初中英语定语从句ppt.ppt

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1、1.什么是定语什么是定语(attribute)？I like the colours.Which colours?energetican ancient countrythe colour of wisdomthe high-speed railway connecting A to Bthe person who has influenced me most定语定语-是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的用的词词、短语短语、或、或句子句子。汉语中常翻译。汉语中常翻译成成“的的”定语可以由形容词定语可以由形容词,代词代词,数词数词,名词名词,分词分词,不定式不定式,介词短

2、语等来担介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。任，修饰名词。(以分词,介词短语为例）The girl behind the tree is Kate.(介词短语作定语)(现在分词作定语)The man driving too fast was drunk.The boy named Tom is my classmate.(过去分词作定语)1.在复合句中，修饰某一名在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

3、1.1.作引导词作引导词2.2.在定语从句中担任一定的成分在定语从句中担任一定的成分;3.3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句 (把主句和从句连起来）把主句和从句连起来）引导定语从句的关引导定语从句的关系代词系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词关系副词 when where，why作作用用2.关系词在从句中做成分：关系词在从句中做成分：相当于代词用的叫关系代相当于代词用的叫关系代词，相当于副词用的叫关词，相当于副词用的叫关系副词。系副词。关系词关系词判判 断断 步步 骤骤:v 首先，要看先行词。首先，要看先行词。如果先行词是指人如果

4、先行词是指人,关系代词关系代词 可用可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物如果先行词指物,关系关系 代词可用代词可用which或或that;v 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词先行词 主主语语 宾宾语语 所有格所有格 人人who,thatwho(m),that whose 物物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,of which5.定语从句的结构定语从句的结构.先行词（名词先行词（名词/代词）代词）+关系代词关系代词（who/which/that/whom)+.1.He never forgets

5、the things that/which he needs to do.2.You should pay no attention to those that/who laugh at you.3.Do you know the teachers that/who are sitting in our classroom now?将两个句子合并成定语从句将两个句子合并成定语从句Match the two sentences1.Im reading an article.The article is about Tom.Im reading an article that/which is a

6、bout Tom.2.She is a teacher.The teacher teaches us English.She is a teacher that/who teaches us English.3.Where is the coat?You bought it last week.Where is the coat which/that you bought last week?1.找先行词找先行词 2.换关系换关系词 3.抄其余部分抄其余部分I like music.Most people like the music.I like musicthat most people

7、like.that 修饰先行词修饰先行词 musicthat 在从句中做宾语在从句中做宾语.(可以省略可以省略)定语从句定语从句II like singers.The singers sing the words clearly.I like singerswho sing the words clearly.who 修饰先行词修饰先行词 singerswho 在从句中做主语在从句中做主语.(不能省不能省)1.Rosa likes music thats quiet and gentle.Rosa喜欢轻柔的音乐。喜欢轻柔的音乐。2.I like music that I can sing al

8、ong with.我喜欢能随之歌唱的音乐我喜欢能随之歌唱的音乐3.I love singers who write their own music.我喜欢能自己作曲的歌星我喜欢能自己作曲的歌星1.who指人指人,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省作宾语可省略略The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.(who作宾语作宾语)(who作主语作主语)2.2.whom指人指人,作宾语作宾语(作宾语可作宾语可省略省略,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)The man(w

9、hom/who)I talked to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr.Li.(whom前有介词前有介词to,whom 不能省去。不能省去。)We met the teacher yesterday.The teacher will give us a talk.aThe teacher(whom)we met yesterday will give us a talk.注注:定语从句的时态不受主句定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。的限制。3.whose 是代词的所有格形式是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。它既可以代人也可以代物。I saw

10、 a woman.Her bag was stolen.aI saw a woman whose bag was stolen.(whose 作定语作定语)4.which 指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省,如介词提前则不能)Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?关系代词的作用：关系代词的作用：a.做代词，代替先行词做代词，代替先行词 b.在从句中担任句子成分主语或宾语在从句中担任句子成分主语或宾语 c.做连词，把主句和从句连接起来做连词，把主句

11、和从句连接起来注意：注意：who/that 在定语从句中做主语时，在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致 I like a pizza that is really delicious.I love singers who are beautiful.Grammar 单项选择。1.This is the job _they laughed at.（嘲笑）（嘲笑）A.which B.as C.it D.who 2.Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago.A.where

12、was B.that were C.which was D.where3.Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting?A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seenACB单项选择4.The man _is painting the house is my uncle.A.he B.whom C.whose D.who5.What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket?A.who B.whose C.its D.whichDB 关系副

13、词关系副词 关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样代词一样,在从句中代替先行词在从句中代替先行词,在句中在句中作状语作状语。where:在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语,指代地点指代地点.when:在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指代时间。指代时间。1.The hotel wasnt clean.+We stayed at the hotel.The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel(which)we s

14、tayed at wasnt clean.2.Ill never forget the day.I joined the Party on that day.Ill never forget the day when I joined the Party.Ill never forget the day on which I joined the Party.5.从句的谓语动词要与先行词从句的谓语动词要与先行词的单复数保持一致。的单复数保持一致。I like the book which/that is on the desk.我喜欢桌上的那我喜欢桌上的那本书。本书。I like the bo

15、oks which/that are on the desk.The girl _ won the match not so long ago is called Guo Yue,a famous Chinese table tennis player.A.who B.which C.what D.whom 在以下情况下只用关系词在以下情况下只用关系词that1.指物的先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时2.先行词是 something,nothing,anything 等不定代词时 3.先行词既有人也有物时,只用 that4.先行词是one of,the one,或用 little,much,

16、few,no,all,some,any,the only,the very,the same,the last 作修饰时5.当主句已有疑问词 who 或 which时，用that只能用只能用which，不用，不用that 的情况：的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。在非限制性定语从中。The meeting was put off,which was exactly what we wanted.(2)定语从句由介词定语从句由介词+关系代词引导关系代词引导 先行词是物时。先行词是物时。The thing about which he is talking is of great importan

17、ce.注注:who,that在指人可以通用，但在指人可以通用，但下列宜用下列宜用 who,不用不用that 1)先行词是先行词是anyone,someone,those时，关系词使用时，关系词使用who2)在在there be 句型中，先行词指人句型中，先行词指人,关系词用关系词用whoI still remember the girl(whom/that)we saw yesterday.请用请用that or who 并成一句并成一句1.I like music.The music is loud and exciting._2.She loves movies.The movies ar

18、e romantic._I like music that is loud and exciting.She loves movies that are romantic.Ex.I3.Tony has a good friend.The friend can speak English well._4.Jim reads books.The books are written in English._ Tony has a good friend who can speak English well.Jim reads books that are written in English.Ex.

19、I5.We have a good teacher.The teacher is very beautiful._6.I love songs.Zhou Jielun singsthe songs_We have a good teacher who is very beautifulI love songs that Zhou Jielun sings.Ex.I 根据句意，用正确的关系代词填空。根据句意，用正确的关系代词填空。1.He is the man _ is ready to 2.help others.2.The girl _ I spoke to just now is my f

20、riend.3.The dress _ you bought in the city mall is made of silk.4.Bill likes music _ he can sing along with.that/who that/who that/whichthat/which5.This is the village _ I used to live in.6.Women always like buying many things _ they dont need at all.7.Im studying a subject _ I am very interested in.that/whichthat/whichthat/which