组合体读图学习.pptx
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1、Outline of reading 读图要点 1.1.Understanding the meaning of individual lines and other Understanding the meaning of individual lines and other drawing elements of the view.drawing elements of the view.要读懂视图中图线、线框的含义。要读懂视图中图线、线框的含义。要读懂视图中图线、线框的含义。要读懂视图中图线、线框的含义。(2)(2)Each closed loop of lines/curves rep
2、resents:Each closed loop of lines/curves represents:视图上每一封闭线框可表示视图上每一封闭线框可表示视图上每一封闭线框可表示视图上每一封闭线框可表示:请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容(1)(1)Lines and curves(including circular arcs)represent the following:Lines and curves(including circular arcs)represent the following:视图上图线有直线、曲线
3、视图上图线有直线、曲线视图上图线有直线、曲线视图上图线有直线、曲线(包括圆弧包括圆弧包括圆弧包括圆弧),它们表示,它们表示,它们表示,它们表示:B B 1 1)The projection of accumulation planes.)The projection of accumulation planes.具有积聚性表面的投影具有积聚性表面的投影。2)The projection of intersection of two planes.2)The projection of intersection of two planes.两表面交线的投影两表面交线的投影两表面交线的投影两表面交
4、线的投影。3)The projection of the outline of cylindrical surfaces.3)The projection of the outline of cylindrical surfaces.曲面轮廓线的投影。曲面轮廓线的投影。曲面轮廓线的投影。曲面轮廓线的投影。A AC C 1 1)The projection of a plane.)The projection of a plane.平面的投影。平面的投影。平面的投影。平面的投影。2 2)The projection of a curved surface.)The projection of a
5、 curved surface.曲面的投影。曲面的投影。曲面的投影。曲面的投影。3 3)The projection of a curved surface and its tangent plane.)The projection of a curved surface and its tangent plane.曲面与其切平面的投影。曲面与其切平面的投影。曲面与其切平面的投影。曲面与其切平面的投影。I I 第1页/共46页Outline of reading 读图要点2.2.Reading several views simultaneously.Reading several views
6、 simultaneously.要几个视图联系起来读要几个视图联系起来读要几个视图联系起来读要几个视图联系起来读。One view may not be able to reveal general space shape of composite solidsOne view may not be able to reveal general space shape of composite solids.一个视图是不能反映物体的确切形状的一个视图是不能反映物体的确切形状的一个视图是不能反映物体的确切形状的一个视图是不能反映物体的确切形状的,故读图时故读图时故读图时故读图时不可孤立地只看一个
7、视图。不可孤立地只看一个视图。不可孤立地只看一个视图。不可孤立地只看一个视图。Example Example 1.1.Think of the left view from the given front view.Think of the left view from the given front view.根据主视图根据主视图根据主视图根据主视图,想象其侧视图是何形状。想象其侧视图是何形状。想象其侧视图是何形状。想象其侧视图是何形状。请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容第2页/共46页 When reading draw
8、ings,we should not make a conclusion after reading only one When reading drawings,we should not make a conclusion after reading only one or two views.We should carefully compare all views and make a conclusion until or two views.We should carefully compare all views and make a conclusion until they
9、can be fully explained following the principles of projection.they can be fully explained following the principles of projection.在读图过程中切忌看了一、二个视图就下结论,各视图要反复对照,直至都符合在读图过程中切忌看了一、二个视图就下结论,各视图要反复对照,直至都符合在读图过程中切忌看了一、二个视图就下结论,各视图要反复对照,直至都符合在读图过程中切忌看了一、二个视图就下结论,各视图要反复对照,直至都符合投影规律时投影规律时投影规律时投影规律时,才能最后下结论。才能
10、最后下结论。才能最后下结论。才能最后下结论。(注意(注意(注意(注意:二个视图有时也不能反映物体的确切形状)二个视图有时也不能反映物体的确切形状)二个视图有时也不能反映物体的确切形状)二个视图有时也不能反映物体的确切形状)Example Example 2.2.Think of the left view from given views.Think of the left view from given views.根据主、俯视图根据主、俯视图根据主、俯视图根据主、俯视图,想象其侧视图是何形状。想象其侧视图是何形状。想象其侧视图是何形状。想象其侧视图是何形状。请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击
11、鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容Outline of reading 读图要点2.2.Reading several views simultaneously.Reading several views simultaneously.要几个视图联系起来读。要几个视图联系起来读。要几个视图联系起来读。要几个视图联系起来读。第3页/共46页3.3.Reading starts from a view that most reflects shape characteristics.要从反映形状特征的视图读起。要从反映形状特征的视图读起。要从反映形状特征的视图
12、读起。要从反映形状特征的视图读起。While While reading,reading,we we must must pay pay special special attention attention to to the the character character view view for for identifying the basic shape of the composite solid.identifying the basic shape of the composite solid.看图时,应抓住特征视图,确定组合体基本形状。看图时,应抓住特征视图,确定组合体基本
13、形状。看图时,应抓住特征视图,确定组合体基本形状。看图时,应抓住特征视图,确定组合体基本形状。4.4.Analyzing relative position and intersection of neighboring surfaces.要认真分析相邻表面间的相互位置和交线。要认真分析相邻表面间的相互位置和交线。要认真分析相邻表面间的相互位置和交线。要认真分析相邻表面间的相互位置和交线。请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容Outline of reading 读图要点 While While reading,reading,
14、we we should should also also pay pay attention attention to to relative relative locations,locations,such such as as front-and-back,tall-and-low and intersection locations.front-and-back,tall-and-low and intersection locations.读图时,要注意分析相邻面的前后、高低和相交等相互位置。读图时,要注意分析相邻面的前后、高低和相交等相互位置。读图时,要注意分析相邻面的前后、高低
15、和相交等相互位置。读图时,要注意分析相邻面的前后、高低和相交等相互位置。Example 3.Think of the solid shape from from the given top view.根据俯视图想象该立体的结构形状。根据俯视图想象该立体的结构形状。根据俯视图想象该立体的结构形状。根据俯视图想象该立体的结构形状。ABC第4页/共46页 The The general general procedure procedure of of reading reading is is as as follows:follows:first first read read the the
16、primary primary component,component,then then read read the the other other components;components;first first read read easy easy components,components,then then read read difficult difficult components;components;first first read the overall shape for each component,then read shape details.read the
17、 overall shape for each component,then read shape details.读图一般顺序:先看主要部分读图一般顺序:先看主要部分读图一般顺序:先看主要部分读图一般顺序:先看主要部分,后看次要部分;先看容易确定的部分后看次要部分;先看容易确定的部分后看次要部分;先看容易确定的部分后看次要部分;先看容易确定的部分,后看后看后看后看难于确定的部分;先看某一组成部分的整体形状难于确定的部分;先看某一组成部分的整体形状难于确定的部分;先看某一组成部分的整体形状难于确定的部分;先看某一组成部分的整体形状,后看其细节部分形状后看其细节部分形状后看其细节部分形状后看其细
18、节部分形状。1.Shape analysis method.形体分析法形体分析法形体分析法形体分析法 Methods of reading 读图的方法(2)(2)(2)(2)Comparison of drawing elements.Comparison of drawing elements.对线框;对线框;对线框;对线框;(1)(1)(1)(1)Partition of drawing elements.Partition of drawing elements.分线框;分线框;分线框;分线框;(3)(3)(3)(3)Understanding the shape from the dr
19、awing elements.Understanding the shape from the drawing elements.看线框识形体;看线框识形体;看线框识形体;看线框识形体;请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容(4 4)Overall imagination.Overall imagination.综合想象综合想象综合想象综合想象。第5页/共46页Example 6.Draw the left view of theExample 6.Draw the left view of the hybrid constru
20、ction solid.hybrid construction solid.画综合式组合体左视图画综合式组合体左视图画综合式组合体左视图画综合式组合体左视图Methods of reading 读图的方法 We partition the composite solid into individual boundary surfaces.We analyze and identify We partition the composite solid into individual boundary surfaces.We analyze and identify the space shape
21、 of the individual surfaces and their relative locations following the principles of the space shape of the individual surfaces and their relative locations following the principles of projection.We can further determine intersection curves/lines and their relative locations and finally projection.W
22、e can further determine intersection curves/lines and their relative locations and finally imagine the overall space shape of the composite solid.imagine the overall space shape of the composite solid.把组合体分成若干个面,根据其投影特点确定其空间形状和相对位置把组合体分成若干个面,根据其投影特点确定其空间形状和相对位置把组合体分成若干个面,根据其投影特点确定其空间形状和相对位置把组合体分成若干个
23、面,根据其投影特点确定其空间形状和相对位置,并并并并判别交线的空间形状和相对位置判别交线的空间形状和相对位置判别交线的空间形状和相对位置判别交线的空间形状和相对位置,从而想象出组合体的形状。从而想象出组合体的形状。从而想象出组合体的形状。从而想象出组合体的形状。Example 4.Example 4.Complete the left view by adding the missing detail.Complete the left view by adding the missing detail.补画组合体左视图补画组合体左视图补画组合体左视图补画组合体左视图Example 5.Dra
24、w the left view of the subtraction composite solid.Example 5.Draw the left view of the subtraction composite solid.画切割式组合体左视图画切割式组合体左视图画切割式组合体左视图画切割式组合体左视图2.Analysis of lines and planes.线面分析法线面分析法线面分析法线面分析法 第6页/共46页Exercises 练 习 题1.Draw the front viewDraw the front view of the composite solidof the
25、composite solid.已知俯视图,想象物体形象,画出主视图已知俯视图,想象物体形象,画出主视图已知俯视图,想象物体形象,画出主视图已知俯视图,想象物体形象,画出主视图。5.Select the left view which is correctly drawn.根据所给主、俯视图,找出正确的左视图根据所给主、俯视图,找出正确的左视图根据所给主、俯视图,找出正确的左视图根据所给主、俯视图,找出正确的左视图。3.3.Draw the plan viewDraw the plan view of the composite solidof the composite solid.已知主视
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