_献给艾米丽的一朵玫瑰花_中艾米丽的变态形象解读_张文博.docx

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1、威廉 福克纳是享誉世界的美国现代小说家。作为美国乃至世界上最好的故事叙述 者之一，福克纳在现代文学技巧方面是一个成功的革新者。他着力于挖掘隐藏在故事背 后的东西 悲剧或苦难的根源，而不是悲剧或苦难本身。福克纳的小说之所以能成功， 是因为他有着非凡的表现情感的能力，善于描写难以描述的情感：疯狂，分裂，扭曲， 怪诞，以及灵魂深处不为人所知的隐秘世界。 变态心理学本身并不是一门单一的学科，它在对人的变态心理和变态行为作为病理 学描述的同时，也必然涉及主体的社会，家庭，伦理道德，历史文化等多方面影响因素， 承载了文化反思和对生命自由的呼吁。福克纳在文学作品中巧妙利用变态心理艺术化， 将悲喜剧的交融性和

2、推理快感的猎奇性融为一体，形成了作品中的特殊美学特色。福克 纳在变态人物形象的创作过程中传达了对人类文化本质的反思与批判，通过艺术真实来 强化人类自省，变态形象恰是他内心渴望的更合理更美好的精神寄托。本文通过对福克 纳最著名的短篇小说献给艾米丽的一朵玫瑰花中人物艾米莉的变态行为及心理进行 剖析，认识并反思变态心理和行为；理解和探求艺术家独特的文学写作技巧，分析其作 品中变态人物的创造意图以及作家的人文忧患和作 品的创新意义。 本文主要分为四部分 ： 第一部分阐述以人文科学的基准加以界定的变态心理是艺术表现的特殊形式，作者 以一种特殊的心理律动创造人物形象，表达常人不能理解的丑陋、扭曲的人性和行

3、为， 完成对这种特殊角色的厚重人文关怀。分析艺术作品态心理形象的种类和特征，叙述文 艺创作与变态心理之间密不可分的联系。同时借用弗洛伊德的精神分析学观点论述艺术 形象的变态心理形成过程。 第二部分首先对艾米丽在作品中的变态心理、行为的表现及成因进行细致的分析。 对变态主人公艾米丽从重压之下产生的人格障碍、内心极度孤独感，以及缺 失社会支持 三个方面进行分析，得出福克纳在描写在南方传统重压下心智失常的南方女性的悲惨遭 遇中，深刻地表现了这些没落家族的腐败，旧传统的瓦解以及处在这一过程中人们的傍 惶和痛苦的探索。同时，从福克纳对艾米丽品行怪异的性变态书写轨迹上，笔者发现福 克纳突出谴责了南方传统中

4、的淑女制度、清教妇道观对南方妇女的摧残。 第三部分从福克纳的文学创作技巧和变态形象的刻画的紧密结合入手，从哥特和恐 怖效应、象征手法，和叙述技巧三个方面探讨文学技巧产生的强烈艺术效果以及对变态 人物的内心世界和作品主题的丰富和深化。 第四部分 论述福克纳在创作变态人物形象的过程中传递出的人文忧患。阐明了从人 物艾米丽身上折射出福克纳的人文忧患：他的女性观点及对父权制禁锢和摧残女性的谴 责和揭露。 小说的完成状态， .具有一定的内涵、意味，其中包括作者的倾向、态度或情感等创 摘要 东北林业大学硕士学位论文 作主体因素。本篇论文得出福克纳创作出这部经典作品中的特殊人物 一 变态艾米丽在 阐明心理学

5、意义的同时具有突破性的文学创新。小说的变态人物是福克纳对美好未来精 神努力的产物，他以深刻入微、精炼、传神的笔墨揭示了这类变态人物的存在状态和潜 层意识，为人们提供了认识一些人物心理弱点的特殊和突出的范本。他发掘的病态人物 形象因社会环境压抑而变态，因社会发展与主观愿望的矛盾而发展为悲剧，因性爱感情 压抑变为变态的典型，这些源于生活中的变态人物显得更写实、更深刻，从而体现了社 会与个体相互作用、文化与传统观念共同导致的 “ 人性畸形 ” 。他独辟蹊径地将变态心理 与其经典的创作技巧紧密结合，不仅抓住了西方社会某些普遍的、本质性的问题，而且 成功地将现实主义、自然主义与现代主义融为一 体，体现出

6、独特的艺术魅力。在美国南 方文艺复兴的整体过程中，擅长描写和表现人类黑暗心理具有变态人格或行为的艺术家 不乏其人，如艾伦坡、霍桑、比尔斯、马克吐温等等。福克纳独到之处在于他将哥特恐 怖小说和传奇手法与变态心理有机地结合起来，把传奇般的情节用入严肃 小说。 哥特小 说中的死亡，暴力、凶杀、性变态的情节和阴森恐怖神秘的气氛同侦探推理小说的手法 结合在一起，产生了强烈的艺术效果，并以此帮助表现人物的变态心理和揭示人性深处 的黑暗和扭曲。正因为这种巧妙的融合，在用哥特小说和推理小说来进行道德探索和社 会批判方 面，他远在爱伦 坡之上。 关键词变态心理；人格障碍；文学技巧 ;，人性扭曲；父权制 Abst

7、ract Abstract Faulkner is one of the modem American novelists who have gained a worldwide reputation as one of the best story-tellers in America or even the world. William Faulkner is a great and successfid avant-garde experimenter in modem literary techniques. He seems more interested in what goes

8、on beneath the surface the of a story-in the source of a tragedy or misery rather than in tragedy or misery itself. And his ability to convey feeling contributes a lot to the success of his novel. He depicts the feelings can5t be described : insanity, split, distortion, grotesque, and the secret unp

9、lumbed depths of the soul Abnormal psychology itself is not a single subject, while we use it to describe the abnormal psychology and abnormal human behaviors as the pathology, it also concerns main social, family, ethical, historical and cultural and factors. The art of abnormal psychology carries

10、the appeal of cultural reflection and free life. Blending the tragedy and comedy, and the pleasure of reasoning and curiosity of adventures together, Faulkner artfully uses abnormal psychology in his literary works, which forms the special aesthetic characteristics of his works. In the process of cr

11、eating the abnormal character, Faulkner conveys his criticism and reflection of the essence of culture. He strengthens the human consciousness by self-examination through the reality of art. Abnormal images are the spiritual expectations which are much better and more rational in his inner desire. T

12、hrough the panoramic analysis of the psychology and abnormal behaviors of the character Emily in A Rose for Emily (which is William Faulkner?s most famous short story), we understand and evaluate, identify and reflect on abnormal psychology and behavior, exploring the writer artistic technique, huma

13、nistic care and the literary significances of the character in the works . There are six parts in this thesis: Chapter One is a general introduction about William Faulkner and the novel. The first part of Chapter Two presents abnormal psychology defined from the perspective of humanities and as a sp

14、ecial form of artistic expression. With a special psychological rhythm, the authors created characters with an ugly5 crazy and distorted human nature and behaviors that ordinary people can not understand. That completes the deep humanistic care for the special roles. Chapter Two also analyzes the ty

15、pes and characteristics of abnormal psychology portrayed in the work and describes inseparable link between the literary creation and the abnormal psychology. At the same time Chapter Two discusses the formation of abnormal psychology with Freuds point of view about psychoanalysis， In Chapter Three，

16、 we first analyze Emilys abnormal psychology and behaviors in this 东北林业大学硕士学位论文 works in detail. This analysis is from three aspects: Emilys personality disorders, extreme loneliness, and lack of social support. Through Faulkner description of the mental disorders of women under the traditional repr

17、ession, he profoundly revealed the declining familys corruption and the collapse of old traditions, as well as the hovering and misery of the people in this process. Also, the portrayal of Emilys bizarre sexual perversion makes us clear about that Faulkner intensely condemned the destruction of Sout

18、h women brought by the tradition of the South ladies system and the Puritan concept of womanhood. Chapter Four analyses how the inner world of the abnormal character in the novel are deepened and enriched from three perspectives: the grotesque and horror effects, symbolism and narrative techniques,

19、the intense artistic effects with the close combination of abnormal psychology and Faulkners literary techniques. Chapter Five presents Faulkners concerns reflected from the abnormal characters with the perspective of the times and society. We conclude Faulkners condemnation on the patriarchy. Chapt

20、er Six is a conclusion about the whole paper. In this paper, we conclude that Faulkners distinctive quality is his perfect union of Gothic fiction unique techniques, and abnormal psychology, which performs intensive artistic effects. In William Faulkner refined, vivid, and deeply penetrating short s

21、tory, he revealed the existence of such abnormal character, providing people an outstanding and special model for realizing the psychology behind the vulnerability of people. Faulkner combined abnormal psychology closely with literary techniques, which clarified the significance of psychology as wel

22、l created a breakthrough and innovation in literature. In the matter of exploring the morality and social criticism with Gothic novels and detective novels, he is far above Edgar Allan Poe. Keywords abnormal psychology; personality disorder; literary techniques; distorted human nature; Patriarchy -I

23、V- t Contents Contents m . i Abstract . . III 1 Introduction . 1 1.1 Biography of William Faulkner . 1 1.1.1 The Purpose of the Study Historical Background . . . 2 1.1.2 Literary Background . 4 1.2 Introduction and Research At Home and Abroad on A Rose for Emily . 6 2 Abnormal Psychology in Literatu

24、re . 7 2.1 The Humanistic Definition of Abnormal Psychology . . . : . 7 2.2 The Types and Characteristics of Abnormal Psychology . 8 2.3 Literary Creation and Abnormal Psychology . . . 10 2.4 The Psychoanalysis from Freud . 11 3 The Manifestations and Causes of Emilys Abnormal Psychology . 14 3.1 Di

25、storted Personality . 14 3.1.1 Extreme loneliness . 14 3.1.2 Lack of Social Support . 16 3.1.3 Suppressed Desire and Instinct . 18 3.2 Sexual Perversion . 20 4 Literary Techniques in Portraying the Abnormal Character Emily . 23 4.1 The Twisted Soul in a Gothic World . 23 4.2 The Indication of Emilys

26、 Tragedy in Symbolism . 26 4.2.1 Object Symbol . 26 4.2.2 Character Symbol . 27 4.3 Emilys Mysterious Life in the Unique Narration . 28 4.3.1 Use of Narrative Duration . 28 4.3.2 Use of Narrative Order . 30 5 Faulkners Humanistic Concerns Reflected from the Abnormal Character . 32 5.1 Valuation on S

27、outhern Women . 32 5.2 Condemnation to the Patriarchy . 34 Conclusion . 37 Notes . 39 Bibliography . 41 Papers Published in the Period of M.A. Education . 43 东北林业大学硕士学位论文 Acknowledgement 44 1 Introduction 1 Introduction 1.1 Biography of William Faulkner William Faulkner, enjoying world-wide populari

28、ty, now is recognized as the greatest American novelist of the twentieth century, by universal content of critics and common readers. Being deep-rooted in the life of the American South, earnestly concerned about the fate of human beings, and courageous in artistic exploration, Faulkner has made out

29、standing contributions to treasure-house of world literature by creating a large number of works characterized by a unique artistic style, a strong local color, and a profound consciousness of history Instinctively, Faulkner loved this land where he was bom and grew up; and what more, he took obsess

30、ive interest in his aristocratic background and legendary ancestors. However, in addition to being a native southerner Faulkner is meanwhile a righteous writer with a sober mind, who is all the time conscious of the innate evil of American South. As a result, he couldn help feeling guilty, and was a

31、ccordingly thrown into a quandary filled with love as well as hatred. Anyhow he was fortunate and sensible enough to take literary creation as his lifelong course. By this means he managed to write in an indirect way his dilemma into so many classic works and let loose his pressure to a great extent

32、. Faulkner was an imaginative writer. Among his large body of writings, the setting for most of his short stories, and all but two of his nineteen novels, was the American South, and especially his hometown, the state of Mississippi. And almost all his masterpieces belong to the Yoknapatawpha saga,

33、such as The Sound and the Fury (1929), As I Lay Dying (1930), Light in August (1932), Absalom, Absalom! (1936) and Go Down, Moses (1942). In these novels, he writes about the histories of a number of Southern aristocratic families such as the Sartorises, the Compsons, the Sutpens and the McCaslins.

34、Thus the Yoknapatawpha saga forms a history of its own, one handed down through oral tradition from generation to generation. All his life Faulkner was a teller of tales, and many of his longer works are organized around short stories. In Faulkner fiction, some of his strongest characters are women.

35、 In his opinion, women were closer than men to nature, labor and the instinctual life. As a result, they were the great sustaining forces in a family or a civilization. As the weaker member of the Southern society, most of them are twisted, degraded and even destroyed by the Southern society. Faulkn

36、er treats them with great sympathy. While he tries to condemn the cruelty and brutality of the Southern tradition to the Southern women, he also expresses his great admiration of women for their endurance, honesty, sacrifice, compassion and generosity. In his works, he generally 东北林业大学硕士学位论文 showed

37、a bleak picture of human society, where violence and cruelty were frequently included. His intention was to show the evil, harsh events in contrast to such eternal virtues as love, honor, pity, compassion, and self-sacrifice, and thereby expose the faults of society. His philosophy was that in the l

38、ong run the brotherhood of man would triumph 1.1.1 The Purpose of the Study Historical Background William Faulkner was bom on September 25 in New Albany Mississippi, and raised in nearby Oxford where he spent most of his life. He was both fortunate in his place of birth and time of birth. His Southe

39、rn family had a fairly long tradition and was perhaps the most important of all the influences that made him become a major writer in American literature. As a Southern writer, Faulkner succeeds in employing the Souths special history and politics and his own sufferings in his novels. Before the Civ

40、il War, the agricultural economy was the sole foundation of the South5s economy and the slave system was deeply rooted there. The great majority of the white men in the South were Anglo Saxons. The slave system became the focus of conflict between the North and the South. Thus the American Civil War

41、 (1861-1865) broke out, which brought nothing but bad effects to Southern society. The Civil War played a very important role in the development of Southern literature, and the effects of the Civil War left a definite mark on attitudes and emotions. Though the culture and tradition received hard blows during the Civil War and went into decline during the “Reconstruction” pe