2021年华北电力大学871语言学及文学考研真题.docx

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1、华北电力大学华北电力大学 871 语言学及文学语言学及文学 2021 年硕士研究生入学考试试题及答案年硕士研究生入学考试试题及答案A.A.语言学部分语言学部分1.synchronic;diachronic2.Sociolinguistics3 displacement4.Semantics5.Simile6.Situational7.Contrastive analysis8.Innateness9.Illocutionary act Definition explanation1.PragmaticsIt is the study of meaning in context.It deals

2、 with particular utterances inparticular situations and is especially concerned with the various ways in which themany social contexts of language can influence interpretation.2.PsycholinguisticsIt investigates the interrelation of language and mind,in processing andproducing utterances and in langu

3、age acquisition for example.It studies languagedevelopment in the child,such as the theories of language acquisition,biologicalfoundations of language,and the relationship between language and cognition.There is also the psycholinguistic study of grammar.3.Duality4.MorphemeMorpheme is the smallest u

4、nit in terms of relationship between expressions andcontent,a unit cannot be divided without destroying or drastically alter the meaning,whether it is lexical or grammatical.5.Interlanguage6.FossilizationFor most oof us the acquisition of second language is less spectacular.If we arepast the age of

5、around 7-10 years,the acquition of an L2,in marked contrast to theway we acquired our first language can turn out to be rather slow,laborious and,even in talented L2 learners,tends to stop short of native-like proficiency.This“stopping short”has been referred to as fossilization.7.Relevance Theory8.

6、RegisterAccording to Halliday,“Language varies as its function varies;it differs indifferent situations.”The type of language which is selected as appropriate to thetype of situation is a register.9.Syntax10.Conversational implicationConversational implication refers to a type of implied meaning,whi

7、ch isdeduced on the basis of the conversational meaning of words together with thecontext,under the guidance of the CP and its maxims.Answer the following questions2.Language is not biologically transmitted from generation to generation,butthe details of the linguistic system must be learned anew by

8、 each speak.It is truethat the capacity for language in human being has a genetic basis,but the particularlanguage a person learns to speak is a cultural one rather than a genetic one like thedogs barking system.If a human being brought up is isolation he cannot acquirelanguage.The wolf-child reared

9、 by the wolves turned out to speak the wolfsroaring”tungue”when he was saved.And it was difficult for him to acquire humanbeing.3,Language is viewed as a system of forms in linguistics,but it is regarded as aset of skills in the field of language teaching.Linguistic research is concerned with theest

10、ablishment of theories which explains the phenomena of language,whereaslanguage teaching aims at the learners mastery of language.To bridge the gapbetween the theories of linguistics and the practice of foreign language teaching,applied linguistics serves as a mediating area which interprets the res

11、ults of linguistictheories and makes them user-friendly to the language teacher and learner.B.文学部分文学部分I.Name out the authors of these following works1 William Shakespeare2 Walt Whitman3 Jack London4John Bunyan5 John Milton6 Jonathan Swift7 Percy Bysshe Shelly8 Virginia Woolf9 Henry Fielding10 Henry

12、David Thoreau11 Henry James12 T S Eliot13 William Faulkner14 John Steinbeck15 Jerome David Salinger Explain these following Terms1 FeminismFeminisim incorporates both a doctrine of equal rights for women and anideology of social transformation aiming to create a world for women beyond simplesocial e

13、quality.In general,feminism is ideology of womens liberation based on thebelief that women suffer injustice because of their sex.Under this broad umbrellavarious feminisms offer differing analyses of the causes,or agents,of femaleoppression.Definitions of feminism by feminists tend to be shaped by t

14、heir training,ideology or race.So,for example,Marxist and socialist feminists stress theinteraction within feminism of class with gender and focus on social distinctionsbetween men and women.Black feminists argue much more for an integratedanalysis which can unlock the multiple systems of oppression

15、.2 Byronic HeroByronic hero refers to a proud,mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.Withimmense superiority in his passions and powers,they would carry on his shouldersthe burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society,and would risesingle-handedly against ant kind of tyrannical rules eith

16、er in government,in religion,or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.3 Stream of consciousness4 The American Naturalism5 Imagism Answering the following questions1、What is the symbolic meaning of letter“A”in Scarlet Letter?Letter“A”symbols first as Adultery,then Ab

17、ility and last Angle.2、Make an introduction of Ernest Hemingway and“Hemingway Code Hero”.3 Describe the feature of Emily Dickinson peoms.Most of her poems are short,and typically about love and death and ourrelationship with nature.She alternated confident statements of belief with lyrics ofdespairi

18、ng uncertainty that were both reverent and rebellious.Her verse,noted forits aphoristic style,its wit,its delicate metrical variation and irregular rhymes,itsdirection of statement,and its bold and startling imagery,has won enormous acclaimand had a great influence on 20thcentury poetry.4 What are t

19、he characterastics of Thomas Hardys novels?跨考教育 华北电力大学 2011 年语言学文学真题(回忆版)A.A.语言学部分语言学部分A.B._ is an umbrella term which covers a variety of different interests inlanguage and society,including the social functions of language and the socialcharacteristics of its users.C.D._examines how meaning is enc

20、oded in a language.It is not onlyconcerned with meaning of words as lexical items,but also with levels oflanguage below the word and above it.E.F._ syllabus is a syllabus which selects,organizes and presents languageitems based on situations,e.g.at the bank,at the supermarkets,at home,etc.G.H._Hypot

21、hesis is proposed by Chomsky,by which language is a product ofhuman brain and human brain is born with language faculty or LanguageAcquisition Device which is genetically-based.When a child was born,hisLanguage Faculty is in initial state,with constant exposure to native language,theLF is developed

22、from initial state to steady state.I._is the act of expressing the speakers intension;it is the actperformed in saying something.Definition explanation1.Pragmatics2.Psycholinguistics3.Duality4.Morpheme5.Interlanguage6.Fossilization7.Relevance Theory8.Register9.Syntax10.Conversational implication Ans

23、wer the following questions.2.Make a brief introduction of cultural transmission.3.What contribution has linguistics made to the Teaching of English as a foreignLanguage?B.B.文学部分文学部分Name out the authors of these following works1 The Tempest2 Leaves of Grass3 The Call of the Wild4 The Pilgrims Progre

24、ss5 Samson Agonistes6 A Tale of a Tub7 Ode to the West Wind8To the Lighthouse9 Tom Jones10 Walden11 Daisy Miller12 The Waste Land13 The Sound and the Fury14 The Grapes of Wrath15The Cather in the Rye Explain these following Terms1 Feminism2 Byronic Hero3 Stream of consciousness4 The American Naturalism5 Imagism Answering the following questions1 What is the symbolic meaning of letter“A”in Scarlet Letter?3 Describe the feature of Emily Dickinson peoms.4 What are the characterastics of Thomas Hardys novels?