ErnestHemingway海明威生平英文简介.pptx
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1、The Lost GenerationLostGenerationreferstothegenerationaftertheWorldWarI.Meanwhile,italsoreferstotheyoungwriterswholivedasexpatriates(移居国外者)inWesternEuropeforashorttime.ThetermLostGenerationwascoinedbyGertrudeStein(格特鲁德.斯坦)torefertoagroupofAmericanliterarynotables(Apersonofdistinctionorgreat名人)wholiv
2、edinParisinthe1920sand1930s.SignificantmembersincludedErnestHemingway,F.ScottFitzgerald,SherwoodAnderson,WaldoPeirce,andGertrudeSteinherself.第1页/共58页The Lost GenerationBecausemostofhisworkstakethewarasbackground,describethepainsandhurtthewarbringstohumanbeing,andreflectayoungergenerationsaimlessness
3、andlossofthebeliefsaftertheWorldWarI,theseworksimmediatelywontheresponsesfrommanypeoplewhosurvivedthewarphysicallybutwereafterwardsspirituallyandmorallyadrift(withoutdirectionorpurpose).Then,HemingwaybecamethespokesmanforwhattheGertrudeSteinhadcalled“TheLostGeneration”.第2页/共58页The Lost GenerationThe
4、LostGenerationisalsocalledtheSadYoungManbyF.ScottFitzgeraldinhisbookwhichdescribesthedisillusionedyoungergenerationaftertheFirstWorldWar.第3页/共58页Life borninasmalltowncalledOakParkinIllinoisnearChicagofather:asuccessfulphysician,middleclass,lovefishingandhunting;mother:musicteacherahappychildhood;alo
5、verofbrutalsports,suchasboxingandfootballinmiddleschoolThoughhisfatherhopedhimtobeaphysician,Hemingwayrefusedtoenteruniversity.Hechosetobeareporter.DuringtheWWI,hewantedtojointhearmybutwasrefusedbecauseofhispooreyesight.ThenHemingwaycametoItalytoworkasanambulancedriver.Hewasseriouslywoundedinthebatt
6、lefield.Thenightmarishwarexperiencechangedhislife.第4页/共58页*thesecondchild,andfirstson;*raisedinOakPark,Illinois,asuburbofChicago;*musiclessonswereusefulinhiswritingandalifelongpassionforoutdooradventureandforlivinginremoteorisolatedareas;childhood:childhood:第5页/共58页*attendedOakParkandRiverForestHigh
7、Schoolandexcelledbothacademicallyandathletically;*firstwritingexperiencewasfortheschoolsnewspaperandyearbook;school life:school life:Hemingway at the time of his graduation from high school,1917第6页/共58页*workedasareporterforTheKansasCityStar(堪萨斯星报)beforeWorldWarIforonlysixmonths;after high school:aft
8、er high school:第7页/共58页*joinedtheRedCrossAmbulanceCorps(红十字会战场服务队);*onJuly8,1918,woundedbutcarriedanItaliansoldiertosafety,receivedtheItalianSilverMedalofBravery;*wheninthehospital,metandfellinlovewithAgnesgnis,aRedCrossnursebutrejected;World warWorld war:第8页/共58页*beganasafreelancer(自由职业)andforeignc
9、orrespondentfortheToronto Star Weekly;*alsoworkedasanassociateeditoroftheCo-operative Commonwealth,amonthlyjournal;*metHadleyRichardson,thefirstwife,andmarriedin1921;Journalist&writing:Journalist&writing:Hadley Richardson第9页/共58页*settledinParisandcoveredtheGreco-TurkishWarfortheToronto Star;*madefri
10、endswithJamesJoyce,F.ScottFitzgerald;*HismarriagetoHadleybrokeupashewasworkingonThe Sun Also RisesbecauseofhisaffairwithPaulinePfeiffer,divorcedinJanuary1927andmarriedPaulinePfeiffer,secondwife,inMay.Life in Paris(1921-1928):Life in Paris(1921-1928):The 2nd wife第10页/共58页*In1928,theymovedtoKeyWest,Fl
11、orida,tobegintheirnewlifetogether;*hisfathercommittedsuicide;*Duringtheearly1930sHemingwaywerebusywithhunting,fishing,bullfighting,travelingandwriting;life in Key West:life in Key West:Hemingway house第11页/共58页*in1937hereportedonthewarfortheNorth American Newspaper Alliance(NANA)*heusedthisexperience
12、inSpainasthebackgroundforFor Whom the Bell Tolls;Afterthewar,HemingwaydivorcedwithPaulineandmarriedMarthaGellhorn,histhirdwifein1940andwrotethefamousnovel,For Whom the Bell Tolls,whichwasnominatedforaPulitzerPrize;Spanish Civil War:Spanish Civil War:第12页/共58页*inEuropefromJunetoDec.1944;*involvedinth
13、ewaractivitiesasawarcorrespondentandin1947awardedaBronzeStarforhisbraveryduringWWII;*HeleftMarthain1945whenpreparingtoreturntoCubaandmeanwhile,hehadaskedMaryWelsh,Time magazinecorrespondent,tomarryhimontheirthirdmeeting;World War II:World War II:第13页/共58页*hadaseriesofaccidentsandhealthproblemsaftert
14、hewar;*WhenhetraveledtothesiteofWWIandbegantoworkonAcross the River and Into the Trees(过河入林);*ThenextyearwroteOld Man and the Seathe best I can write ever for all of my life“andwonthePulitzerPrizeinMay1952andInOctober1954receivedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature;Later years:Later years:第14页/共58页Discouragedb
15、yatroubledfamilybackground,illnessandthebeliefthathewaslosinghisgiftforwriting,hequitedeliberatelyshothimselfwithhisfavoriteshotgunintheearlymorninghoursofJuly2,1961;Suicide:Suicide:第15页/共58页LifeAfterthewar,hestillworkedasareporter.HewassenttoParisandknewPound,GertrudeStein,SherwoodAndersonandsomeot
16、herfamouswriterswhoencouragedhimtowrite.HealsoworkedasawarreporterintheSpanishCivilWarandtheWWII.Heisatoughguywithrathermasculinemanner.Inallhislife,helovedtoughgames,suchasboxing,hunting,deep-seafishing,bullfightandsoon.Hewasinjuredmanytimes.Inalltheoperations,237steelfragmentsweretakenoutfromHemin
17、gwaysbody.Healsosuffered3caraccidentsand2aircrushes.Hewasadmiredasaherobylotsofpeopleandhislifestylewasimitated.In1961,Hemingwayshothimselfwithguninhishome.第16页/共58页AchievementsMajorThemesArtisticfeatures第17页/共58页Works(1)“The Sun Also Rises”1926(DeepillusionofthewholegenerationaftertheWWI;thecharact
18、ersindulgedthemselvesindepravedlifetomakethemselvesnumb)(2)“A Farewell to Arms”1928(atragicstoryaboutwarandlove)(Heroandheroine:FredericHenryandCatherineBarkley)(3)“For Whom the Bell Tolls”1940(Spanishcivilwar)(alsoastoryaboutwarandlove)(thetitleofthenovel:fromJohnDonnessermons)第18页/共58页Works(4)The
19、Old Man and the Sea”1952(In1954,HemingwaygottheNobelPrize)aquitespecialnovelinallhisnovelssymbolismSantiagomankind;seanatureandenvironment;marlinpurposeoflife;sharktheevilforcewhichcontrolhumansfatetheme:theimportanceoflifeliesintheprocessofsearchingandresistance第19页/共58页Major Themes*The“Nada”Concep
20、t*Graceunderpressure*CodeHero第20页/共58页1.The Nada Concept“Nada”(“nothing”)InthelastpartoftheshortstoryACleanandWell-lightedPlace,thereisanevaluationaboutnada:“ItwasnotfearordreadItwasallnothingandamanwasnothingtooSomelivedinitandneverfeltitbutheknewitallwasnadaHailnothingfullofnothing,nothingiswhitth
21、ee.”第21页/共58页1.The Nada Concept*Manisbornintoanaturalisticandindifferentuniversethathasnopurpose,meaning,order,orvalue*“Nada”isthenfocusedon1.mansconfrontationwiththeabsenceofGod2.indifferenceandhostilityoftheuniverse3.absenceofpurpose,order,meaning,value第22页/共58页Motifs for Nada*Death-isinevitablean
22、deverpresent*Darkness&Disorder-chaos,“unknowability”,andhostilityofuniverse.*Waror“violentencounter”-ever-presentpainanddeath*BadNerves-therecognitionof“nada”bringsonfear,anxiety,&lossofcontrol*Insomnia-symbolofmansattemptto,andhisinabilityto,stopthinkingaboutnada*Despair-absenceofhopeandconfidence第
23、23页/共58页2.Grace under Pressure-Itsignifiescourage.DP:Exactly what do you mean by guts?EH:I mean,grace under pressure.-Ernest Hemingway(an interview with Dorothy Parker,New Yorker,30 November 1929)第24页/共58页2.Grace under PressureInthegeneralsituationofhisnovel,lifeisfulloftensionandbattles;theworldisi
24、nchaos;manisalwaysfightingdesperatelyalosingbattle.However,thoughlifeisbutalosingbattle,itisastrugglemancandominateinsuchawaythatlossbecomesdignity;mancanbephysicallydestroyedbutneverdefeatedspiritually.(Hays,1990:622-623)第25页/共58页2.Grace under PressureForexample:The Old Man and the Sea-whileSantiag
25、oisstrugglingtofightoffthesharkswhoaretearingapartthemagnificentfishhehascaught,hethinkstohimself:“Manisnotmadefordefeats.Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated.”The Sun Also Rises-JakeBarnessays,“Ididnotcarewhat(theworld)wasallabout.AllIwantedtoknowwashowtoliveinit.”For Whom the Bell Tolls-RobertJordankn
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