高考英语高分写作指导(1).ppt

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1、英英语语书书面面表表达达指指导导 Beautify your Composition高考作文的华丽变身高考作文的华丽变身遇遇难难心心不不慌慌，遇遇易易心心更更细细。1.所选题材及体裁都非常贴近考生生活，所选题材及体裁都非常贴近考生生活，实际具有时代特点，紧扣与学生相关的实际具有时代特点，紧扣与学生相关的 社会热点及学生的生活与学习。社会热点及学生的生活与学习。2.词数要求词数要求100，既要求表，既要求表 达事实信息，又要陈述个人观点，对考达事实信息，又要陈述个人观点，对考 生生思维和表达能力思维和表达能力的要求提高了。的要求提高了。3.开头或开头或/和结尾都已经给出，无文体要和结尾都已经给出

2、，无文体要 求，求，主要考查考生的表达能力。主要考查考生的表达能力。1.词数都符合试题要求。词数都符合试题要求。2.都覆盖了所有要点，并进行了分段表达，都覆盖了所有要点，并进行了分段表达，基本上是基本上是3段；段；3.所用句型以简单句为主，但是使用了一所用句型以简单句为主，但是使用了一定量的高级词汇，大量的短语和句型，丰定量的高级词汇，大量的短语和句型，丰富的句式结构增强了表达的效果。富的句式结构增强了表达的效果。4.都有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使都有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。全文结构紧凑。高考评分标准高考评分标准第五档（第五档（21-25）：完全完成试题规定的任务，完全

3、完全完成试题规定的任务，完全达到了预期的写作目的，达到了预期的写作目的，覆盖所有的内容要点覆盖所有的内容要点，用了，用了丰丰富的语法结构，语法与高级词汇富的语法结构，语法与高级词汇有有少些错误，全篇，全篇流畅，流畅，连词使用较好连词使用较好。第四档（第四档（16-20）：完全完成试题规定的任务完全完成试题规定的任务，达到，达到了预期的写作目的，写漏了一两个要点，了预期的写作目的，写漏了一两个要点，语法和词汇基语法和词汇基本正确，本正确，有少些错误，主要是有少些错误，主要是想使用高级词汇与复杂句想使用高级词汇与复杂句子所致。子所致。第二档第二档（6-10）：未适当完成试题规定的任务，未适当完成试

4、题规定的任务，有要点，但表达不清晰，只有一些句子可读。有要点，但表达不清晰，只有一些句子可读。第一档第一档（1-5）：未完成试题规定的任务，只：未完成试题规定的任务，只是一些字词的堆积，不成句，让读者根本不明白是一些字词的堆积，不成句，让读者根本不明白写什么。写什么。0分：空白，或者抄写一些无关的东西。分：空白，或者抄写一些无关的东西。第三档（第三档（11-15）：大错（时态、句子结构等）大错（时态、句子结构等）超过超过五六五六处，不能及格，写漏了一些内容，但覆盖处，不能及格，写漏了一些内容，但覆盖了主要要点，基本上让人能够看懂，基本达到了预了主要要点，基本上让人能够看懂，基本达到了预期目的。

5、期目的。高考阅卷特点：高考阅卷特点：1.1.阅卷时间阅卷时间短短；2.2.阅卷的速度阅卷的速度快快；3.3.阅卷老师的心理状态：阅卷老师的心理状态：给分中庸给分中庸平均分平均分 1515 4.4.高考卷其余部分是标准化计分高考卷其余部分是标准化计分书面表达是提书面表达是提高高分分数数最大的潜力股最大的潜力股15分的作文中规中矩，该对的都对，包括分的作文中规中矩，该对的都对，包括内容要点的完整，语法与词形的正确，但内容要点的完整，语法与词形的正确，但句式简单，没有多少亮点。而句式简单，没有多少亮点。而20多分的作多分的作文句型词汇方面就做了很好的包装，它的文句型词汇方面就做了很好的包装，它的句子

6、如人穿的衣服，它已经不是普通校服，句子如人穿的衣服，它已经不是普通校服，而是李宁、耐克等名牌，所以让人觉得很而是李宁、耐克等名牌，所以让人觉得很“拽拽”，而高考英语写作要的就是这种很，而高考英语写作要的就是这种很“拽拽”的感觉的感觉.小小 结结1515分和分和2020多分的作多分的作文到底差在哪里？文到底差在哪里？高考作文评分原则高考作文评分原则形式上形式上胜人一筹胜人一筹，也就是文章结构，谴词造句，也就是文章结构，谴词造句内容要点，发挥想象，适当拓展内容要点，发挥想象，适当拓展书面表达在评阅书面表达在评阅时遵循三原则时遵循三原则语言第一位（语言高级）语言第一位（语言高级）内容第二位（要点齐全

7、）内容第二位（要点齐全）结构第三位（文章分段）结构第三位（文章分段）一、高级词汇和句式一、高级词汇和句式二、修辞手法二、修辞手法三、有效的连词三、有效的连词四、名人名言或谚语四、名人名言或谚语语言第一位（语言高级）语言第一位（语言高级）漂亮、地道漂亮、地道1.高级词汇短语词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。英语水平的一个重要标志。词汇使用的原则词汇使用的原则人靠衣装，文靠词装人靠衣装，文靠词装 1、词组优先原则、词组优先原则2、地道原则。、地道原则。3、避免重复原则、避免重复原则4、后、后、高高、长原则长原则 后学到、较高级、较长词汇

8、。后学到、较高级、较长词汇。四四项项原原则则1、词组优先原则、词组优先原则原文A new railway is being built in my hometown.修正A new railway is under construction in my hometown.2、地道原则、地道原则原文Through traveling,I learned a lot of knowledge.修正Through traveling,I gainedobtained a lot of knowledge.4、后高长原则后学到、较高级、较长词汇。原 词 替换词hard diligentlyvery r

9、ather extremelypay attention to attach importance tohappy delighted enjoyablemore and more the increasing number of3、避免重复原则、避免重复原则原文I like reading while my brother likes watching television.修正I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.Adj.聪明的、脑筋好的聪明的、脑筋好的cleversmartwisebrightintellig

10、ent电脑在我们生活中的作用是十分重要的。1.Computers are very important in our life.2.Computers play a very important role in our puters are of great importance in our life.EXEX、运用高级词汇：、运用高级词汇：As a result,the plan failed.(一般一般)She went to Austria in order to study music.(一般一般)Suddenly I thought out a good idea.(一般一般)Th

11、e plan turned out to be a failure.The plan turned out to be a failure.(高级高级)She went to Austria for the purpose of studying She went to Austria for the purpose of studying music.music.(高级高级)A good idea occurred to me./A good idea suddenly struck me(高级高级)At the news of her deathAt the news of her dea

12、th,he went.he went.(高级高级)She has trouble in pronouncing the wordShe has trouble in pronouncing the word.(高级高级)When he heard she had died,he went pale with sorrow.(一般一般)She cant correctly pronounce the word.(一般一般)运用高级词汇：运用高级词汇：2，句式多样，文章增，句式多样，文章增“靓靓”使用较丰富的句式：使用较丰富的句式：运用得当的句子结构运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇

13、文章因可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉此而生辉 他昨天下午来的。1.He came here yesterday afternoon.2.He didnt come here until yesterday afternoon.3.Not until yesterday afternoon did he come here.4.It was yesterday afternoon that he came here.思考：什么样的作文会成为一篇思考：什么样的作文会成为一篇好作文好作文 无遗漏信息点（审题）无遗漏信息点（审题）篇章条理清晰：分段和过渡词篇章条理清晰：分段和过渡词句式多

14、样句式多样地道的高级词汇和恰当的词组地道的高级词汇和恰当的词组思考：你能想到的好句式有哪思考：你能想到的好句式有哪些？些？强调句强调句倒装句倒装句 with复合结构复合结构advancedsentences定语从句定语从句名词性从句名词性从句非谓语动词非谓语动词常用谚语常用谚语被动句被动句化腐朽为神奇十十 式一、将两个简单句合并为并列句。一、将两个简单句合并为并列句。操作难度 写作效果1.You can do it.I can do it.One of us must do it.you I must do it.EitherorIf you go through the gate,youll

15、 find the entrance to Bear Country.(一般一般)Go through the gate,and youll find.Go through the gate,and youll find.(高级高级)I got up late this morning,otherwise I could have I got up late this morning,otherwise I could have caught the early bus.caught the early bus.(高级高级)I got up late this morning.I didnt

16、catch the early bus.(一般一般)The more he spoke,the more excited he felt.The more he spoke,the more excited he felt.(高级高级)When he spoke,he felt more and more excited.(一般一般)二、主动句与被动句的互换。二、主动句与被动句的互换。操作难度 写作效果The government should take immediate measures to deal with the present financial crisis.People su

17、ggest that the conference be put off.(一般一般)It is suggested that the conference be put off.It is suggested that the conference be put off.(高级高级)Immediate measures should be taken to deal with the present financial crisis.三、将陈述句改为感叹句。操作难度 写作效果1.To prevent the pollution is very important How ！2.She is

18、a clever girl What !How important it is to prevent the pollution!what a clever girl she is!四、将陈述句改为倒装句。四、将陈述句改为倒装句。操作难度 写作效果1.I could hardly understand the importance of English at that time.Hardly could I understand the importance of English at that time.2.We did not realize our mistakes until at t

19、hat time.Not until at that time did we realize our mistakes.3.Though Im weak,I will make the effort.(一般一般)Weak as I am,Ill make the effort.Weak as I am,Ill make the effort.(高级高级)五、将简单句改为强调句。五、将简单句改为强调句。操作难度 写作效果1.Smoking did great harm to his health.2.Our money is earned through hard work by our par

20、ents.It was smoking that did great harm to his health.It is through hard work that our money is earned by our parents.六、将两个简单句合并为复合句。六、将两个简单句合并为复合句。操作难度写作效果1.同位语和同位语从句（常用于描述人物、地点等介绍性文段）1)Liu Xiang is an excellent athlete.He won the first prize in Mens 110 Hurdle Race in the 2004 Olympic Games.(用同位语改

21、写),won the first prize in Mens 110 Hurdle Race in the 2004 Olympic Games.2)The word is true.The president will give our school a speech.is true the president will give our school a speech.2.定语从句（限制性/非限制性）1)The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing,and its slogan is One World,One Dream,The 2008

22、Olympic Games,.2)In my opinion,the Great Wall and the Summer Palace are well worth visiting.In my opinion,the Great Wall and the Summer Palace .3)Yesterday,we went to the East Gate,and we bought a lot of clothes.Yesterday,we went to the East Gate,.Whose slogan is One World,One Dream,will be held in

23、BJare the two places which are well worth visiting.Where we bought a lot of clothes.3.主语从句1)His wonderful performance on the stage impressed me.most was his wonderful performance on the stage.2)It satisfied me.Our school dining hall provides us with a large variety of kinds of dishes.our school dini

24、ng hall provides us with a large variety of kinds of dishes.3)I learned from the story that as long as we have patience,confidence and perseverance,we can realize our dreams.as long as we have patience,confidence and perseverance,we can realize our dreams.What impressed meWhat satisfied me is thatWh

25、at I have learnt from the story is that【推荐句型】：What surprisesastonishedsatisfiedimpressed me is thatWhat I would like to suggest advise put forward is thatWhat matters most is that What I learnconclude from the story is that4.表语从句【推荐句型】：is no longer what it used to be.我的家乡不再像以前那样了。My hometown is no l

26、onger what it used to be.5.状语从句【推荐句型】结果、程度 sothat;such that让步 no matter how what when where.=whatever,however,whenever,wherever时间 was doingwhen 1)不管前面有多少困难，我们都要学会独立的克服他们。,we should learn to overcome them independently.2)我正沿着马路走，突然我听到有人叫我。I along the road suddenly I heard my name called.No matter how

27、 many difficulties there are ahead of us,was walkingwhen七、将两个简单句合并为一个由七、将两个简单句合并为一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句操作难度写作效果1.Recently many middle school students spend their money on unnecessary things.Different people have different opinions about it.Recently many middle school students spend their mon

28、ey on unnecessary things,which arouses people to think differently2.Many boys learn to smoke.It does harm to their health.Many boys learn to smoke,.whichWhich does harm to their health.八、八、It作形式主语或形式宾语句型作形式主语或形式宾语句型 操作难度写作效果1.You pretend to know what you dont know.Its no good.2.It is easy to get on

29、with Pam.I find.Its no good pretending to know what you dont know.I find it easy to get on with Pam.九、分词结构代替状语/定语从句 操作难度写作效果1.If you work harder,you will do better in the exam next time.,you will do better in the exam next time.2.Because my friend was frightened of losing his job,he said nothing to

30、the police.,my friend said nothing to the police.Working hard Frightened of losing his job 2.The moon travels round the earth once every month.The moon is a natural satellite of the earth.The moon，traveling round the earth once every month，is a natural satellite of the earth.与信件和公用电话相比，手机和网络更快也更方便。与

31、信件和公用电话相比，手机和网络更快也更方便。(广东广东)Compared with letters and public phones，mobile phones and the Internet are faster and much more convenient.十、十、with 引导的短语或者复合结构引导的短语或者复合结构 操作难度 写作效果With+宾语+adj./adv./介词短语/to dodoingdone常用句型with a population of.with a total area ofwith a long history of years1)这个地区占地2000平方

32、千米，人口10万。This area covers an area of 2000 square kilometers,.2)我们学校周围种了很多花和树，吸引了大量的学生来参观。,it attracts a large number of people.3）没有做完作业，这个小孩不敢去上学。,the boy dared not go to school.4)这两个男人早早就睡了，蜡烛烧了一个晚上。The two men went to bed early,.with a population of 100,000.With so many trees and flowers surroundi

33、ng our school.with candles burning a night long With homework not finished 一、一、肯定不如双否好肯定不如双否好二、二、陈述不如倒装妙陈述不如倒装妙三、三、主动不如被动巧主动不如被动巧四、从句不如分词傲四、从句不如分词傲高级句式使用的原则：抓住高考阅卷老师的心理的秘诀高级句式使用的原则：抓住高考阅卷老师的心理的秘诀 誊写规范不要少誊写规范不要少 修辞的使用在书面表达中算作很大的亮点，在高中阶段很修辞的使用在书面表达中算作很大的亮点，在高中阶段很少有学生会注重修辞的应用。双重否定也是种修辞，而且对少有学生会注重修辞的应用。

34、双重否定也是种修辞，而且对于考生来说，只要稍加注意，可以在文章中设计双重否定的于考生来说，只要稍加注意，可以在文章中设计双重否定的句子。就变成了亮点句，起到强调作用。句子。就变成了亮点句，起到强调作用。一、肯定不如双否好一、肯定不如双否好I couldnt have made so much progress in English without his help.I have made great progress in English with his help.The postman comes on time every day.The postman never fails to c

35、ome on time倒装是一种最简单易行的使句子呈现亮点的方法。在高中阶段只需掌握倒装的四种形式，足以应对书面表达，如何应用倒装，有很多方法和技巧。1.Only when we realize the importance of environmentalprotection can we solve the problem of pollution.2.So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.3.Diligent as he was,he failed in passing the exam.4.By no means sho

36、uld teenagers get into the habit of smoking.二、陈述不如倒装妙二、陈述不如倒装妙1.否定词开头：否定词开头：2.Not until/till 5 pm.did he come here yesterday.3.It was not until/till 5 pm.that he came here yesterday.1.He didnt come here until 5 pm.yesterday.把地点状语放在句首后面主谓倒装。这样做的好处之一是把地点状语放在句首后面主谓倒装。这样做的好处之一是倒装本倒装本身就是高级结构身就是高级结构，第二是，第

37、二是倒装后把真正的主语放到了句子的末尾，倒装后把真正的主语放到了句子的末尾，后面还可以继续加从句后面还可以继续加从句，使整个句子再呈现更多的亮点使整个句子再呈现更多的亮点。2.地点状语开头地点状语开头Our library is in the center of our school.In the center of our school lies our library.On the bank stand some flowers.In the sky hang little stars.Our library lies in the center of our school.It is b

38、etween the garden and the teaching building.In the center of our school lies our library，which is between the garden and the teaching building.Only in this way can we achieve our goal.3.Only的倒装句：的倒装句：Only in this way can I improve my EnglishOnly by taking exercises can we keep healthy4.as：1.Young as

39、 I am,I can manage it2.Rich as our country is,we have a lot of problems3.Badly injured as he was,he managed to take down the cars number.Try as you will,you wont manage it三、主动不如被动巧三、主动不如被动巧 英语中经常用被动语态，汉语经常用主英语中经常用被动语态，汉语经常用主动语态；英语中经常用是事物或形式主动语态；英语中经常用是事物或形式主语开头，强调一件事发生在什么人身上，语开头，强调一件事发生在什么人身上，而汉语经常用

40、人称开头强调一个人发生而汉语经常用人称开头强调一个人发生了什么事。所以使用被动语态符合英语了什么事。所以使用被动语态符合英语的习惯，如果能将整个文章中的习惯，如果能将整个文章中两个句子两个句子变成被动语态，就会呈现句型的变化，变成被动语态，就会呈现句型的变化，使整篇文章句型丰富。使整篇文章句型丰富。每次可以借五本书最多借十天每次可以借五本书最多借十天(2006NMET)We can borrow five books at most,and we can keep them for ten days.At most five books can be borrowed at a time an

41、d they can be kept for ten days.哪种表达法分数会更高？哪种表达法分数会更高？几乎所有的状语从句都可以变成独立主格或分几乎所有的状语从句都可以变成独立主格或分词结构，时间状语从句，原因状语，条件状语词结构，时间状语从句，原因状语，条件状语等。例如条件状语从句：等。例如条件状语从句：If such is the case,you should apologize to her.如何变成独立主如何变成独立主格或分词结构呢？学会下面的口诀，如果你的格或分词结构呢？学会下面的口诀，如果你的作文中有状语从句，马上可改成独立主格或分作文中有状语从句，马上可改成独立主格或分词结

42、构这个最大的亮点。词结构这个最大的亮点。四、从句不如分词傲四、从句不如分词傲口诀：一去，二看，三改。口诀：一去，二看，三改。一去：去连词；二看：看主语；三改：改分词。一去：去连词；二看：看主语；三改：改分词。第一步，去掉连词if；If such is the case,you should apologize to her.第二步，看前后两句话的主语，前后主语不一致，所以要改成独立主格；第三步，改分词，is 变成分词是being最后变成 Such being the case,you should apologize to her如果前后两句话主语一致，就变成分词结构。原文原文 The you

43、ng man couldnt help crying when he heard the bad news.修正修正 Hearing the bad news,the young man couldnt help crying.原文原文 If everything is taken into consideration,we ought to have another chance.修正修正 Everything taken into consideration,we ought to have another chance.1 When he arrives,please give me a

44、n e-mail.（使用V-ing形式）.2.To his surprise,the little girl knows so many things.（使用名词性从句）3.He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(使用强调句型)4.I passed the physics exam because of your help.(用虚拟语气）On his arriving,please give me an e-mail.What surprises him is that the

45、 little girl knows so many things.Practice 改写句子改写句子 It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.I couldnt have passed the physics exam but for your help.5.They sang and laughed as they went back to school.(使用V-ing形式)6.If you study hard,you will make rapid pr

46、ogress.（用并列句）7He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.(使用倒装句)No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.Singing and laughing,they went back to school.Study hard and youll make rapid progress.1.通过使用网络与家人联系是很方便的通过使用网络与家人联系是很方便的（2010南通模拟）南通模拟）It is convenien

47、t to keep in touch with your family by using the Internet.2.我们所需要做的我们所需要做的 是冷静下来是冷静下来,反思我们的学习方法。反思我们的学习方法。（2010扬州模拟）扬州模拟）What we need to do is to calm down and reflect on our learning method.3.只有以这种方式，只有以这种方式，我们才能进步。我们才能进步。（2010潍坊模拟）潍坊模拟）Only in this way,can we make progress.熟能生巧熟能生巧Translate the se

48、ntences4.我们对自己的态度才是最关键的我们对自己的态度才是最关键的。（2010苏州模拟）苏州模拟）It is our attitude to ourselves that matters(counts).5.坐在一盘子粽子前，这个男孩不知道如何打开他们。坐在一盘子粽子前，这个男孩不知道如何打开他们。（unwrap)（2010淄博模拟）淄博模拟）Sitting before a plate of zongzi,the boy didnt know how to unwrap them.6.正如图中所示，爱就像黑暗中的一盏灯。正如图中所示，爱就像黑暗中的一盏灯。（2008北京模拟）北京模拟

49、）As is shown in the picture,love is like a lamp in the dark.但是值得提醒的是，同学们在使但是值得提醒的是，同学们在使用复杂的句型和结构时，要有把用复杂的句型和结构时，要有把握能正确地表达；也要注意分寸，握能正确地表达；也要注意分寸，应根据书面表达的内容和篇章结应根据书面表达的内容和篇章结构而定，做到地道得体，千万不构而定，做到地道得体，千万不能生搬硬套，画蛇添足。能生搬硬套，画蛇添足。多看 多背 多模仿 多翻译走近高考范文走近高考范文Fill in the blanks（2009 山东）山东）1._(众所周知）众所周知）that Ch

50、ina is a country with a long history.2._ (随着春随着春节的临近），节的临近），people will hold all varieties of activities.3._(自从自从我见过史密斯先生已经好久了）我见过史密斯先生已经好久了）and I miss him a lot.It is well knownWith the Spring Festival drawing nearIt has been a long time since I saw Mr.Smith（2009 北京北京）1.We bicycled to the suburbs t