英文合同写作ppt课件.ppt

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1、Dr.Aihu WangSchool of Business AdministrationMobile：Email:资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值q英文经济合同的写作不是基础英语的写作，也不是简单的英文商务信函的写作，而是正式的法律文件的写作。对外经济合同对外经济合同资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值1.The Appendix hereto shall,through the contract period,b

2、e deemed(被认为)to be construed(理解)as part of this Contract.整个合同期间，本合同的附件应被视为合同的一部分予以解释。2.The headings and marginal notes in these conditions shall not be deemed part thereof or be taken into consideration in the interpretation or construction thereof or of the Contract.本合同条件中的标题和旁注不应视为合同文本的一部分，在合同条件或合

3、同本身的理解或解释中也不应考虑这些标题和旁注。Construction 比 explanation 要正式。3.The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price.业主特此立约保证向承包人支付合同总价，以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。Covenants是法律用词，意为签订有法律约束力的正式合同。对

4、外经济合同中英文的语言特点对外经济合同中英文的语言特点使用正式的法律用词使用正式的法律用词资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值q对一些关键性的词采用同义词连用以克服由于英语词一词多意可能产生的语意不明、避免合同双方按各自的意图来理解合同条文。1.This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B.本协议由甲方和乙方签订。2.The Contractor shall,without limiting his or

5、 the Employees obligations and responsibilities under Clause 20,insure the Works,together with materials and plant for incorporation therein,to the full replacement cost.在不限制第20条中规定的承包人和业主的义务和责任的条件下，承包人应该以全部重置成本对工程、用于工程中的材料和工程配套设备进行保险。Construction 比 explanation 要正式。对外经济合同中英文的语言特点对外经济合同中英文的语言特点同义词连用同

6、义词连用资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值qThe Engineer shall have authority to issue to the Contractor,from time to time,such supplementary Drawings and instructions as shall be necessary for the purpose of the proper and adequate execution and completion of the works and th

7、e remedying of any defects therein.工程师有权随时向承包人发出为合理和恰当施工，竣工及修补工程中的缺陷所必须的补充图纸和指示。q“施工，竣工及修补工程中的缺陷”用了两个and(execution and completion of the works and the remedying of any defects)。q根据一般国际承包工程的做法以及国际工程承包法规（FIDIC合同条款）的规定，工程分为两个阶段完成：v第一个阶段为：设计、施工和竣工。完成后承包人获得业主签发的移交证书(Taking-over Certificate)。v第二个阶段为修补工程中的

8、缺陷。完成后承包人获得业主签发的缺陷责任证书(Defects Liability Certificate)。届时，承包人和业主双方的合同义务都已解除。q若用execution，completion of the works and the remedying of any defects，则意味着两个阶段合并为一个阶段，使承包人该移交的工程不能交出去。对外经济合同中英文的语言特点对外经济合同中英文的语言特点外语与相关的专业知识和国际法知识相结合外语与相关的专业知识和国际法知识相结合资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金

9、的时间价值q进行对外经济合同文件写作时，在用词上不但要求准确，而且要求简洁。q英语中某些副词如“here”和“where”在法律文件中往往当作前缀，与另外一个词构成一个正式法律词汇中的副词，在法律文件中用这些词，可以避免重复，使行文准确、简洁。q对外经济合同文件是法律文件，为了维护法律的权威性，在进行此类文件的英文写作时，常常使用那些我们平时不常用的、法律文件中专用的正式词汇。措词措词资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值qHereby:by means of;by reason of this.特此，因此，

10、兹。1.The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the C

11、ontract.业主特立此约保证在合同规定的期限内，按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价，或合同规定的其它应支付的款项，以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。2.We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein（在声明中）,and that we agree to provide documentary proof up

12、on your request.特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，应贵方要求出具证明文件。措词措词hereby资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值qThis contract is hereby made and concluded by and betweenCo.(hereinafter referred to as Party A)and Co.(hereinafter referred to as Party B)on(data),in(Pla

13、ce),China,on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable consultation.q本合同双方，公司(以下称甲方)与公司(以下称乙方)于(日期)在中国(地点),本着平等互利和友好协商的原则特签订本合同。措词措词hereby资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值qHereof:of this,关于此点，在本文中。qThe terms,conditions and provisions hereof：本合同的条件

14、和条款。1.Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall,in accordance with the provisions hereof（本法所称）,cover such legal entities and other organizations as are engaged in foreign trade dealings.本法所称的对外贸易经营者是指依照本法规定从事对外贸易经营活动的法人和其他组织。2.This decision shall apply to the crimes committed against Arti

15、cle 9,Article 10 and Article 11 hereof by the staff and workers of enterprises other than limited liability companies and companies limited by shares.有限责任公司和股份有限公司以外的企业职工有本决定第九条、第十条和第十一条规定的犯罪行为的，适用本决定。措词措词hereof资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值qHereto:to this,至此，在此上。在表示上

16、文已提及的“本合同的本文件的”时，使用该词。qThe parties hereto:本合同双方qAppendix 4 hereto:本协议附件41.All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract shall,through amicable negotiations,be settled by the Parties hereto.Should,through negotiation,no settlement be reached,the case in question shall then be submitted f

17、or arbitration to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission,Beijing and the arbitration rules of this Commission shall be applied.The award of this arbitration shall be final and binding upon the Parties hereto.The Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party unless oth

18、erwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission.对于因履行本合同所发生的一切争议，本合同双方应通过友好协商解决，如协商无法解决争议，则应将争议提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（北京），依据其仲裁规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局性的，对双方都有约束力。仲裁费用应由败诉方承担，但仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外。措词措词hereto资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值2.“Patented Technology”means such patent,and such applicati

19、ons for the patent as are presently owned or will hereafter be acquired in the future by Party B,or as Party B has or may have the right to control,or as are permitted to be transferred during the effective period of this Contract in any or all countries of the world,and as are applicable to or may

20、be used in the manufacture of Contract Products specified by the Parties hereto.“专利技术”系指乙方目前拥有的或未来获得的，或乙方有权或可能有控制权的，或在本合同有效期在世界任何国家许可转让的，适用于或可能适用制造本合同双方规定的本合同产品的专利和专利申请。措词措词hereto资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值qHerein:in this.此中，于此。在表示上文已提及的“本合同（中）的本文件（中）的”时，使用该词。1.The

21、 term“company”mentioned herein refers to such a limited liability company or such a company limited by shares as are established within the territory of China in accordance with this Law.本法所称公司是指依照本法在中国境内设立的有限责任公司和股份有限公司。2.The term“FOB”,“CFR”or“CIF”shall be subject to the“International Rules for the

22、 Interpretation of Trade Terms”(INCOTERMS,2000)provided by International Chamber of Commerce(ICC)unless otherwise specified herein(in this Contract).除非本合同另有规定，“FOB”,“CFR”或“CIF”均应依照国际商会制定的国际贸易术语解释通则（INCOTERMS）2000办理。“FOB”(free on board)(Named port of shipment)船上交货()“CFR”(cost and freight):成本加运费“CIF”(

23、cost,insurance and fright):成本、保险加运费措词措词herein 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值qHereinafter:later in the same Contract.以下，在下文。一般与to be referred to as,referred to as,called 等词组连用，以避免重复。qWhen existing Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures,Chinese-foreign cooperative joint

24、ventures and wholly foreign-owned enterprises(hereinafter referred to as“enterprise with foreign investment”)apply to reorganize themselves into a company,the enterprises with foreign investment shall have a record of making profits for the recent three consecutive years.已设立的中外合资企业、中外合作企业和外商独自企业（以下简

25、称外商投资企业），如申请转变为公司的，应有最近连续3年的盈利记录。措词措词hereinafter 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值qtherein:in that,in that particular context,in that respect.在那里，在那点上，在那方面。在表示上文已提及的“合同中的，工程中的”等时，可以使用该词。qThe contractor shall not,without the prior consent of the Employer,assign the Contra

26、ct or any part thereof,or any benefit or interest therein or thereunder,otherwise than by:没有业主的事先同意，承包人不得将合同或合同的任何部分，或合同中或合同名下的任何利益或好处进行转让，但下列情况除外：vTherein:in the contractvThereunder:under the contract措词措词therein 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值qthereof:of that,of it.由此

27、，其。在表示已提及的“人或事的”时，可以使用该词。q“Tests on Completion”means such tests specified in the Contract or otherwise agreed by and between the Engineer and the Contractor as shall be made by the Contractor before the Employer takes over the Works or any section or part thereof.竣工检验指合同规定的或由工程师与承包人另行商定的检验。这些检验是由承包人

28、在业主接收工程或工程的任何部分之前进行的。qIf this Agreement is terminated for any reason whatsoever,all such drawings,transparencies,specifications,and any other manufacturing or engineering information as are supplied by Party A,including all the copies thereof,shall be returned to Party A,and Party B shall cease to m

29、anufacture the said Licensed Products or Components,or parts of the Licensed Products.如本协议因任何理由而终止，所有甲方提供的图纸、图片、规格以及其他全部生产和操作资料，包括全部复制品，均返还甲方，同时，乙方应停止生产上述许可证产品或部件或零件。措词措词thereof 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值qThereafter:after that,此后，之后qThereto：to that,随附，附之qTherewith

30、:with that,与此，与之qTherefor,:for that,因之，为此qThereunder:under that,在其下，依照措词措词thereafter,thereto,therewith,therefor,thereunder 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值q“Contract Products”means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract,together with all improvements and

31、modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto.“合同产品”指本合同附件2中规定的产品及其改进和开发的产品。qThe Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable.借款人未能支付根据该协议规定到期应付的款项。qThe decision and award of the arbitration tribunal shall be final,and judgment on the

32、decision and award in question may,under the request of either party to the Contract,be made by any court having jurisdiction.The parties thereto shall,in good faith,comply with the decision and award of the arbitration tribunal.仲裁庭的仲裁决定或裁决是终局性的，任何一方可以要求任何有管辖权的法院对此做出司法判决。双方须以良好的诚信态度遵守仲裁庭的决定。措词措词ther

33、eafter,thereto,therewith,therefor,thereunder 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值qWhareas:considering that,鉴于，就而论。常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。qWhereas Party B has the right and agrees to grant Party A the rights to use,manufacture and sell the Contract Products of Patent

34、ed Technology;qWhereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products;qThe Representatives authorized by the Parties to this Contract have,through friendly negotiation,agreed to enter into this Contract under the terms,conditions and provision

35、s specified as follows:q鉴于乙方有权并同意将专利技术的合同产品使用权、制造权和销售权授予甲方；q鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品；q双方授权代表经友好协商，同意就以下条款签订本合同：措词措词whereas 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值qWhareby:by the agreement,by the following terms and conditions,凭此协议，凭此条款。常用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。qA sales cont

36、ract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object.买卖合同是出卖人转让标的物的所有权于买受人，买受人支付价款的合同。qA contract for supply and use of electricity refers to a contract whereby the supplier of electricity supplies electricity to t

37、he user of electricity,and the user of electricity pays the electric fee.供用电合同是供电人向用电人供电，用电人支付电费的合同。措词措词whereby 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值qnotwithstanding:prep.In spit of 尽管；adv.Nevertheless 仍然。比although正式。qThe Works shall be measured net,notwithstanding any gener

38、al or local custom,except where otherwise provided for in the contract.无论通常的和当地的习惯如何，工程计量应该计算净值，但合同另有规定的除外。qNotwithstanding the provisions of this Clause or any other Clause of the Contract,no payment certificates shall be issued by the Engineer until the performance security is submitted by the Con

39、tractor under the Contract and approved by the Employer.尽管有本条款或任何其它合同条款的规定，在承包人提交履约保证并经业主批准之前，工程师不对任何支付款开具证书。措词措词notwithstanding 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值q在合同等法律文件中，表示强制性承担法律或合同义务，如表示“应该”或“必须”做某事时，应用“shall”，而决不能用“must”或“should”。q在表示“应该”或“必须”时，有时也可以用will，但力度要比shal

40、l弱。qShould在法律文件中往往用作if,只表示“如果”之意。qThe board meeting shall be called and presided over by the Chairman.Should the Chairman be absent,the vice-Chairmen shall,in principle,call and preside over the board meeting.董事会应由董事长召集并主持，若董事长缺席，原则上应由副董事长召集主持。措词措词shall 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的

41、这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值qUnless otherwise:除非。比if not 和 otherwise 正式。qUnless otherwise expressly specified in the Contract,the Engineer shall have no authority to relieve the Contractor of any of his obligations under the Contract.除非在合同中明确规定，工程师无权解除合同规定的承包人的任何义务。qUnless otherwise specified in the credit,bank

42、s will accept transport documents indicating the third party other than the beneficiary of the credit as the consignor of the goods.除非信用证另有规定，银行将接受表明以信用证受益人以外的第三者作为发货人的运输单据。短语与词组短语与词组unless otherwise 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值qOn the FOB basis,the Buyer shall book

43、 shipping space in accordance with the date of shipment specified in the Contract.按照FOB条款，由买方负责根据合同规定的装运日期预定舱位。qWhen,under the laws and approval from the relevant authorities,a limited liability company is converted into a company limited by shares,the total amount which shares are converted into sh

44、all be equivalent to the amount of the companys net assets.有限责任公司依法经批准更为股份有限公司时，折合的股份总额应当相当于公司的净资产额。短语与词组短语与词组in accordance with,under,pursuant to:根据，依照根据，依照 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值q比about,concerning,as regards 正式。qIn respect thereof 在表示关于上文已提及的事项时使用。qThe contr

45、actor has included a claim in respect thereof in his Final Statement.承包人已在其最终报告中，包括了对此事的索赔。qBank charges in respect of transfers are payable by the first beneficiary unless otherwise specified by the bank.The transferring bank shall have no obligations to effect the transfer until such charges are p

46、aid.除非银行另有规定，有关转让的银行费用应由第一受益人支付。在该费用付清之前，转让行无办理转让的义务。短语与词组短语与词组in respect of,in respect thereof:关于关于 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值qIn the event that either party hereto fails to comply with the terms or conditions of this Agreement,and,within 90 days after the writte

47、n notice is issued by the other Party hereto,fails to remedy such failure,the Party giving notice may,forthwith,notify the other Party of the matter in question and terminate this Agreement.若任何一方未能履行本协议规定的条款或条件，并在收到另一方书面通知后90天内未对其不履行进行补救，发出通知的一方可立即通知另一方终止本协议。qEither Party hereto may terminate this A

48、greement in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of the other party.本协议任何一方可以在对方破产或资不抵债的情况下终止本协议。短语与词组短语与词组in the event that,in the event of,如果，如果如果，如果发生发生 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值q该词组常用于在合同的某一条款中需要作进一步规定时，或在规定时语气上表示转折时。qThe Engineer may exercise such autho

49、rity as is specified or necessarily implied in the Contract.Provided that if,under the terms and conditions of the appointment by the Employer,the Engineer shall be required to obtain the specific approval of the Employer before exercising any such authority,the details of the requirements in questi

50、on shall be specified in the Contract.工程师可行使合同中规定的或者合同中必然隐含的权力。但是，如果根据业主任命工程师的条件，要求工程师在行使上述权力之前，应得到业主的具体批准，则此类要求的细节应在本合同予以表明。短语与词组短语与词组provided that,但规定，规定；但是但规定，规定；但是 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值q正式用语，比be believed,be considered 正式。qIn the absence of such indication