专题十七完形填空（讲义）--高考英语二轮复习.docx

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1、专题十七 完形填空（讲义）高考英语二轮复习通关文牒方法技巧深刻剖析题型难点 全面提升关键能力（1）重首句，易入题完形填空的题眼往往出现在文章的开头。通过把握首句，可以确定文章的话题、主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等，从而把握文章的发展方向，达到顺利“入题”的目的。原文：Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. 句意：自从我们的双胞胎开始学习走路以来，我和妻子一直告诉他们，我们滑动的玻璃门只

2、是一扇窗户。直接信息：首句清楚地交代了故事发生的地点（在家）、人物（一对夫妇和他们学走路的孩子们）以及事件（不准学走路的孩子们走出滑动的玻璃门）。预测信息：下文作者可能要讲述与“门”或“窗”有关的话题。（2）寻复现，找答案在完形填空选项的设置上，命题人往往通过原词复现、同根词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、上下义词复现等方式重现已经出现过的词汇。做题时，在把握语篇、透析语境的前提下，应留心选项中是否有与上下文中的词汇相对应的词，运用词汇复现技巧快速锁定答案。 原词复现They reflect a concentrated beam (束) of light onto the_51_, creat

3、ing an area of sunlight roughly 600towns central square meters. When the light _52_, Rjukan residents gathered together.People have been _ 53_ there and standing there and taking _54_ of each other, Ro says. The town square was totally 55 .51. A.library B.hall C.square D.street解析：由下一段中的“The town squ

4、are was totally.”可知，此空选square。library图书馆；hall大厅；street街道。 同/近义词复现Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 57_: gravel (砾石), stones and rocks.57. A.village B.desert C.road D.lake解析：根据空后描述的砾石、石头和岩石可知海拔4,000米以上就是高原荒漠。答案B。 反义词复现Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear we

5、re replaced with _49_. It just started licking (舔) Ehlers face.49. A.surprise B.joy C.hesitation D.anxiety解析：设空处下一句It just started licking Ehlers face.（小狗开始舔Ehlers的脸）说明小狗见到Ehlers很高兴，与之前的紧张和害怕形成对比。答案B。 同根词复现It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world

6、 due to heavy snow. How could the medicine get to Nome? The towns 39 was already full of ice, so it couldnt come by ship. Cars and horses couldnt travel on the _40_ roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didnt exist yet.40. A.narrow B.snowy C.busy D.dirty解析：根据上文中的due to heavy snow可知此处应该是：汽车和马无法在被雪覆盖的路上

7、跑。答案B。 上下词复现Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Ranis 59 -her warm smile, her nods, her I m here for you_60_ -were all silent signals that didnt travel through wires.59. A.forgiveness B.eagerness C.friendliness D.skillfulness解析：根据下文中的“her warm smile, her nods”可知R

8、ani很友好。smile和 nods是下义词（具体行为），friendliness是上义词（概括）。答案C。（3）析逻辑，索答案完形填空中有些题目侧重考查对话题逻辑性的精准判断以及对特殊语境下的情绪演变、行为态度、语言褒贬和方式转变的理解判断。常见的命题方式包括心理揣测、动作交互、因果关系、转折关系、让步关系、递进关系、增补关系、对比关系等。解决此类问题时要关注连词的功能、词语的情感色彩和动作发生的先后，借助具体语境和人物的特定身份，顺着原文的思路，依据上下文进行合乎逻辑的推断。I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. _58_,

9、 if there had been any talking, it would have 59 (caused) us to learn less.58. A.Lastly B.Thus C.Instead D.However解析：上文提到“我很快意识到沉默是令人愉快的”，下文说“如果说话的话，反而会使我们学的东西更少”，由此判断上下文构成相反关系。答案C。（4）据搭配，知答案完形填空中，有时会涉及短语，以动词短语为主，偶见介词短语等。解题时，可以通过仔细观察和回忆所学知识，进行有效推断，选择正确答案。In order to 50 (pass) the class, among other

10、criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to _51_ what we would learn in class to our future professions and, eventually, to our lives.51. A.add B.expose C.apply D.compare解析：句意：为了通过这门课程，除了其他的标准，我们要写一篇论文说明我们计划如何把将在课堂上学到的东西运用到我们未来的职业中，并最终运用到我们的生活中。本题考查固定搭配。applyto把运用到中。答案C。（5）重平行，觅逻辑文章中的意群总是通过一

11、定的逻辑关系连在一起，特别是并列平行的结构。这些平行结构要么通过标点符号体现，要么通过并列连词连接。一般来说，这些平行结构所表达的语义是一致的，考生解题时要特别注意这一点。The professor was deaf and any talking was _57_.57. A.prohibited B.welcomed C.ignored D.repeated解析：句中and为并列连词，两个分句构成顺承关系。根据第一个分句中的deaf一词，可推断下文为“谈话被禁止”。答案A。（6）依常识，定答案完形填空虽然是独立的语篇，但有时会渗透很多科技文化、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。学生在做题时如

12、果能积极主动地调动自己已有的文化背景和生活常识，特别是注意中西文化的差异并巧妙加以利用，将会有效简化分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，取得“事半功倍”的效果。Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. Hed moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since Id 41 (last) seen him. So imagine my 42_ when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to v

13、isit me.42. A.delight B.relief C.anger D.worry解析：根据常识可知，和儿子13年未见，要见到自己的儿子了，作者肯定很“高兴”。答案A。（7）破难句，解句意完形填空的文章中会出现一些长句或难句，而它们往往会影响一些答案的选择。这时就要在理解上下文逻辑关系的基础上有针对性地对句子结构、句子特点进行分析，准确理解句意，明确所填选项在句中的语法功能，从而做出正确判断。Axani wrote in his post that he is not 55 (looking) for anything in return and that the woman who

14、 uses the 56 (extra) ticket can choose to either travel with him or 57_ the ticket and travel on her own.57. A.return B.take C.reserve D.hide解析：本句为主从复合句。动词wrote后面两个that分别引导宾语从句，在第二个宾语从句中who引导定语从句，先行词为the woman。搞清句子结构对选择答案是有帮助的。根据上下文可知此处表达：使用这张额外机票的女士既可以选择和他一起旅行，也可以拿着这张机票单独旅行。答案B。（8）看语境，辨词义完形填空的四个选项如

15、果脱离语境或只看句子的一部分，可能会有两个或两个以上的答案。做题时，要从整体上把握文章内容，区分文章的结构层次和逻辑关系，同时认真比较所给选项，从中选出最佳答案。Maybe its an unreasonable fear. But the _58_ is that I shouldnt lie to my kids. I should just _59_ repeatedly having to say, “No. We cant go outside now. Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metap

16、horical, they wont 60_ to open them and walk through.58. A.safety rule B.comfort zone C.bottom line D.top secret解析：句意：但是，底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。safety rule安全规则；comfort zone舒适区；bottom line 底线；top secret最高机密。根据I shouldnt lie to my kid可知这是我的底线。答案C。（9）悟情感，寻答案在高考完形填空文章中，学生一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它

17、们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是学生做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助学生快速确定某些题目的正确答案。I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as59_ to it as I am to my dogs, says Ehlers. If it had been my dog, Id hope that somebody would be _60_ to go that extra mile.60. A.suitable B.proud C.wise D.willing解析：根据“If it had been my dog,

18、Id hope that somebody would be to go that extra mile.”可 知,Ehlers认为，如果他的狗走丢了，他希望有人愿意（willing）不怕麻烦地去帮助寻找他的狗。答案D。（10）巧排除，降难度在掌握文章大意和细节的前提下，学生可以通过试填选项选出最吻合语境、最能衔接语义的选项，这种解题方法被称为“排除错项”。During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a free course, called T

19、hinking Chess, for three credits. I_ 41_ the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesnt want to_42_ a few dollars? More than that, Id always wanted to learn chess.41. A.put forward B.jumped at C.tried out D.turned down解析：根据下文 who doesnt want to 42 a few dollars和More than that, Id always wanted to learn chess.可知“我”决定参加这门课程的学习，由此排除选项A、C和D三个选项。jump at欣然接受（机会、建议等），符合题意。答案B。