土壤污染及防治(英语.pptx

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1、会计学1土壤污染及防治土壤污染及防治(英语英语Environmental pollution and preventionEnvironmental pollution and preventionSoil pollution hazards and the status quo3The concept of characteristics of the soil pollution1Soil pollution reasons24Of soil pollution prevention and control measures第1页/共24页First,the concept of the

2、characteristics of the soil pollutionFirst,the concept of the characteristics of the soil pollution What is soil pollutionWhat is soil pollution？Soil pollution harmful toxic substances into the soil beyond the self-purification Soil pollution harmful toxic substances into the soil beyond the self-pu

3、rification capacity of the soil,resulting in soil physical,chemical and biological properties change,capacity of the soil,resulting in soil physical,chemical and biological properties change,reducing crop yields and quality,the phenomenon of harm to human health.From the reducing crop yields and qua

4、lity,the phenomenon of harm to human health.From the perspective of environmental science to define soil pollution is the waste and toxic and perspective of environmental science to define soil pollution is the waste and toxic and hazardous substances into the soil over the soil self-purification ca

5、pacity,destruction hazardous substances into the soil over the soil self-purification capacity,destruction of the state of the natural balance of the soil system completely soil quality of the state of the natural balance of the soil system completely soil quality deterioration or recession phenomen

6、on.deterioration or recession phenomenon.第2页/共24页2 major pollutants1.Inorganic contaminants(such as heavy 1.Inorganic contaminants(such as heavy metals,acids,salts,etc.)metals,acids,salts,etc.)2.Organic pesticides(such as 2.Organic pesticides(such as fertilizers,pesticides,herbicides,fertilizers,pes

7、ticides,herbicides,etc.)etc.)3.Organic waste(such as biodegradable or 3.Organic waste(such as biodegradable or degradable organic waste,etc.)degradable organic waste,etc.)4.Sludge,slag and fly ash,radioactive 4.Sludge,slag and fly ash,radioactive substances,parasites,pathogenssubstances,parasites,pa

8、thogens第3页/共24页1 soil pollution has hidden and lag1 soil pollution has hidden and lag2 Accumulation of soil pollution2 Accumulation of soil pollution3 soil pollution irreversible3 soil pollution irreversible4 soil pollution refractory rational4 soil pollution refractory rational 3.Characteristics of

9、 land 3.Characteristics of land contaminationcontamination第4页/共24页Second.Soil pollution reasons1 sewage for irrigation1 sewage for irrigation2 air pollution2 air pollution3 excessive application of fertilizers3 excessive application of fertilizers4 heavy use of pesticides4 heavy use of pesticides5 s

10、olid waste5 solid waste6 of heavy metals6 of heavy metals7 radioactive material contamination of soil7 radioactive material contamination of soil第5页/共24页1 sewage for irrigation1 sewage for irrigation1 sewage for irrigation1 sewage for irrigation Sewage and industrial waste water,containing Sewage an

11、d industrial waste water,containing nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and many plants nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and many plants need nutrients,so reasonable use of Sewage need nutrients,so reasonable use of Sewage Irrigation,general stimulation effect.Sewage Irrigation,general stimulation effect.Sew

12、age containing heavy metals,phenols,cyanide and containing heavy metals,phenols,cyanide and other toxic and hazardous substances directly other toxic and hazardous substances directly used for farmland irrigation,will pollute the used for farmland irrigation,will pollute the soil.soil.第6页/共24页2 air

13、pollution2 air pollution2 air pollution2 air pollution Atmospheric pollution can be divided into two Atmospheric pollution can be divided into two categories:gas pollution,such as sulfur categories:gas pollution,such as sulfur dioxide,fluoride,ozone,nitrogen oxides,dioxide,fluoride,ozone,nitrogen ox

14、ides,hydrocarbons,etc.;aerosol pollution,such as hydrocarbons,etc.;aerosol pollution,such as dust,soot and other solid particles and liquid dust,soot and other solid particles and liquid smoke,fog and other particles,they are by smoke,fog and other particles,they are by sedimentationor precipitation

15、 into the soil and sedimentationor precipitation into the soil and cause pollution.cause pollution.第7页/共24页3.Excessive application of fertilizers.3.Excessive application of fertilizers.3.Excessive application of fertilizers.3.Excessive application of fertilizers.Long-term large-scale use of chemical

16、 fertilizers Long-term large-scale use of chemical fertilizers such as nitrogen,phosphorus,will destroy the such as nitrogen,phosphorus,will destroy the soil structure,resulting in soil compaction,soil structure,resulting in soil compaction,degradation of arable soil tilth shallow plowing degradatio

17、n of arable soil tilth shallow plowing deteriorated security fertilizer capacity deteriorated security fertilizer capacity decline and deterioration of the biological decline and deterioration of the biological properties,and increase the cost of properties,and increase the cost of agricultural prod

18、uction,the impactthe crop agricultural production,the impactthe crop yield and qualityyield and quality第8页/共24页4 heavy use of pesticides4 heavy use of pesticides4 heavy use of pesticides4 heavy use of pesticides Crops from the soil to absorb pesticides Crops from the soil to absorb pesticides accumu

19、lated in plant roots,stems,leaves,accumulated in plant roots,stems,leaves,fruits and seeds,and endanger human and fruits and seeds,and endanger human and livestock health through food,feedlivestock health through food,feed第9页/共24页5 solid waste5 solid waste5 solid waste5 solid wasten nIndustrial wast

20、e and municipal waste soil solid Industrial waste and municipal waste soil solid contaminants.For example,a wide range of all contaminants.For example,a wide range of all kinds of trash generated management,recycling kinds of trash generated management,recycling poor,the large amount of waste was le

21、ft on the poor,the large amount of waste was left on the land caused by land pollution.land caused by land pollution.第10页/共24页6 Heavy metal elementsHeavy metal elementsn nHeavy metal pollutants into the soil to the Heavy metal pollutants into the soil to the presence of soluble and insoluble particl

22、es,presence of soluble and insoluble particles,such as fluorine,mercury,cadmium,Zn,Pb,Ni such as fluorine,mercury,cadmium,Zn,Pb,Ni such as arsenic,chromium in the soil that can such as arsenic,chromium in the soil that can be absorbed by plants and enriched.be absorbed by plants and enriched.第11页/共2

23、4页7 7 Radioactive substances contaminated Radioactive substances contaminated soilsoiln nSoil radiation contamination source of Soil radiation contamination source of uranium and thorium mining,uranium uranium and thorium mining,uranium enrichment,nuclear waste disposal,enrichment,nuclear waste disp

24、osal,nuclear weapons explosions,nuclear nuclear weapons explosions,nuclear experiments,coal-fired power plants,experiments,coal-fired power plants,phosphate ore mining processing.Easily phosphate ore mining processing.Easily adsorbed by the soil,the residence time adsorbed by the soil,the residence

25、time is longer.is longer.第12页/共24页Third.Hazards and the status quo of the landThird.Hazards and the status quo of the landHazard:Hazard:Hazard:Hazard:1.Soil pollution worsens already strained more shortage of 1.Soil pollution worsens already strained more shortage of 1.Soil pollution worsens already

26、 strained more shortage of 1.Soil pollution worsens already strained more shortage of arable land resourcesarable land resourcesarable land resourcesarable land resources2.Soil pollution tremendous threat to peoples health2.Soil pollution tremendous threat to peoples health2.Soil pollution tremendou

27、s threat to peoples health2.Soil pollution tremendous threat to peoples health3.Soil pollution to adverse impact on agricultural 3.Soil pollution to adverse impact on agricultural 3.Soil pollution to adverse impact on agricultural 3.Soil pollution to adverse impact on agricultural development has br

28、ought greatdevelopment has brought greatdevelopment has brought greatdevelopment has brought great4.Soil pollution is also an important reason to cause 4.Soil pollution is also an important reason to cause 4.Soil pollution is also an important reason to cause 4.Soil pollution is also an important re

29、ason to cause environmental pollutionenvironmental pollutionenvironmental pollutionenvironmental pollution5.Pollutants in soil pollution migration and retention,and 5.Pollutants in soil pollution migration and retention,and 5.Pollutants in soil pollution migration and retention,and 5.Pollutants in s

30、oil pollution migration and retention,and may continue to cause land contaminationmay continue to cause land contaminationmay continue to cause land contaminationmay continue to cause land contamination6.Soil pollution seriously jeopardize the interests of 6.Soil pollution seriously jeopardize the i

31、nterests of 6.Soil pollution seriously jeopardize the interests of 6.Soil pollution seriously jeopardize the interests of future generations,is not conducive to the sustainable future generations,is not conducive to the sustainable future generations,is not conducive to the sustainable future genera

32、tions,is not conducive to the sustainable development of the rural economydevelopment of the rural economydevelopment of the rural economydevelopment of the rural economy第13页/共24页 Currently,the uproar cancer villCurrently,the uproar cancer villages.China cancer village ages.China cancer village spac

33、e distribution is very uneven,in addition to the four space distribution is very uneven,in addition to the four provinces provinces of Tibet,Qinghai,Gansu,Ningxia has not been of Tibet,Qinghai,Gansu,Ningxia has not been found outside the village of cancer,are distributed in found outside the village

34、 of cancer,are distributed in 27 provinces across the country,the number of 27 provinces across the country,the number of significant differences between these provinces cancer significant differences between these provinces cancer village.Number of cancer Village in Henan Province,more village.Numb

35、er of cancer Village in Henan Province,more than 39 is the greatest.Causes,removal of part of the than 39 is the greatest.Causes,removal of part of the formation of the unexplained cancer villages,the formation of the unexplained cancer villages,the formation of the cancer villages remaining 90%are

36、formation of the cancer villages remaining 90%are associated with modern industrial pollution.Such associated with modern industrial pollution.Such factories and mines mainly include chemical plants,factories and mines mainly include chemical plants,printing and dyeing,paper mills,pharmaceutical pla

37、nts,printing and dyeing,paper mills,pharmaceutical plants,tanneries,alcohol plants,power plants,lime kilns,tanneries,alcohol plants,power plants,lime kilns,where the chemical plant caused environmental pollution where the chemical plant caused environmental pollution lead to the the cancer villages

38、phenomenon most common.lead to the the cancer villages phenomenon most common.第14页/共24页Status:At present,the overall situation of soil pollution in At present,the overall situation of soil pollution in China is grim,serious soil pollution in some areas,China is grim,serious soil pollution in some ar

39、eas,the soil heavily polluted area in heavy polluting the soil heavily polluted area in heavy polluting enterprises or industry-intensive areas,the mining enterprises or industry-intensive areas,the mining mining areas and the surrounding region,urban and mining areas and the surrounding region,urba

40、n and peri-urban areas and high-risk areas.Various types of peri-urban areas and high-risk areas.Various types of soil pollution,showing the coexistence of old and new soil pollution,showing the coexistence of old and new pollutants,inorganic-organic composite pollution pollutants,inorganic-organic

41、composite pollution situation.Soil pollution pathway,the reasons are situation.Soil pollution pathway,the reasons are complicated,difficult to control.Soil environmental complicated,difficult to control.Soil environmental supervision and management system is not perfect,supervision and management sy

42、stem is not perfect,inadequate investment in soil pollution prevention,inadequate investment in soil pollution prevention,social prevention awareness.Agricultural products social prevention awareness.Agricultural products quality and safety problems caused by soil pollution quality and safety proble

43、ms caused by soil pollution and mass incidents are increasing year by year,become and mass incidents are increasing year by year,become important factors that affect the public health and important factors that affect the public health and social stability.social stability.第15页/共24页Land pollution st

44、atus of general characteristics:Land pollution status of general characteristics:1.Increased pollution levels1.Increased pollution levels According to incomplete survey,the national contaminated According to incomplete survey,the national contaminated farmland and about 1.5 million mu,3250 mu of ara

45、ble land irrigated farmland and about 1.5 million mu,3250 mu of arable land irrigated with sewage pollution,solid waste dumps covers an area of with sewage pollution,solid waste dumps covers an area of 200 mu 200 mu and Hui Tian,together account for about one-tenth of the total and Hui Tian,together

46、 account for about one-tenth of the total area of cultivated landabove,most of which is concentrated in the area of cultivated landabove,most of which is concentrated in the more economically developed regions.more economically developed regions.第16页/共24页2.Huge pollution hazard.2.Huge pollution haza

47、rd.2.Huge pollution hazard.2.Huge pollution hazard.It is estimated that the country each year due to heavy metal It is estimated that the country each year due to heavy metal contamination of food amounted to 12 million tons,resulting in contamination of food amounted to 12 million tons,resulting in

48、 direct economic losses of over 20 billion yuan.Soil pollution direct economic losses of over 20 billion yuan.Soil pollution caused by harmful substances accumulated in the crop enters the caused by harmful substances accumulated in the crop enters the body through the food chain and cause various d

49、iseases,ultimately body through the food chain and cause various diseases,ultimately endanger human health.Soil pollution directly affects the endanger human health.Soil pollution directly affects the structure and function of the soil ecosystem,will eventually structure and function of the soil eco

50、system,will eventually become a threat to ecological security.become a threat to ecological security.第17页/共24页3.Pollution prevention foundation is weak3.Pollution prevention foundation is weak3.Pollution prevention foundation is weak3.Pollution prevention foundation is weak Currently,the area of the