英语写作 如何写summary.pptx
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1、Definition and features of a summaryUses of summary writingProcedures of writing a summary第1页/共33页What is Summary?A summary is a brief restatement of the essential thought of a longer composition.It reproduces the theme of the original with as few words as possible.When one writes a summary,one shou
2、ld not interpret or comment.All one has to do is to give the gist of the authors exact and essential meaning.缩写是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。第2页/共33页Features of SummaryBrevityObjectivityCompleteness 第3页/共33页Uses of summary writingSummary writing is a very good exercise for improving reading comp
3、rehension.Some students read carelessly,and gain only a vague idea of what they have read.Summary writing can force them to try to understand what they read,because summarizing requires one to read with the mind,as well as with the eye,on the page.第4页/共33页Uses of summary writingSummary writing is al
4、so helpful to composition writing.When writing a summary,one has to work within strict limits.One must express a certain meaning in a fixed number of words.So it is important to choose words carefully,to make sentences with accuracy and brevity,and to write with summary in logical order.第5页/共33页Uses
5、 of summary writingSummary writing has practical uses.The ability to grasp quickly and accurately what is read,or heard,and to reproduce it in a clear and concise way is of great value to people of many professions.第6页/共33页Procedures of writing a summarya.Readingb.Writingc.Revision 第7页/共33页Reading R
6、eading First read the passage through carefully to get the gist of it.if reading it once is not sufficient to give you a clear understanding of it,read it over again.The more you read it,the more familiar to you will be its subject,and what is said about the subject.认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍。阅读次数越多
7、,你对原文的理解就越深刻。第8页/共33页Give a title to your summary.Think of some word,phrase or short sentence that will sum up briefly the main idea of the passage.Sometimes what is called a topic sentence may be used.The topic sentence may be found at the beginning or at the end of the passage.To find a suitable t
8、itle will help you to define what exactly the subject,or main theme,of the passage is.给缩写起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。Reading第9页/共33页You should now be in a position to decide what parts of the passage are essential and what parts are comparative
9、ly unimportant and can be omitted without much loss现在,就该决定原文中哪些部分重要,哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。Reading第10页/共33页Jot down in brief notes the main points-the subject,the title,and the details which you consider essential or important.简要地记下主要观点主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括缩写重要的东西。Reading第11页/共33页Writing A summary should
10、 usually be about one-third to one-fourth as long as the original passage.So count the number of words in the passage and divide it by three.You may use fewer words than the number prescribed,but in no case may you exceed the limit.缩写应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数,然后除以三,得到一个数字。缩写的字数可以少于这个数字,但是千万不能超过
11、这个数字。第12页/共33页WritingThe summary should be all in your own words.It must not be a patchwork made up of phrases and sentences quoted from the original passage.缩写应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。第13页/共33页WritingYou should follow the logical order of the original passage,if possible(and desirable).Ideas and facts
12、need not be rearranged.应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。第14页/共33页WritingThe summary should be self-contained,that is,it must convey the message of the original fully and clearly,so that your reader need no reference to the original to understand what its main ideas are.缩写必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以
13、完全掌握材料的原意。第15页/共33页WritingSummary writing is an exercise in compression.In writing a summary,you may:缩写时可以采用下列几种小技巧:采用下列几种小技巧:第16页/共33页Writing skillOmit the details.Only the important points should be included in the summary;all the details that explain the main points can be left out.删除细节。只保留主要观点。第
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