英语短暂性动词和延续性动词的巧学巧用.pdf

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1、英语短暂性动词和延续性动词的巧学巧用 在英语里，把动作发生的方式，发生过程的长短，分为短暂性动词和延续性动词。延续性动词表示的动作是一种不断延续动作，这个动作不仅有延长性，而且也有影响性。例如：keep，work，know，walk，have，learn，stand，lie，wait，live，watch，sing，read，sleep 和 be 动词+表语结构 etc.。短暂性动词亦称瞬间动词、非延续性动词、瞬时动词，说明动作不能延续下去，该动作发生后，又马上结束，产生某一种后果。这种后果之后，动作再也不能够继续下去。例如：buy，borrow，open，close，come，go，catc

2、h a cold，die，fall ill，get to know，marry，leave，join，start，set out，arrive，reach，begin，stop，shut，put，put on，get up，turn off，wake，meet，receive，accept，finish，end，complete，become，break，give，jump，etc.一、短暂性动词的常见用法 1.短暂性动词可以用于现在完成时态。例如：The TV play has begun.电视剧已经开始了。Has Mike borrowed a Chinese-English dictio

3、nary？迈克借到一本汉英词典了吗？2.短暂性动词的动作极为短暂，不能持续下去，所以在现在完 成时态中短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，如 for two months，since five years ago，since she arrived here 等连用。再看下列例句：她的母亲死了两年了。误：Her mother has died for two years.正：Her mother has been dead fro two years.他病了一个月了。误：He has fallen ill for a month.正：He has been ill for a month.

4、两句中的动词 die 和 fall 均为短暂性动词，现在完成时态句 子的动词如果是短暂性动词，就不能和表示一段时间的状语 for two years 和 for a month 连用。我们归纳能够用表示持续状态的相应的 延续性动词转换成短暂性动词。常见的列表如下：上述误句中的一段时间状语可以改成过去的时间状语，完成时态可以改成过去时态，句意与原句句意相同。Her mother died two years ago.He fell ill a month ago.除此之外，我们还可以采用句型：It is/has been+time+since.和“时间+has paased+since.表达原句

5、的意思。如：It is/has been two years since her motehr died.It is/has been a month since he fell ill.Two years has passed since her mother died.A month has passed since he fell ill.3.短暂性动词用于完成时态的否定句，意思已是一种可以延续的态，由此可以和 for 或 since 引导的时间状语连用。例如：I havent visited him for a long time.我已经好久没有拜访他了。Tom hasnt heard

6、 from her since three years ago.自从三年前以来，汤姆没有收到她的来信了。4.短暂性动词的否定形式和 until/till 连用，构成“主语+not+短暂性动词+until/till.”句型，意为“直到才”。例如：The students will go out untill/till the rain stops.学生一直等到雨停才会出去。We cant arrive there until tomorrow.直到明天我们才能达到那儿。5.在 while 引导的时间状语从句中，表达意思是一段时间，就不用短暂性动词，但是连词 when 可以，因为“when”既可以

7、表示“点时间”，也可以表示“段时间”，例如：误：While she went to college，she found she was a poor speaker.正：When she went to college，she found she was a poor speaker.当上大学时，她发现她没有口才。6.how long 结构不能与含有短暂性动词的完成时态的肯定式连用，但是否定式可以。例如：误：How long have you bought your car？正：How long have you had your car？正：When did you buy your car

8、？正：How long have you not bought your car？例如：1.His grandfather has died for ten years.(F)His grandfather has been dead for ten years.(T)2.My brother has joined the army for five years.(F)My brother has been in the army for five years.(T)My brother has been an armyman for ten years.(F)3.He has gone aw

9、ay for a week.(F)He has been away for a week.(T)4.The film has begun for fifteen minutes.(F)The film has been on for fifteen minutes.(T)5.Mrs.Smith hasnt left her hometown for twenty years.（T）6.The little girl hasnt come to my home for a long time.（T）7.I havent borrowed the books from the library fo

10、r two months.（T）表示动作的连续性，就要把非延续性动词转换成相应的延续性动词或短语，具体转换如下：come/go/reach/arrivebe in/at,leavebe away from,borrowkeep,buyhave,joinbe in/be a member of,diebe dead,start/beginbe on,finish/endbe over,openbe open(adj.),closebe closed(adj.),marrybe married fall asleep/get to sleep be asleep lose not have put on wear catch/get a cold have acold get to know know have/has gone to have been in