食品添加剂 鲜味剂.pptx
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1、能补充或增强食品原有风味的物质。能补充或增强食品原有风味的物质。A flavor enhancerA flavor enhancer is a substance that is added to a food to supplement or enhance its original taste or flavor.(国外人喜欢用香料作物,中国人喜欢用酱料)Flavour enhancers are used in savory foods to enhance the existing flavor in the food.1.Definition()第1页/共26页savory,meat
2、y,broth-like,delicacy,umami The term umami was first coined by the scientist Kikunae Ikeda of the Tokyo Imperial University way back in 1908.Ikeda is quoted as saying:There is a taste which is common to asparagus,tomatoes,cheese and meat but which is not one of the four well-known tastes of sweet,so
3、ur,bitter and salty.第2页/共26页 2.Varieties and classification()我国允许使用我国允许使用 6 6 种种.按按结结构构分分为为(Classify according to chemical structure)氨基酸类氨基酸类(animo acid-based):L-L-谷氨酸钠谷氨酸钠 (monosodium L-glutamate,MSG),(monosodium L-glutamate,MSG),丙氨酸丙氨酸 (L-alanine).(L-alanine).第3页/共26页 有机酸类有机酸类(o(organic acid-based
4、):琥琥珀珀酸酸二二钠钠 (disodium(disodium succinate succinate),),有有时时称称作作干干贝贝素。干贝内含素。干贝内含0.37%0.37%,蛤蜊,蛤蜊0.14%0.14%,鲍鱼,鲍鱼0.03%0.03%核苷酸类核苷酸类(nucleotide-based):5-5-肌苷酸二钠肌苷酸二钠 (disodium 5-inosinate,IMP),(disodium 5-inosinate,IMP),5-5-鸟苷酸二钠鸟苷酸二钠 (disodium 5-guanylate,GMP(disodium 5-guanylate,GMP),第4页/共26页Disodium
5、 succinate第5页/共26页5-鸟苷酸二钠,Disodium 5-guanylate 5-肌苷酸二钠,Disodium 5-Inosinate 第6页/共26页 新型鲜味剂 天天 然然 鲜鲜 味味 抽抽 提提 物物(natural natural flavor flavor extracts):extracts):*肉肉类类抽抽提提物物(meat meat extracts):extracts):含含一一定定量量的的IMP IMP,约,约1g/100g.1g/100g.*酵母抽提物酵母抽提物(yeast extracts):(yeast extracts):富含富含GMPGMP.第7页
6、/共26页 水 解 动、植 物 蛋 白(hydrolyzed hydrolyzed vegetable vegetable or or animal animal proteins):proteins):含含大大量量谷谷氨氨酸酸盐盐(glutamate),(glutamate),约约10g/100g10g/100g。风风味味小小肽肽。,P63 水解植物蛋白组成 新型鲜味剂与谷氨酸和核苷酸混合物(mixtures mixtures of of the the above above flavor flavor enhancers enhancers,glutamateglutamate,and
7、nucleotidesand nucleotides).).为什么复合调料比单纯的味精效果好?为什么复合调料比单纯的味精效果好?第8页/共26页 3.鲜鲜 味味 剂剂 的的 特特 点点 及及 其其 协协 同同 作作 用用(characteristics of flavor enhancers and their synergistic effect)不同鲜味剂,其呈现的鲜味不同鲜味剂,其呈现的鲜味 (Umami)(Umami)有所不同。有所不同。如如:IMPIMP呈鲜鱼味,呈鲜鱼味,MSGMSG呈肉味鲜味,呈肉味鲜味,GMPGMP呈香菇鲜味,琥珀酸有贝类鲜呈香菇鲜味,琥珀酸有贝类鲜味味。第9页
8、/共26页 酱油酱油(soy sauce)(soy sauce),竹笋,竹笋(bamboo shoot)(bamboo shoot)-天冬酰氨天冬酰氨(asparagine(asparagine);贝类贝类(shellfish)(shellfish),酒,酒(wine)(wine)-琥珀酸琥珀酸(succinic acid)(succinic acid);鸡,鱼肉鸡,鱼肉 -5-5-肌苷酸肌苷酸(IMP)(IMP);香菇香菇(mushroom(mushroom)-)-5 -5-鸟苷酸鸟苷酸(GMP(GMP)第10页/共26页 氨基酸类所呈的基本上都是复合味!苦味氨基酸类所呈的基本上都是复合味!
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