托福强化班Sally口语Task4.ppt

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1、TOEFL Training 4By Sally Young杨思晴My Contact Information杨思晴 (Sally)Y702037094Sample Studies-Integrated Speaking Task 2（第四类题型分析）nReading+Listening(academic related)Speaking读+听说nStep 1:Read a short reading passage about academic subjectnStep 2:Listen to a professors speech in a lecture on the same subj

2、ectnStep 3:Answer a question based on what you have read and heardnXXX means_nXXX suggests that_nXXX,in another word,is_nXXX can be referred to as_nXXX is known as _nXXX is to _nXXX is a term used to describe_nXXX,that is to say,_nAccording to the reading passage,XXX is/means_.In the lecture,nthe pr

3、ofessor gives us 2 examples to demonstrate this idea.The 1st one is _.The 2nd one is _.nThe professor shares his/her own experience to further explain this idea.nReading:background information on an academic lecture.nListening:more specific information of the topic第四类考题涉及内容第四类考题涉及内容1.生物类如何维持体温生态系统如何

4、保持平衡生物之间的共生食物保存的两种途径动物间的混合记忆动物间的共存生态恢复动物条件反射免疫系统过敏反应蝙蝠的定位与捕猎森林火灾的好处动物休眠动物如何进行观察学习（章鱼）2.心理学及教育罗森塔尔效应罗森塔尔效应(Robert Rosenthal Effect)”由美国著名心理学家罗森塔尔和雅格布森在小学教学上予以验证提出，也叫“期待效应”。暗示在本质上，人的情感和观念会不同程度地受到别人下意识的影响。人们会不自觉地接受自己喜欢、钦佩、信任和崇拜的人的影响和暗示。而这种暗示，正是让你梦想成真的基石之一行为的消失事先表扬的好处与坏处归因理论瞬间记忆Frame decision责任转移选择记忆自我期

5、望归真潜意识-Illusion transparency 尽管人们会竭力避免把不想把为人所知的信息透露给别人，也会尽可能客观地去推测他人如何看待自己，但他们仍然倾向认为自己语言的掩饰、表情的伪装和负罪感的逃避能被人看穿；而事实上却并非如此（在很大程度上，其实他们并未被看穿）。这种由于过高的估计别人对自己的洞悉水平而产生的被“看透”的错误直觉被成为被洞悉错觉。而且在亲密关系中，这种被洞悉错觉会被加强。Behavior chainingShaping背离自己角色系统思考3.社科类（销售、广告、市场）个人与群体做事断章取义人们在团队中工作会变得less motivated代币鼓励行为后果影响行为目标

6、市场解决问题的原则消费与营销Acting中如何入戏Outside artsNon-verbal languages跨国组织定义及好处State dependency调查出现偏差的原因小孩模仿电视行动Sample Studies 1nOG P274 Track 27nSocial InteractionStudy o S.I inf.P behavPresence o behav wy P behav/per4m activity1.know bein watched-speed tie shoes faster 2 group2.learnin new act:how 2 type type

7、faster alone make mistakesSample Studies 2Perceptual ConstancySample Studies 3Actor ObservorSample Studies 4Group ThinkSample Studies 5ntask 2第四类题：读+听说 Your turn!Begin reading now!ImmunizationnImmunization saved millions of lives in the 20th century.Therefore,it deserves to be called one of the grea

8、test successes in medical history.Nowadays,a lot of serious diseases to which children are susceptible can be easily prevented by vaccines.Since the vaccines were introduced,rates of childhood diseases have decreased by 95 to 100%.低烧：mild fever伤风：head cold咳嗽：cough 呕吐：nausea麻疹：measles 腮腺炎：mumps 过敏反应：

9、allergic reactions A型B型肝炎：hepatitis A and B轻微皮疹：slight rash关节疼痛：joint pain 低血压：low blood pressure呼吸困难：breathing difficulties 肺炎：pneumonia 癌症：skin/breast/liver lung cancer白血病 leukemia水痘：chicken pox阑尾炎：appendicitis溃疡：ulcer便秘constipation心脏病：heart attacknClean and polishnConstipationnStool softener胃痉挛:s

10、tomach convulsion胃口不好have a poor appetite胃溃疡gastric ulcer胃下垂gastroptosis烧心烧胃Heartburn 上火：dehydrated、(inner fire)口干舌燥Dry mouth腿扭伤：One of my legs is strained他脚踝受了严重的扭伤。He got a foot sprain in his ankle.扭伤了手腕sprain ones wrist打针：give or take an injection缝针：stitch做手术：have an operationnPain killer止痛药nAspi

11、rin阿司匹林nAntibiotic 抗生素nEye drop 眼药水nLozenge止咳糖nCough mixture nCough relief syrup止咳糖浆nStool softener 通便药nIts been killing me.nIts killing me.nI cant feel my legs/armsnUrine testnConstipationnPee,take a leak,take a piss,hit the john,wee-wee,answer for the natures callnPeenTake a leaknTake a pissnHit t

12、he johnnAnswer for the natures callnWee-weeReading Notes:(1)Immu save millions lives(2)Childhd diseasesnNow listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a medicine class.nYour turn!Listening notes:safe&effeSide effect/allergic reaction:Common effect of vaccinesgive it up?Avoidin takin other risks:li

13、ver canCompare the side eff those diseasesSample studies 6nEnglish Language Now read the passage about English language.You have 45 seconds to read the passage.Begin reading now.In an ideal world we would all be able to communicate with each other without fear of being misunderstood.One of the possi

14、ble ways to accomplish this far-fetched idea is for everyone to speak a common language.The language most frequently proposed,for good or bad,has been English.On the other side of the coin,others feel that this would oppress immigrants and subjugate minorities by insisting on using Standard English.

15、Reading notes:nIn deal world,we com+X fear o bein misunders.nPos way:every1 spk a common lang:EnglishNow listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a linguistic classYour Turn!New dialectEbonics:Af-am EngnContro topic-status Con:Af-am parents argue:limits their kids+worsen status Pro:Misunderstd g

16、eneral public Benefit Af-A Ss,perform at schlearn stan Am-EngListening partnEbonics is a controversial topicnAfrican American parents think that (1)allow Ebonics at school can limit them and worsen their oppressed status (2)its a bad English.nSupporters believe that their proposal had been seriously

17、 misunderstood by the general public.(1)It would benefit African American students (2)The students can easily learn standard American English.(3)It is not a substandard version of English,but rather a dialect with the same structuresSample Studies 7 Deltas Key P 318 Your turn!Begin reading now!Emoti

18、onal Intelligence nReading:Em Intel:S-aware+S-contrlP+E.I understand feelinin wys+&help4-succeed Listening:Study E.I.mental Health Young P+intel&arti abi12-17 yr kidsResearch all subs-intense+enthu young PExp emo.&hap+conflict/pain/over excitede.g.16 yr o kid:mis-un-stood P -hav pro talentP+E.I.unde

19、rstd-feelinsFeel strongly exp prosThey r criticized+teased believe sths X+themEmba+guilty 4 df.every1nKey:The professor discusses a study on emotional intelligence.Emotional Intelligence includes self awareness,self-control and social ability According to what she says,researchers found out that tho

20、se young people with emotional intelligence experienced emotional highs and lows.They caused intense happiness,and also the conflict and pain The study shows that people with emotional intelligence understand their feelings.When they feel deeply about everything,they experience problems.Theyre criti

21、cized and teased and believe sth.is wrong with them.They feel embarrassed and guilty for being different from everyone else.Sample Studies 8nDeltas Key P 320 Your turn!Begin reading now!Social Roles nReading:ich Ppositn in a social sysBehavior attch 2 each pos=a social roleich role in S.S relate 2 o

22、ther roles in sys role partner.nListening:Social.Role.+R.PartnerRelat exist-Look at role in relat 2 role partnerFather+child R.P.sWhen-Compe bt.Expectatn of df role P.s R.ConflictDf R.P exp df behav uParents u study hard/Friend:study enough go partyFeel stress of C.bt role as a child&R.as a friendad

23、ult exp most severe C.Main C-tension tw respon 2 employer+familywk&fami role-dif 4 woman-stressed,in our society,women r exp Fami role Questions:nExplain the concept of role conflict,and explain when and why a person experiences a role conflict.nThe profession explains that since relationship exists

24、,we need to look at each role in relation to its role partner.When theres competition between the expectations of different role partners,we have role conflict.nSince different role partner expects different behavior from us,we feel stress of the conflict between different roles.nFor example,the mai

25、n conflict adults experience is the tension between their responsibility to employer and the responsibility to their family.Conflict between work and family role is especially difficult for women.They feel extremely stressed because in our society,women are expected to make their family role primary

26、.Sample Studies 9nDeltas Key P 321:Spatial memory Reading notes:surv ski of A abi 2 rem+recog ob in envir A.use spatial memo assemble paths vari goalsListening notes:Spices of Bs store Fd in hiding places 4 later useTheyrem Loc of hiding Ps+accuracyThey use spatial ldscape features as cues-allow Bds

27、 digmost Fd,even Ob moves,birdsearch F in spatial relation to obResear A in farmi Lscape skill at find new ObnThey react df Obntouch&handle Tdays Ob,quickly pay attenYsdays ObnMovin fami ob Ani examin Ob/ignore them.nBaboon 狒狒/Nutcracker 星鸦:一种鸟nKey:nan important survival skill of animals is their ab

28、ility to remember and recognize the objects in the environment.According to professors explanation,birds can search food in spatial relation to objects.Spices of birds store food in hiding places for later use.nThey can remember the location of hiding places with great accuracy.They use spatial land

29、scape features as spatial cues to where the food is buried.nSpatial memory allows them to dig up most of the food theyre hiding,even though the objects have been moved.nBesides,animals in familiar landscape are also good at finding new objects.For example,if we place a new object each day when a gro

30、up of baboons were absent,they took less than 3 minutes to find out the new object.Moving familiar objects will cause animals to examine the objects.Otherwise they will ignore them.Sample Studies 6（Deltas Key P 319）-BoycottsYour turn!Begin reading now!Reading notes:Boycotts r a form of nonvio protes

31、t,the prat of power 2sociopoli goals,use of phy force.Purpose of a B call atten 2 a wrong,+2 punish those resp.4 wrong.nBatten Peo Ca support farm wkersnResult:Grapes growers sign agree+unionstop B wkers pick grapes aganChaves call 4 B of lettuce prod by growers X union contractnPeo from all over co

32、un refuse 2 buy lettnThe power of B is neg atten direct PnGrowers are offendersnB hurts grape+lettuce grower economically,P stop buyin their productsn:B hurt their repuKey:nDuring a boycott,labor union organizers use non-violent action to achieve their goals of fair pay and better work condition for

33、 farm workers.Whenever the union calls for boycott,workers usually stop what they are doing.People from all over the country come to support the workers and they sometimes stop buying certain products.The power of boycott is the negative attention direct at people responsible for an offense.Boycott hurts the growers economically.It hurts their reputation too.The EndThank you for sharing