财务会计英语PPT课件.ppt

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1、财务会计英语财务会计英语篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Main knowledgeConversations with managers quickly reveal contradictory views of accounting.相互矛盾的相互矛盾的To some,accounting is a dry exercise in“bean counting.”会计是一个类似会计是一个类似“数豆子数豆子”式的枯燥无味的活动。式的枯燥无味的活动。To others,accounting seems hopelessl

2、y subjective.会计看上去主观色彩更为浓厚。会计看上去主观色彩更为浓厚。2篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Main knowledgeThere is an old joke about a company president interviewing accountants.The accountant who got the job had the following interview.President:“Whats two plus two?”Accountant:“I dont know.What

3、 number did you have in mind?”3篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Main knowledgeWhile there may not be a consensus as to whether accounting is more“bean counting”or more shady dealing,most will agree that accounting is extremely important in running an organization.尽管人们对会计的行政是更加倾向

4、于尽管人们对会计的行政是更加倾向于“数豆子数豆子”式的活动还是秘密的交易问题可能还没有取式的活动还是秘密的交易问题可能还没有取得一致看法得一致看法4篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Main knowledgeThis chapter begins our study of accounting.It has three goals:(1)To describe what accounting is(2)To explore why it is useful(3)To introduce three dimensions

5、 critical to understanding and using accounting:economic concepts accounting conventions institutional context5篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Main knowledgeWe begin by defining accounting.We then explore accounting by introducing its basic products:financial statements.A real

6、companys financial statements serve as a focal point for much of this introduction.Several examples of decisions that can be improved by considering accounting information are presented and discussed.6篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Main knowledgeFinally,we present the foundati

7、on of the framework of economic concepts,accounting conventions,and institutional context on which we base future chapters.7篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Key Terms1.Accounting conventions会计惯例会计惯例2.Accounts payable应付账款应付账款3.Accounting valuation会计估值会计估值4.Accounts receivable应收账款

8、应收账款8篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Key Terms5.Accrued liabilities应计负债应计负债6.Financial value财务价值财务价值7.Property and equipment不动产和设备不动产和设备8.Assets资产资产9篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Key Terms9.Financial activities筹资活动筹资活动10.Receivables应收款应收款11.Balance sheet

9、资产负债表资产负债表12.General administrative expense一般行政管理费用一般行政管理费用10篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Key Terms13.Recognition确认确认14.Cash equivalents现金等价物现金等价物15.Generally accepted accounting principles,GAAP公认会计准则公认会计准则16.Retained earnings留存收益留存收益11篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计

10、时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Key Terms17.Contributed capital投入资本投入资本18.Income statement利润表利润表19.Sales and marketing expenses销售和营销费用销售和营销费用20.Cost of sales销售成本销售成本12篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Key Terms21.Income tax expense所得税费用所得税费用22.Sales revenue销售收入销售收入23.Disclosure披露披露24.Institutiona

11、l context制度背景制度背景13篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Key Terms25.Securities and exchange commission,SEC证券交易委员会证券交易委员会26.Economic concepts经济概念经济概念27.Inventory存货存货28.Shareholder equity股东权益股东权益14篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Key Terms29.Economic income 经济利润经济

12、利润30.Investing activities投资活动投资活动31.Wealth财富财富32.Expenses费用费用15篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Key Terms33.Net income净利润净利润34.Financial accounting standards board,FASB财务会计准则委员会财务会计准则委员会35.Operating activities经营活动经营活动36.Product development expense产品开发费用产品开发费用16篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间

13、里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统1.1 What is accounting?Accounting is the gathering and reporting of a financial history of an organization.Keeping this financial history is a continual process of capturing financial data,organizing it into a useful set of accounting records,and issuing periodic

14、financial reports to users.记录企业的财务历史是一个涉及获得财务数据，将这记录企业的财务历史是一个涉及获得财务数据，将这些数据组织成一套有用的会计记录，向会计信息的使些数据组织成一套有用的会计记录，向会计信息的使用者定期发布财务报告这样一个连续的过程。用者定期发布财务报告这样一个连续的过程。17篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统1.1.1 Framework for understanding accounting informationThree things determine the in

15、formation in accounting reports:(1)Economic concepts(2)Accounting conventions(3)Institutional context18篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统1.1.1 Framework for understanding accounting informationEconomic concepts are the ideas that guide the construction of accounting reports.Accou

16、nting conventions are the rules and customs of accounting that help apply those economic concepts to practical situations.Institutional context is the environment that shapes the consequences of adopting specific accounting conventions.制度背景是指影响采用具体的会计惯例所产生的结果制度背景是指影响采用具体的会计惯例所产生的结果的环境。的环境。19篮球比赛是根据运

17、动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Financial Statement Construction ProcessOperates in its environment.Makes decisions and takes actions to make it economically better or worseEconomic ConceptsAccounting ConventionsInstitutional ContextOrganization(Entity)“Filter”Financial ReportsBalance

18、SheetIncome StatementCash FlowStatement20篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统What is a Filter?The“filters”can be viewed as the financial process the organization goes through in producing the annual report,specifically the financial statements.21篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比

19、赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统1.1.2 Financial Statements&Balance Sheet&Income Statement&Statement of Cash Flows&Statement of Changes in Shareholders Equity&Statement of Retained Earnings22篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Three Big Financial StatementsnA Balance Sheet is a list of resources

20、available,resources committed,and the difference between the two.资产负债表是一个表明可以利用的资源、承诺需要付资产负债表是一个表明可以利用的资源、承诺需要付出的资源和这两者之间差额的清单。出的资源和这两者之间差额的清单。nAn Income Statement lists the resources acquired and consumed through an organizations operation over a period of time.利润表是反映企业在一段时期内从事经营活动的过程中利润表是反映企业在一段时期

21、内从事经营活动的过程中所获得和消耗的经济资源的情况的报表。所获得和消耗的经济资源的情况的报表。23篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Three Big Financial StatementsnA Cash Flow Statement describes the flow of cash into and out of an organization over a period of time.现金流量表描述了企业在会计期间现金流入和流出的情现金流量表描述了企业在会计期间现金流入和流出的情况。况。24篮球比赛是根据运动

22、队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统1.3 Economic ConceptsThere are three main economic concepts:Financial valueWealthEconomic income25篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统1.3.1 Financial ValuenFinancial value The amount of money anitem would bring if sold.nAccurate financia

23、l valuation depends on how well a market functions.nIn a well-functioning market,goods and services will be properly valued.26篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Characteristics of Well-Functioning Market Competitive Low transaction costs Organized and regulated 有组织和受管制有组织和受管制27篮球比

24、赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统1.3.2 WealthWealth The sum of the financial values ofall things an organization owns.Defined by the balance sheet(i.e.,accountingequation)description:Assets=Liabilities+Shareholders Equity SE=A-L28篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的

25、系统1.3.3 Economic incomeEconomic income The change in an organizationsWealth over a period,excluding capital transactions with its owners.29篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Relationship between financial statements and economic conceptsFinancial StatementsBalance SheetAssetsLiabi

26、litiesEquityIncome StatementRevenueExpensesNet IncomeCash Flow StatementOperating cash flowInvesting cash flowFinancing cash flowFinancial ValuesAttach to individual assets,liabilities,revenues and expense items by the accounting processWealth Measured by equity at a point in timeEconomic IncomeChan

27、ge in wealth measured by net incomeEconomic Concepts30篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统1.4 Accounting ConventionsAccounting conventions arise from practical matters and will inevitably encompass human judgments,human interactions,and compromises.不可避免地包含人类的判断、人们之间的相互影响以及折中处理Gener

28、ally Accepted Accounting Principles known as GAAP are the commonly understood and accepted conventions for gathering,organizing,and reporting the financial history of an organization in USA.31篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统1.4.1 Nature of Accounting ConventionsGenerally GAAP a

29、pplies to one or more of the following three broad areas:r Accounting Valuationr Recognition r Disclosure 32篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Accounting Valuation Accounting Valuation-It is the act of assigning an item a monetary value to be reported in the balance sheet.会计估值是指对资

30、产负债表上列报的项目赋予货会计估值是指对资产负债表上列报的项目赋予货币金额的行为。币金额的行为。33篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统RecognitionRecognition It is the act of recording an item in the accounting records.34篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统DisclosureDisclosure The act of providing information ab

31、out the organization and construction of its accounting reports.披露是提供企业信息以及编制会计报告的行为。披露是提供企业信息以及编制会计报告的行为。35篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统1.4.2 Factors Affecting GAAP%Market richness 市场的产品丰富程度市场的产品丰富程度%Complexity of the transactions%Form of the organization36篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时

32、间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Market richness A rich market is a well-functioning one in which many buyers and sellers compete for relatively uniform goods in a setting with low transaction costs.在该市场中有许多买者和卖者，他们在交易成本较低在该市场中有许多买者和卖者，他们在交易成本较低的环境中争相购买相对而言基本相同的商品。的环境中争相购买相对而言基本相同的商品。When market

33、s are rich,GAAP tends to use market valuations to drive the accounting.37篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Complexity of the transactions When transactions are simple,GAAP is simple.When transactions are complex,GAAP will be complex.38篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是

34、一种得分类型的系统Form of the organization GAAP differs depending upon the type of business entity(e.g.,sole proprietor,partnership,corporation,not-for-profit,governmental).39篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Organizational StructuresSole Proprietorship-owned by one personPartnership-owne

35、d by more than one personCorporation-organized as a separate legal entity and owned by stockholders 40篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统1.5 Institutional ContextGAAP cannot dictate(guide)exact accounting treatments for all situations,since:new transactions appear with novel（新奇的）（

36、新奇的）items“human element”in decision making process Then,who determines GAAP?41篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Who determines GAAP?Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC)The federal agency that has authority to determine GAAP.Financial Accounting Standards Board(FASB)A private,n

37、ot-for-profit organization.42篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统SupplementsOther Elements of Annual Reports|Management Discussion and Analysis|Notes to Financial Statements|Auditors Report43篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Management Discussion and AnalysisCov

38、ers three aspects of a company:zliquidity-ability to pay near-term obligationszcapital resources -ability to fund operations and expansionszresults of operation-profitability and efficiency44篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Notes to Financial Statements4Provide additional inform

39、ation not included in body of statements4Do not have to be numeric45篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Auditors ReportnAuditor,a professional accountant who conducts an independent examination of the financial accounting data presented by a company.nAuditor gives an unqualified op

40、inion if the financial statements present the financial position,results of operations,and cash flows in accordance with GAAP.46Lets doLets doSome exercisesSome exercises47篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Exercises1.The balance sheet lists:()a.Available resources only.b.Resource

41、s committed only.c.Available resources,resources committed,and the difference between the two.d.Available resources,resources committed,and the sum of the two.Answer:c48篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Exercises2.Economic concepts are the:()a.Ideas that guide preparation of acco

42、unting reports.b.Rules that apply to the preparation of accounting reports.c.Conventions used in the preparation of accounting reports.d.Regulations enforced by the government in the preparation of accounting reports.Answer:a49篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Exercises3.GAAP app

43、ly to one or more of three broad areas.These include:()a.Asset valuation,recognition,and disclosure.b.Accounting valuation,recognition and disposal.c.Asset valuation,recognition,and disposal.d.Accounting valuation,recognition,and disclosure.Answer:d50篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分

44、类型的系统Exercises4.The three main economic concepts at the heart of accounting are:()a.Financial value,organization,and economic income.b.Financial value,wealth,and economic income.c.Wealth,leverage,and value.d.Value,organization,and competition.Answer:b51篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种

45、得分类型的系统Exercises5.Union Plaza Hotel and Casinos consolidated December 31,2001 balance sheet shows assets of$40,513 and liabilities of$39,885.Its shareholders equity is:()a.$80,398 b.$628 c.$40,513 d.$39,885Answer:b52篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Exercises6.All of the followin

46、g statement are true except one.Which is false?:()a.Bookkeeping is only a part of accounting.b.The organization that formulates GAAP is the FASB.c.Professional accountants are held to a high standard of ethical conduct.d.A proprietorship is a business with several ownersAnswer:b53篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里

47、得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Exercises7.Which financial statement covers a period of time?:()a.Income statement b.Balance sheet c.Statement of cash flows d.Both A and CAnswer:d54篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Exercises8.The primary objective of financial reporting is to provide information ()a.to the federal government b.about the profitability of the enterprise c.on the cash flows of the company d.useful for making investment and credit decisionsAnswer:d55