2015中考英语语法精讲-复合句课件.ppt

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1、第13讲 复合句2015中考英语语法精讲一、选词填空1 Lilytold me_(how,why)she didnt go boatingyesterday.whywhosethatwas2She asked me if I knew_(whose,who)pen it was.3This novel is the most popular one_(which,that)has been published this year.4Mr.Wang didnt know if there_(is,was)an Englishevening that day.where5I hope to vis

2、it Hainan some day.Itsplace_(where,which)it is always warm.基础练习基础练习the way is to the supermarketis the way to the supermarket二、单句改错wherewhich/that1.Do you know which the way is to the supermarket？_2.Thisisthe factory wherewe visitedlastweek._3.Ive read all the books which I borrowed from thelibrary.

3、_whichthat4.The teacher told us the sun was much bigger than theearth._wasis5.Sarah said she can speak three languages when she wasyoung._cancould宾语从句宾语从句的引导词1当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用 that 引导(that 通常可以省略)。如：We found(that)mom had known the secret.我们发现妈妈已经知道了这个秘密。直击考点直击考点考点考点12当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用 whether,if 引导。如：T

4、he man kept asking whether the director would come back ornot/if the director would come back the next day.这个人不断问主任第二天是否会回来。3当宾语从句为特殊疑问句时，用 what,who,where,when,how,why,which,whose 等特殊疑问词引导。如：I dont know how they made it.我不知道他们怎么做到的。Just watch what he does.注意他做了什么。宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都要用陈述句语序。如：

5、We dont know where he lives.我们不知道他住在哪里。Do you know where he lives？你知道他住在哪里吗？考点考点2宾语从句的时态在宾语从句中，谓语动词的时态要和主句中谓语动词的时态保持一致，其一般规律为：1主句中的谓语动词如果是一般现在时，从句中的谓语动词可以用任何时态。2主句中的谓语动词如果是一般过去时，从句中的谓语动词要用相对应的过去时态。3如果从句所说的是客观真理或事实，从句中的谓语动词则要用一般现在时。考点考点3宾语从句与简单句的转换1.由连接代词或连接副词 what,how,where 等引导的宾语从句可转换为“疑问词不定式”结构。如：

6、She hasnt decided where she will go on holiday.She hasnt decided where to go on holiday.她还没决定去哪里度假。Could you tell me how I can make fruit salad?Could you tell me how to make fruit salad?你能告诉我怎么做水果沙拉吗？2动词 think,make,find 等后的宾语从句可转换为简单句，即：think/make/find宾语宾语补足语。如：I think that hes a great man.I think h

7、im a great man.我认为他是个了不起的人。考点考点4定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关系词有：关系代词：who,whom,that,whose,which关系副词：when,where,why关系词的选用1先行词指人时，通常用 who(作主语或宾语),whom(作宾语),that(作主语或宾语)。作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。如：Jimmy is the man who/that has won the first prize.吉米就是那个获得一等奖的人。The man(that/who/whom

8、)we all like is our head teacher.我们大家都喜欢的人是我们的班主任。考点考点12先行词指物时，可用 that/which 引导。若前面有介词时，只能用 which。如：The book that/which is thicker is mine.那本厚些的书是我的。The knife with which I cut the apples is very sharp.我用来切苹果的那把刀很锋利。3先行词与定语从句中某个名词有所属关系，表示“的”时，要用关系代词 whose 作定语。如：The math book whose cover is red is her

9、s.封面是红色的那本数学书是她的。4先行词为表示时间的词，且在定语从句中作时间状语时，常用关系副词 when。如：I will never forget the days when we studied together inAmerica.我永远不会忘记我们一起在美国学习的那些日子。5先行词为表示地点的词，且在定语从句中作地点状语时，常用关系副词 where。如：We spent two weeks in the city where we met for the firsttime.我们在初次相遇的城市里待了两周。注意：关系副词 when,where 只能在从句中作状语，不可充当主语或宾语

10、。6先行词为 reason(原因)，且在从句中作原因状语时，要用关系副词 why。如：Nobody knows the reason why she left this company.没有人知道她离开这家公司的原因。只能用关系代词 that 的情况1先行词前面有形容词最高级、序数词等修饰时。如：The most famous style that is created by her is the short hair.她引领的最为人们熟知的时尚潮流就是短发。The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们要做的第一件事就是获得一

11、些食物。2先行词前有 all,any,much,little,none,every,few 等词修饰时。如：Please move out all the desks that are old.请把所有旧桌子搬出去。考点考点23先行词前有 the only,the very,the last,the same 等词修饰时。如：The only thing that I want to do now is to have a big meal.我现在唯一想做的事就是大吃一顿。4 先 行 词 是 不 定 代 词 something,anything,nothing,everything 时。如：I

12、s there anything that I can do for you?我可以为你做些什么吗？5先行词同时包含人和物时。如：I can see many people and buildings that reflect on the lake.我能看到湖面上倒映出的许多的人和建筑。6主句是 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句时。如：Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?刚刚和你说话的那个女孩是谁？状语从句时间状语从句时间状语从句的引导词有 when(当时),as(当时),while(当时),till/until(直到),since(

13、自从以来),before(在 之 前),after(在 之 后),as soon as(一 就),by the time(到时)等。考点考点11when,while 和 as 引导的从句(1)when 表示主句和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前或之后。when 引导的时间状语从句中既可用延续性动词，也可用非延续性动词，多用一般过去时。如：They were talking happily when I walked past the door.当我走过门口时，他们正谈得很开心。(2)while 强调主句和从句动作同时发生，或主句动作在从句动作发生的过程中发生，所引导的时间状语

14、从句只能用延续性动词，且多用进行时态。如：My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.我做作业的时候，妈妈在做饭。(3)as 表示“一边一边”，强调从句动作伴随主句动作发生，所引导的从句中既可用延续性动词，也可用非延续性动词。如：As they walked along the lake,they sang happily.他们一边沿着湖边走，一边高兴地唱歌。2till/until 引导的从句(1)若主句的谓语动词为延续性动词，则主句用肯定式或否定式皆可，只是意思不同。如：He ran till it rained.他一直跑到下雨。H

15、e didnt run until it rained.直到下雨了，他才开始跑。(2)若主句的谓语动词为非延续性动词，则主句要用否定式，从句用肯定式。如：The bus wont start until everybody gets on.公共汽车直到每个人都上车了才会发动。3since 引导的从句since 表示“自从以来”，主句谓语动词一般用现在完成时，从句谓语动词一般用过去时。如：The family has lived in the old house since the father died.自从父亲过世，这家人就一直住在这栋老房子里。4before 和 after 引导的从句be

16、fore 引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前；after 引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。如：We turned off the light before we left.我们在离开前关了灯。He went to bed after he finished his work.他做完工作后就去睡觉了。5as soon as 引导的从句as soon as 表示“一就”，若主句为一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表将来。如：I will throw away the broken shoes as soon as I buy a new one.等我一买到新鞋，我就会把这双破的鞋扔

17、掉。原因状语从句原因状语从句的引导词有 because(因为),since(因为，既然),as(因为，由于),for(因为)等。如：He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill.他昨天没来上学，因为他生病了。Since you are free,you can help him.既然你没什么事，你可以帮帮他。David just waited there as he didnt know what to do.因为不知道该做什么，大卫就等在那儿。The Smiths had to start early,for there was a

18、 long way to go.史密斯一家不得不早早动身，因为有很长的路要走。注意：because 和 so 不能同时使用。考点考点2地点状语从句地点状语从句的引导词有 where(哪里),wherever(无论哪里)。如：Id like to go where the air is very fresh.我想去空气比较清新的地方。Wherever you go,Ill be right here waiting for you.无论你去哪儿，我都会在这儿等你。考点考点3条件状语从句条件状语从句的引导词有 if(如果),unless(除非，如果不),as long as(只要)等。在条件状语从

19、句中，若主句用一般将来时，从句可用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如：He will return if he finds the truth.如果发现真相，他就会返回。考点考点4比较状语从句比较状语从句的引导词有 as.as(和一样),than(比)等。如：Peter is not as tall as his brother.彼得不像他哥哥那么高。目的状语从句目的状语从句的引导词有 so that(以便),in order that(为了)等。如：He stood up so that/in order that he could see the blackboardclearly.他站起来，以

20、便能清楚地看到黑板。考点考点5考点考点6结果状语从句结果状语从句的引导词有 so/such.that.(如此以至于)等。注意：so.that.和 such.that.的区别：(1)so.that 引导结果状语从句的结构为“so形容词/副词that 从句”。如：She is so beautiful that we all like her.她如此美丽以至于我们都喜欢她。考点考点7(2)such.that 引导结果状语从句的结构为“such(a/an)形容词可数名词/不可数名词that 从句”。如：Its such fine weather that all of us want to go t

21、o the mountain.天气如此之好，我们每个人都想去爬山。They are such lovely flowers that the girl buys all of them.这些花如此漂亮，以至于女孩把它们全买了下来。(3)当名词前有 much,many,little,few 等词修饰时，只能用so。如：There is so much water left that its enough for a 7-day trip.所剩的水还很多，足够维持七天的旅程。(4)当 little 意为“小”时，仍用 such。如：They are such little sheep that w

22、e are worrying about whetherthey can survive the winter.这些羊这么瘦小，我们都担心它们是否能熬过冬天。让步状语从句让 步 状 语 从 句 的 引 导 词 有 though/although(虽 然),eventhough/if(即使，尽管)等。如：Although/Though shes not beautiful,shes kind and sincere.虽然不漂亮，但她善良而真诚。注意：although/though 不能和 but 连用。考点考点8宾语从句()1.Could you tell me_?Certainly.In ha

23、lf an hour.Awhen will the high speed train arriveBwhen the high speed train will arriveCwhen would the high speed train arriveDwhen the high speed train would arriveB 宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除 A、C 项；“Could youtell me.？”是委婉的语气，不是表示过去时，故 D 项时态不对。故选 B。()2.Its surprising that he got such ahigh mark!Yes.I wonder_it

24、.A.how did he doCwhy did he doBhow he didD.that he didB 宾语从句要用陈述句语序，且是询问方式。故选 B。()3.Mary isnt in the classroom.Do you know _？Awhere she isBwhere is sheCwho is sheA 宾语从句要用陈述句语序，且是询问地点。故选 A。()4.Could you please tell me_？Theyre over there.Awhere are the restroomsBwhere were the restroomsCwhere the rest

25、rooms areDwhere the restrooms wereC 宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除 A、B 项；“Could youplease tell me.？”是委婉的语气，不是表示过去时，故 D 项时态不对。故选 C。()5.Whats your plan,Mike？Anyway,please let me know _ youll leave or not.AthatBwhichCWhetherC 当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用 whether 或 if 引导，句末有 or not，故只能用 whether。故选 C。()6.Could you tell me _？Awhen w

26、ill he come hereBwhen is he coming hereCwhen he will come hereC 宾语从句用陈述句语序，故选 C。()7.Can you guess _？Ive no idea about it.Awhy was he lateBwhen shall we have the sports meetingCwhere was she bornDhow much he paid for the cameraD 宾语从句用陈述语序，故排除 A、B、C 项。故选 D。()8.Can you tell me _？OK.Go along the street,

27、and its across from the cinema.Ahow can I get to the post officeBwhere is the post officeCwhere the post office isDthe post office is whereC 宾语从句用陈述语序，故排除 A、B、D 项。故选 C。()9.Excuse me,could you tell me_？Sorry,sir.I wasnt there at that time.A.how did the accident happenB.how the accident happenedChow t

28、he accident happensB 宾语从句用陈述句语序，可排除 A 项；由答语“I wasntthere at that time”，可知用过去式。故选 B。()10.The teacher asked us _.A.when did I finish my workB.why didnt we tell him about it earlierCwhat we were interested inD.where we are going to have our lunchC ask 后接一个宾语从句，应用陈述句语序，排除 A、B项；因主句时态为一般过去时，故从句也应用相应的过去时态。

29、故选 C。()11.Lets go fishing if it _ thisweekend.But nobody knows if it _.A.is fine;will rainB.will be fine;rainsCwill be fine;will rainD.is fine;rainsA 第一空的 if 意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句，所以用一般现在时表示将来，排除 B、C 项；第二空的 if 意为“是否”，引导宾语从句，由 this weekend 可看出用一般将来时。故选 A。()12.I cant remember _ I putthe book,and I need it f

30、or my homework now.A.whereBhowCwhatDWhyA 题意：我不记得把书放在哪里了，我现在需要它来做作业。remember 后接一个宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语。故选 A。()13.I dont know _.You can go and ask Jack.A.when does the train leaveB.that we will plant trees or notCif she had come yesterdayD.what I should buy for himD know 后接一个宾语从句，应用陈述句语序，A 项错误；引导词 that 不能与 o

31、r not 连用，B 项错误；主句时态为一般现在时，由 C 项的 yesterday 可知 C 项时态错误。故选 D。()14.Lets discuss _ stopeating dog meat.A.should peopleBif should peopleCwhether people shouldC 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。故选 C。()15.Do you know _Guangzhou tomorrow?A.whether they leave forB.whether will they leave forCwhether they are leaving forC 宾语从句要用陈

32、述句语序，排除 B 项；由 tomorrow 可知用一般将来时，A 项时态不对。故选 C(用进行时表将来)。()16.We want to know _ tohelp them.A.what can we doBwhat we can doChow can we doDhow we can doB宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除 A、C 项；从句中 do缺少宾语，故只能用 what 而不能用 how 引导。故选 B。()17.Excuse me.Could you pleasetell me _？Sure.Theres a bookstore on River Road.A.where can I

33、 get a dictionaryB.where could I get a dictionaryCwhere I could get a dictionaryD.where I can get a dictionaryD 宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除 A、B 项；“Could youplease tell me.？”是委婉的语气，不是表示过去时，故 C 项时态不对。故选 D。()18.Bill asked _.Awhere did Jack go just nowBwhere does Jack go just nowCwhere Jack went just nowC asked 后接一个

34、宾语从句，应用陈述句语序。故选 C。()19.The policeman asked the boy_.A.where is his motherB.where his mother isCwhere was his motherD.where his mother wasD 根据主句中谓语动词 asked 可知从句用过去时，排除 A、B 两项；且宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除 C 项。故选 D。()20.We can use QQ to chat with eachother on the Internet.Really?Will you please show me _ it?Ahow to

35、 useChow can I useBwhat to useDwhat can I useA show me 后若跟宾语从句需用陈述句语序，故可排除C、D 两项；空后的 it 为 use 的宾语，故不能用 what。故选 A。()21.Do you know _ buythe book Harry Potter?The book is _ popular that you can buy it at anybookshop.A.where can I;soBwhere can I;suchCwhere I can;soDwhere I can;suchC 宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除 A、B

36、项；so 修饰形容词，such 修饰名词，而 popular 是形容词。故选 C。()22.Does anyone know _ the2010 World Cup is held?A.whoBwhereCWhichB know 后接一个宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where 引导。()23.Now,Ill tell you _ youshould pay attention to in an exam.A.whyBwhatCUnlessBtell 后接一个宾语从句，从句中 pay attention to 缺少宾语，故用 what 引导宾语从句。()24.Could you tell

37、me _？A.where is your schoolBhow far your school is from hereCwhich the way to your school isB tell 后接一个宾语从句，应用陈述句语序，A 项错误；C 项中的 which 作主语，故语序也错误。故选 B。()25.Mary is a girl full ofquestions.She always asks her mother _.Awhere does she come fromB.that the earthquake takes placeCwho is the greatest man i

38、n the worldDwhy the sun rose in the eastC ask 后接一个宾语从句，应用陈述句语序，排除 A 项；that 引导的是陈述句，与 ask 在意思上不符，排除 B 项；D 项讲的是一个客观事实，应用一般现在时。故选 C。()26.Could you please tell me_？Sorry,I dont know.A.how far is the supermarketB.where is Mr.BrownChow I can get to Beijing AirportD.when will your father come backC tell 后接

39、一个宾语从句，应用陈述句语序。故选 C。()27.Thank you for showing me_.A.how use this phoneB.how to use this phoneChow can I use this phoneD.that I use this phoneB show 后若跟宾语从句需用陈述句语序，故排除 C 项；A 项缺主语；从题意看应为“谢谢你展示给我看怎样使用这个电话”，故不用 that。故选 B。定语从句()1.There will be a flower show in the park_ we visited last week.AwhoCwhatBwh

40、enDWhichD 先行词 park 在从句中作 visited 的宾语，从句起到修饰先行词的作用，故就用 which。()2.Whenever he was late,he couldfind plenty of excuses_ sounded reasonable.A.whoCwhen B.whereD.whichD 先行词 excuses 指物，且在从句中作主语。故选 D。()3.Foshan is a city _ has avery long history.AwhoseBwhichCWhoB 先行词 a city 指物，且在从句中作主语。故选 B。()4.Mr.Smith _ i

41、s smoking islooking for _ she lost yesterday.Awhom;whichCthat;whoBwho;whatDwhich;whereB 先行词 Mr.Smith 指人，且在从句中作主语，故第一个空应该填 who,what she lost 意为“她所掉的东西”。故选 B。()5.Do you know the girl_ is sitting under the tree?Yes,she is my little sister.AwhatCwhomBwhichDWhoD 先行词 the girl 指人，且在从句中作主语。故选 D。()6.The last

42、 place _ wevisited was the Summer Palace.AwhereBthatCWhyB 先行词是 the last place 指物，且在从句中作宾语。故选 B。()7.The first thing _ my brother isgoing to do this afternoon is to write a letter.A.whichCwhyBthatDwhoB 先行词 thing 指物，在从句中作宾语，且前面有序数词the first 修饰，故从句用 that 引导。()8.Do you have any shoes _can match the dress

43、?A.thatBwhoCWhoseA 题意：你有能与这条连衣裙相搭配的鞋子吗？先行词shoes 指物，且在从句中作主语，故用 that。()9.Have you read the book _is about the moon?A.whatC/BitDWhichD it 和 what 不能作定语从句的引导词，故 A、B 项错误；先行词 the book 指物，且作主语，关系词不能省略，故用 which。()10.The story _ I read in thenewspaper was about a common problem among teenagers.A.WhoseCthatBw

44、hoDWhereC 先行词指物，且在从句中作宾语。故选 C。()11.People from different placescome to visit Zhaoqing _ is famous for its beautifulmountains and lakes.A.whatBwhichCwhoB 先行词 Zhaoqing 指物，且在从句中作主语，故用 which。()12.I hate those _ dont helpothers when they are in trouble.A.whoCwhatBwhichDwhereA 由题意可知先行词 those 指人，故用 who。()1

45、3.The foreigners _ visitedour school last week were from America.A.which BwhoCwhoseB 先行词 foreigners 指人，且在从句中作主语，故用 who。()14.Pauls uncle is the man _taught us math last year.A.whereCwhoBwhichDwhenC 先行词 the man 指人，在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词 who/that。()15.I still remember the park_ we first met.A.thatCwhereBwhich

46、DWhenC先行词 the park 表示地点，且在定语从句中作地点状语，故用 where。()16.Foreigners _ visit Chinaexpect to learn about Chinese culture.A.whoBwhoseCwhichA 先行词 foreigners 指人，且在从句中作主语，故选 who。()17.Remember everything_ is useful to you.A.thatBwhichCwhoA 先行词是不定代词 everything，故关系词只能用 that。()18.Even teachers cant understandsome e

47、xpressions _ their teachers use in daily life.A.whoseCthatBwhoDwhomC 先行词 some expressions 指物，在定语从句中作 use 的宾语，可用关系代词 which/that，也可省略。()19.Do you know the man_ is sitting behind Nancy?A.whatBwhichCwhoC 先行词 the man 指人，在定语从句中作主语，可用关系代词 who/that。状语从句()1.Jenny _ in the chicken whenyou called her at 5 oclo

48、ck this afternoon.Ais cookingCcooksBwas cookingDcookedB when 引导一个时间状语从句，从句为过去时，主句表示动作同时发生，故用过去进行时。()2.If our government _ attentionto controlling food safety now,our health _ in danger.A.wont pay;isBdoesnt pay;isC.wont pay;will beDdoesnt pay;will beD 题意：如果我们的政府现在不注意食品安全，我们的健康将受到威胁。if 引导一个条件状语从句，主语为将

49、来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。()3.He has to earn lots of money_ he can buy his children nice food and clothes.A.so thatCthatB.such thatDin orderA 题意：他不得不赚大量的钱，以便给他的孩子们买吃的和穿的。so that 引导结果从句，意为“以便能”。故选 A。()4.Is this kind of pet _ a petdog these days?Aas trendy asCmuch trendy thanBmore trendier thanDnot so trendier a

50、sA as/so.as.意为“与一样”，as/so.as 中间用形容词/副词的原级。故选 A。()5.Amy will ring me up when she_ in Zhaoqing.Awill arriveBhas arrivedCarrivesC when 引导一个时间状语从句，主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。()6.Would you like _ theWutong Mountain tomorrow?If my mother _,I will go with you.Aclimbing;will allowBclimbing;allowsCto climb;allowsDto