2021届兰州市第三十七中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案解析.pdf

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1、2021 届兰州市第三十七中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A The following 4 famous paintings,from Jan van Eycks portrait to Pablo Picassos masterpiece,have stood the test of time.The Arnolfini Portrait Jan van Eycks Arnolfini Portrait,an oil pa

2、inting on wood produced in 1434,is undoubtedly one of the masterpieces in the National Gallery,London.This painting is as visually interesting as it is famed.It is also an informative document on fifteenth-century society,through van Eycks heavy use of symbolism-while husbands went out to engage in

3、business,wives concerned themselves with domestic duties.The Starry Night Vincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night,oil on canvas,a moderately abstract landscape painting of an expressive night sky over a small hillside village,during his 12-month stay at the mental hospital nearSaint-Remy-de-Proven

4、ce,Francebetween 1889 and 1890.When theMuseumofModern ArtinNew York Citypurchased the painting from a private collector in 1941,it was not well known,but it has since become one of van Goghs most famous works.The Harvesters The Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the El

5、der in 1565.It depicts the harvest time which most commonly occurred within the months of August and September.Nicolaes Jonghelinck,a merchant banker and art collector fromAntwerp,commissioned this painting.The painting has been at the Metropolitan Museum of Art inNew York Citysince 1919.Guernica Gu

6、ernica,a large black-and-white oil painting,was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter,Pablo Picasso in 1937.The title Guernica refers to the city that was bombed by Nazi planes during the Spanish Civil War.The painting depicts the horrors of war and as a result,has come to be an anti-war symbol and

7、a reminder of the tragedies of war.Today,the painting is housed at the Museo National Centro de Arte ReinaSofiainMadrid.1.What do the four paintings have in common?A.They are oil paintings.B.They are kept inNew York.C.They show different peoples lives.D.They are created during 10th century to 19th c

8、entury.2.What do we know about The Starry Night?A.It shows the scenery of a small hillside village.B.Van Gogh produced it when living in his home.C.A private collector gave it away to the museum.D.It was not famous before 1941.3.Whose painting shows the destruction of war?A.Jan van Eyck.B.Vincent va

9、n Gogh.C.Pieter Bruegel.D.Pablo Picasso.B With their tiny brains and excellent ability to memorize nectar locations,honeybees are a favorite model organism for studying learning and memory.Such research has indicated that to form long-term memoriesones that last a day or morethe insects need to repe

10、at a training experience at least three times.By contrast,short-and mid-term memories that last seconds to minutes and minutes to hours,respectively,need only a single learning experience.Exceptions to this rule have been observed,however.For example,in some studies,bees formed long-lasting memories

11、 after a single learning event.Such results are often regarded as circumstantial anomalies,says Martin Giurfa of the University of Toulouse.But the anomalous findings,together with research showing that fruit flies and ants can form long-term memories after single experiences,aroused Giurfas curiosi

12、ty.Was it possible that honeybees could reliably do the same?Giurfa reasoned that the ability to form long-term memories might depend on the particular type of bee and the experience.Within a honeybee colony,there are nurses,who clean the hive and feed the young;guards,who patrol and protect the hiv

13、e;and foragers,who search for nectar.While previous studies have tested bees as a whole,Ciurfa and his colleagues focused on foragers,tasking them with remembering an experience relevant to their role:an odor associated with a sugary reward.The researchers observed that a single exposure to a reward

14、-paired odor was enough for most forager bees to remember that specific odor the following day.Many foragers could even remember the odor three day later.The results do not mean that all prior research was wrong,says Andr Fiala of the University of Gttingen.“People have done the experiments in a dif

15、ferent way.”Still,the new results do show that“the commonly held belief that one needs multiple training trials to achieve long-term memory is not always true,”he says,and this“really advances the field.”4.What does the author want to tell us through Paragraph 1?A.A model for memory research.B.The c

16、lassification of memories.C.New research on learning and memory.D.Previous findings on memory formation.5.Which factor might influence a bees memory of an experience,according to Giurfas research?A.Whether the bees role is related.B.Whether the bee is introduced or native.C.How often the bee repeats

17、 the experience.D.How long the bee is exposed to the reward.6.What is Andre Fialas attitude towards the new results?A.Doubtful.B.Favorable.C.Intolerant.D.Unclear.7.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A.Learning and Memory:How Honeybees Remember B.Honeybee Memory:Honeybee Knows Wh

18、at to Do C.Honeybees Remember after Just One Lesson D.Honeybees Use Memory for Communication C It was New Year time,but I wasntlooking forward to it.That winter,my mother and my stepfather moved our family toSouthern California.My brother and I were leaving our ruralAlabamabehind.This would be our f

19、irst New Year away fromAlabama.My mother took toCalifornialike a swan to a royal lake.My athletic little brother,Paul,was keyed up at a climate that allowed him to go to the beach whenever he wanted.I,however,was a fat child with heavy southern pronunciation.My first day in the new class,I introduce

20、d myself in a low voice.The moment I opened my mouth to speak,the whole class burst into laughter,“He talks funny.”It was so frustrating that I went to place a call to Granny Smith after school,who was my biggest support,But I didnt get through.On Sunday evening,the phone rang.It was Granny.She ofte

21、n took advantage of the discounted long-distance rates on Sundays.She said shed shipped a New Year package.Sure enough,it arrived.Surprised at the box,large enough to hold a small refrigerator,we eagerly tore it open.The smell of Grannys house filled the room:a combination of fried meat,sausages,fur

22、niture polish and decorations.Her house was tiny and always filled withtackyholiday decorations and homemade food before New Year.But in my childhood eyes,it was precious and fantastic.There were countless tins and containers.We open hem to discover piles of holiday treats.She even included our trad

23、itional candy bats.The box was as bottomless as a magical box.There,beneath all these,was familiar holiday.Every New Year that we spent inCalifornia,the postal service would call and say our package was arrived.Over the years,many treasures arrived in the box.For me,its always been the best part of

24、the holiday.8.How did the authors brother feel when they were moving toCalifornia?A.Indifferent.B.Joyful.C.Appreciative.D.Disappointed.9.Why did the authors classmates laugh at him?A.He spoke in a low voice.B.He made a humorous talk.C.He looked overweight.D.He had a strong accent.10.What does the un

25、derlined word“tacky”probably mean?A.Suitable.B.Expensive.C.Cheap.D.Attractive.11.Which of the following can be the best title of the text?A.Grannys Care Package B.An UnforgettableHoliday C.Our Move toCalifornia D.A Telephone Call from Granny D Where doyou usually put your toothbrush?Do you keep it i

26、n the bathroom?Hows your toothbrush looking these days?Even if you cant see it with a naked eye,experts say it may be saturated(使饱和)with millions of toilet germs!Dr.Charles Oerba,a germ expert,is amicrobiology professor at the University of Arizona.He says there are approximately 3 million bacteria

27、per square inch in most toilet bowls,and every time you flush it without closing the lid,those millions of bacteria droplets spray into the air as far as twenty feet away and dirty everything in their path.And a common victim is your poor toothbrush,usually,left out on the bathroom sink,right?So,wha

28、t do we do?Dr.Gerba says its easy.Close the toilet lid before you flushthatll greatly cut downthe germs,which will otherwise float in the air.And wash your toothbrush every few days in mouthwash or peroxide to get rid of any germs hiding in it.You can even put it through the dishwasher to sanitize(消

29、毒)it.And always store your toothbrush in a closed cabinet.Heres one more tip from Dr.Gerba,who says our kitchen sink is probably dirtier than our toilet.“If an alien came from space and studied the bacterial counts,he probably would conclude he should wash his hands in your toilet and go to the bath

30、room in your sink.”He says thats because the kitchen sink is a great place where E.coli(大肠杆菌)to live and grow since its wet and damp.Bacteria feed on the food that people put down the drain orthats left on dishes in the sink.To reset your sinks bacteria count back to zero,youd better regularly wash

31、it with hot water and sanitize yoursink with special chemicals.In fact,you may want to do it every day or before preparing dinner.12.What is the purpose of the text?A.To show how to brush your teeth.B.To tell people the importance of health.C.To warn people of the invisible germs.D.To introduce a mi

32、crobiology professor.13.What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A.Bathroom sinks are the dirtiest places.B.Bacteria are bad for peoples health.C.Why bacteria spread through the air.D.How bacteria spread in the bathroom.14.What does the underlined word“that”in Paragraph 4 refer to?A.The food.B.The toothbr

33、ush.C.The sink.D.The chemical.15.Why does Dr.Gerba mention the example of an alien?A.To tell us a fiction story of an alien studying bacteria.B.To show our kitchen sink may be dirtier than our toilet.C.To teach us how to reset sinks bacteria count back to zero.D.To prove coli prefers to live in the

34、kitchen and the drain.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Directions:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need._16_.They cry when some

35、thing terrible happens,like a death in the family.They cry when they feel very sad or very angry.They cry when they know they cannot do anything about a problem,and they feel helpless.People also cry when they feel very good.They cry when they have been worried about something but find out everythin

36、g is all right._17_.In the United States until lately,men were not supposed to cry.Crying was weak and only for women.Men were supposed to be strong._18_.Men are beginning to realize that it is all right to show their feelings.Women are learning that sometimes they can do something about a problem i

37、nstead of just crying.They try not to cry in a public place or in front of a frightened child._19_.They say the body produces two kinds of tears.One kind cleans out the eye if it gets dirt in it.But when people cry because of their feelings,these tears have poisonous chemicals in them.The body is ge

38、tting rid of chemicals produced by strong feelings._20_.Doctors say heart disease and some other diseases are related to the pressure of living and working in modern society.Perhaps men suffer more from these diseases because they do not cry enough.And it is possible that as more and more women work

39、 outside the home,they will also suffer from more pressure.Then everyone will need to cry more.A.Chemists have been studying why people cry.B.They cry when something wonderful happens.C.People cry when they feel very sad.D.But things are changing.E.Crying is very common for mankind.F.In the United S

40、ates,men have heart diseases more often than women do.G.The pressure of living and working many contribute to some diseases.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 Mary and her husband had a dog named“Lucky”.Whenever their friends came for a week

41、end visit,they would warn them notto leave the_21_open because Lucky would_22_whatever he likes.However,someone would forget and something would come up_23_.Mary or Jim would go to Luckys toy box in the_24_.There the_25_would be,among Luckys other toys.It happened that Mary found out that she had ca

42、ncer.Something told her she was going to_26_.The night before she was to go to the hospital,a thought_27_her that she had to leave Lucky.The thought made her_28_than thinking of her own death._29_the day came for Mary to leave the hospital.When she arrived home,Mary was so_30_that she couldnt even g

43、o to her bedroom.Jim left her to_31_on the sofa.When Mary woke up,she couldnt understand what was wrong.She couldnt_32_her head and her body.But panic soon gave way to_33_when Mary realized the problem.She was_34_with some toys!While she had slept,the sorrowing dog had made trip after trip to the ba

44、sement_35_his beloved hostess all his favorite things in life.He had covered her with his_36_.Mary forgot about dying._37_she and Lucky began living again,_38_further and further together every day.Its been 12 years now and Mary is still_39_.Lucky still steals treasures and hides them in his toy box

45、 and Mary remains his greatest treasure.Never forget the people who make a(n)_40_in our lives are the ones that care for us.If you see someone without a smile today,give them one!Live simply.Love seriously!21.A.box B.luggage C.wallet D.door 22.A.steal B.swallow C.play D.protect 23.A.broken B.dirty C

46、.missing D.present 24.A.bedroom B.kitchen C.yard D.basement 25.A.treasure B.food C.gift D.blanket 26.A.recover B.die C.survive D.suffer 27.A.defeated B.prevented C.struck D.influenced 28.A.prouder B.happier C.angrier D.sadder 29.A.Finally B.Gradually C.Particularly D.Normally 30.A.excited B.sad C.ti

47、red D.frightened 31.A.rest B.sleep C.wait D.calm 32.A.move B.control C.feel D.shake 33.A.anger B.disappointment C.excitement D.laughter 34.A.surrounded B.covered C.provided D.moved 35.A.returning B.hiding C.bringing D.taking 36.A.life B.love C.joy D.sadness 37.A.Instead B.Therefore C.Meanwhile D.Thu

48、s 38.A.living B.walking C.rushing D.studying 39.A.weak B.humorous C.healthy D.hopeful 40.A.difference B.agreement C.promise D.decision 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 Scientists have exposed that around two-fifths of the worlds plants are at risk of extinction.A top b

49、otanist,Professor Alexandre Antonelli,said,“We are living in_41._age of extinction.”Its a very_42._(worry)picture of risk and urgent need for action.Were losing the race against time as species are disappearing faster_43._we can find and name them.Many of them could hold important clues for solving

50、some of the most pressing_44._(challenge)of medicine and even perhaps of the emerging and current pandemics we are seeing today.”There_45._(be)positive signs in the past few years.More than 4,000 species of plants and fungi(菌类)_46._(discover)in 2019,among which are potential future foods that could