重复。7.7.主句已有疑问词主句已有疑问词whichwhich时时8.8.主句是主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that指代指代物。物。9.被修饰词为数词时。被修饰词为数词时。第二十五页，讲稿共八十三页哦先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词宜用先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词宜用which而不而不宜用宜用that的情况的情况。1.1.关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时,只用只用whichwhich，且关系代词一且关系代词一律不能省略。律不能省略。2.2.在非限定性定语从句中，只用在非限定性定语从句中，只用whichwhich，

19、不用，不用thatthat。3.3.当关系代词指代前面整个句子时。当关系代词指代前面整个句子时。第二十六页，讲稿共八十三页哦 先行词指人时先行词指人时定语从句中关系代词定语从句中关系代词宜用宜用whowho而不宜用而不宜用thatthat的情况：的情况：、先行词为、先行词为one,ones,anyone或或those时。时。The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well.Anyone who failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his r

20、eason.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once.第二十七页，讲稿共八十三页哦2.在在There be结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用 关系代词关系代词who指代人。指代人。Theres a gentleman who wants to see you.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clause.第二十八页，讲稿共八十三页哦

21、关系代词与介词关系代词与介词 1.1.当介词放在关系代词前时，介词宾语只能用当介词放在关系代词前时，介词宾语只能用whichwhich代物代物，whomwhom代人代人。且关系代词一律不能。且关系代词一律不能省略。省略。(固定短语中的介词不可提前固定短语中的介词不可提前)例如：例如：I want to find the pen I want to find the pen with whichwith which I wrote I wrote that letter.that letter.2.2.介词在末尾时，可用介词在末尾时，可用that/whichthat/which（代物），（代物）

22、，that/whom/whothat/whom/who（代人）做介词的宾语，且这（代人）做介词的宾语，且这个介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。个介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。例如：例如：The man The man whom/who/that/whom/who/that/可省可省 he wants he wants to see is in Shanghai.to see is in Shanghai.第二十九页，讲稿共八十三页哦关系代词关系代词as引导限制性定语从句引导限制性定语从句 Shewearsthe same kind of clothesashersisterwears.(不是同一件不是

23、同一件)(Cf.SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMaryswedding.（同一件）（同一件）Suchpeopleaswererecommendedbyhimwerereliable.)Heis asgreatapainteraseverlived.Inthecity,IoncesawsograndaNationalDaycelebrationasIneverdreamtof.第三十页，讲稿共八十三页哦.定语从句的分类定语从句的分类：（1 1）限定性定语从句）限定性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，如果：与先行词关系密切，如果 没有定没有定语从句，主句含混不清，不完整

24、。限定性定语从句与先行词之间语从句，主句含混不清，不完整。限定性定语从句与先行词之间无逗号无逗号。（2 2）非限定性定语从句）非限定性定语从句：是先行词的一个附加语，对先行：是先行词的一个附加语，对先行词起进一步说明作用，如果删掉它，主句的意义仍然是完整的。词起进一步说明作用，如果删掉它，主句的意义仍然是完整的。非限定性定语从句与先行词之间非限定性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号有逗号。第三十一页，讲稿共八十三页哦This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。The house,which we bought last mont

25、h,is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（一）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（一）（限制性）（限制性）（非限制性）（非限制性）第三十二页，讲稿共八十三页哦 1.which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个整个句子句子的情况或主句的某一部分某一部分。2.有时as也可用作关系代词。3.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who,whom代表人，用which代表事物。非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句第三十三页，讲稿共八十三页哦as与与which引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句WhereverImethim,whichwasfa

26、irlyfrequent,Ilikedhissweethopefulsmile.Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.第三十四页，讲稿共八十三页哦Asisoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.Grammar,ashasbeensaidbefore,isnotasetofdeadrules.Heisabitoutofhismind,asallthosewhoknowhimcansee.Asapoetpointsout,lifeisbutadream.Thematerialiselastic,as

27、(is)showninthefigure.第三十五页，讲稿共八十三页哦1.which（它所引导的定语从句只能放在先（它所引导的定语从句只能放在先行词后）行词后）2.as（它所引导的定语从句放在先行词前（它所引导的定语从句放在先行词前后都可以，并可翻译成后都可以，并可翻译成“正如正如”）第三十六页，讲稿共八十三页哦关系代词关系代词asas的用法及其与的用法及其与whichwhich的区别。的区别。关系代词关系代词as可以放在句子的开头，可以使用被动语态，而关可以放在句子的开头，可以使用被动语态，而关系代词系代词which则不可以。请比较则不可以。请比较：1.Ourdepartmentwillho

28、ldthemeeting,asisknownbyus.第三十七页，讲稿共八十三页哦as在引导非限制性定语从句时的常用短语有：在引导非限制性定语从句时的常用短语有：as is well known as we all knowas may be imagined as is expectedas we had expected as is often the case第三十八页，讲稿共八十三页哦1._weallknow,heisafamousscientist.2._isexpected,heisadiligentboy.1._everyoneknows,itisnecessarytobuild

29、ahospitalinthissmalltown.2.Itisnecessarytobuildahospitalinthissmalltown,_iscleartous.3.Ourdepartmentwillholdthemeeting,_isknownbyus.AsAsAswhichas第三十九页，讲稿共八十三页哦关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句先观察下面各句，尝试总结一下先观察下面各句，尝试总结一下红色部分红色部分的用法。的用法。1)Do you remember the days when/in which I stayed with you in the USA?2)The

30、 factory where/in which he worked for twenty years is closing down.3)The reason why/for which he was late for school was that he didnt catch the bus.你还记得我和你在美国共度的那些日子吗？他效力了20年的那个工厂倒闭了。他之所以迟到，原因是没赶上公交车。第四十页，讲稿共八十三页哦小结归纳小结归纳 when 通常放在表示时间的名词(先行词)后引导定语从句，如句1）；where放在表示地点的名词(先行词)后引导定语从句，如句2）；why经常放在reas

31、on(先行词)的后面来引导定语从句，如句3）；第四十一页，讲稿共八十三页哦关系副词关系副词when,where,why的用法的用法 关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子不缺关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子不缺少主语或宾语时，并能够完整地表达一个意思时，这时我少主语或宾语时，并能够完整地表达一个意思时，这时我们不需要关系代词，就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副们不需要关系代词，就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词。词。第四十二页，讲稿共八十三页哦2.先行词和关系副词的种类先行词和关系副词的种类先行词关系副词地点状语时间状语原因状语wherewhenwhy关系副词关系副词=介词

32、介词+which第四十三页，讲稿共八十三页哦关系副词关系副词when,where,why和介词和介词+which的关的关系系关系副词关系副词when,where,why可用适当的介词可用适当的介词+which来替代来替代。如：如：when=in/on/at+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+whichPs:介词的选用取决于先行词和定语从句中的动词。介词的选用取决于先行词和定语从句中的动词。介词的位介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。（注意固定短语中介词的位置注意固定短语中介词的位置）

33、第四十四页，讲稿共八十三页哦whenwhen在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词介词 +which”+which”。Ill never forget the day when I joined the army.on whichJim still remembers the happy time when we got together last year.during whichIt is 1st Oct.when we celebrate our nations birthday.on which第四十五页，讲稿共八十三页哦wherewhere在定语从句中作地

34、点状语，相当于在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词介词 +which”+which”。This is the house where I lived two years ago.in whichWe got the station early where we saw Tom off.at which第四十六页，讲稿共八十三页哦whywhy在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词介词 for+which”for+which”。Do you know the reason why she was late.for whichShe will never tell us

35、the reasons why she married such an old man.for which第四十七页，讲稿共八十三页哦1.Iwontforgetthetime_Igotmarried.2.Haveyoustillrememberthedays_westayedtogether?3.Thisistheplace_wehadagoodtime.4.Isthisthehouse_Mr.Smithlives?5.Idontknowthereason_hewontjoinus.6.Doyouknowthereason_hedidntcometosweeptheclassroom?when

36、inwhichwhenonwhichwhereduringwhichwhereinwhichwhyforwhichwhyforwhich第四十八页，讲稿共八十三页哦关系副词关系副词when,where和关系代词和关系代词that,which的区的区分分同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用wherewhere，有时使用，有时使用that/whichthat/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用whenwhen，有时使用有时使用that/whichthat/which同样是修饰同样是修饰reasonreason，有时使用，有时使用whywhy，有

37、时使用，有时使用that.that.主要看：主要看：从句意思是否完整；完整的话需用关系副词做状从句意思是否完整；完整的话需用关系副词做状语，若意思不完整则需加关系代词充当某个成分。语，若意思不完整则需加关系代词充当某个成分。第四十九页，讲稿共八十三页哦请比较以下句子请比较以下句子：Thisisthepark_wevisitedlastyear.Thisisthepark_weheldabirthdayparty.Thatsthedate_shewontforgetforever.Thatsthedate_wewenttothecollege.Ilikethetime_wehadtogether

38、.Ilikethetime_welivedtogether.Thisisthereason_heexplainedforhiscarelessnessinhiswork.Thisisthereason_hedidso.(that)whywhen从句意思不完整需要加宾语从句意思不完整需要加宾语where（从句完整，只需加上特的关系副词做状语）（从句完整，只需加上特的关系副词做状语）thatthatthatwhen第五十页，讲稿共八十三页哦一些特殊词之后的一些特殊词之后的where解析：如果定语从句分别修饰解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,stage,part,condit

39、ion和和case等表示抽象意义的词，等表示抽象意义的词，常用常用where引导，意思是引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。1.IvecometothepointwhereIcantstandhim.2.Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.1.Weshouldgototheplace_wearemostneeded.2.Weshouldgototheplace_needsusmost.A.itB.whereC.thatD.what1B 2C第五十一页，讲稿共八十三页哦关系代词关系代词

40、that和和which在定语从句中充在定语从句中充当主语或宾语当主语或宾语关系副词关系副词when/where/why分别在定分别在定语从句中充当时间状语，语从句中充当时间状语，地点状语和地点状语和原因状语。原因状语。第五十二页，讲稿共八十三页哦关系词先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系代词that人/物主、宾which物主、宾who人主、宾whom人宾whose人/物定关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语第五十三页，讲稿共八十三页哦定语从句易混句型第五十四页，讲稿共八十三页哦1.I still remember the days _ I worked with th

41、e farmers.I still remember the days _ I spent with the farmersA.which B.on which C.when D.what2.We were on the way _ it began to rain.I dont like the way _ you speak to your parents.A.when B.that C.how D.which 第五十五页，讲稿共八十三页哦3.The teacher didnt know the reason _ she was absent yesterday.The teacher c

42、ouldnt accept the reason _ she explained yesterday.A.how B.why C.that D.who4.Is this school _ you ever visited?Is this the school _ you ever studied?Is this the school in _ you ever studied?A.where B.which C.that D.the one第五十六页，讲稿共八十三页哦5.This is _ he said at he meeting yesterday.This is all_ he said

43、 at the meeting yesterday.A.that B.which C.what D.how6._ is reported in the newspapers,they have beaten all the other teams._ is reported in the newspaper that they have beaten all the other teams._ is reported in the newspaper is that they have beaten all the other teams.A.It B.As C.Which D.What 第五

44、十七页，讲稿共八十三页哦7.That is the house,_ windows hasnt been cleaned for months.That is the house,_ the windows hasnt been cleaned for months.That is the house,but _ windows hasnt been cleaned for months.A.its B.its C.whose D.of which第五十八页，讲稿共八十三页哦8.John said hed been working in the office for hours,_ true.

45、John said hed been working in the office for hours,but _ true.A.he was B.it was C.which was D.who was 第五十九页，讲稿共八十三页哦这是我们曾经住过的房子 这是他们去年建的房子我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京的日子This is the house where/in which we once lived.This is the house which/that they built last year.Ill never forget the days when/on which we staye

46、d in Beijing.第六十页，讲稿共八十三页哦汉译英1.你还记得我们一起在乡下度过的假期吗？2.这是我父亲从前工作过的工厂。3.我找不到他离开这儿的原因。4.我知道一个我们可以玩的开心的地方。5.那就是他10年前住过的房子。6.那就是我去美国的那一年。第六十一页，讲稿共八十三页哦1.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella._Igotwetthrough.A.ItsthereasonB.ThatswhyC.ThereswhyD.Itshow2.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,_ofgreatimportancetoscience.

47、A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis3.Hewasveryrudetothecustomsofficer,_ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.A.WhoB.whomC.whatD.whcihThats whywhich I think iswhich历届高考定语从句例题历届高考定语从句例题第六十二页，讲稿共八十三页哦4.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _ stands the famoustower.A.thatB.whe

48、reC.whichD.there5.Theboss_departmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolooksdownuponwomen.A.inwhichB.inthatC.inwhoseD.whose6.Idontlike_youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhichwherein whosethe way历届高考定语从句例题历届高考定语从句例题第六十三页，讲稿共八十三页哦7.He lived in London for 3 months,during _ time he learned

49、someEnglish.A.thisB.whichC.thatD.same8.Onthewallhungapicture,_colorisblue.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.whichD.its9.Whenever I met him,_ was fairly often;I like his sweet andhopefulsmile.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whenwhichwhosewhich历届高考定语从句例题历届高考定语从句例题第六十四页，讲稿共八十三页哦10.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay

50、,_,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.AwhoBwhichCthisDwhat(2000)11._hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.WhichwhichAs 历届高考定语从句例题历届高考定语从句例题第六十五页，讲稿共八十三页哦 Practice 1.Is this laboratory _ the students visited yesterday.Is Is this this the the laboratory laboratory _ _ the the