2022北京东城高三一模英语.pdf

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1、 1/8 2022 北京东城高三一模 英 语 本试卷共 11页，共 100 分。考试时长 90 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30 分）第一节 完形填空（共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，共 15 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Every year，around 20,000 American teenagers age out of foster care（寄养）at 18,and have to start their liv

2、es by themselves.Ella first became aware of foster care when her parents were considering adopting a child.Although the _(1)didnt work out,Ella often found herself thinking about that child.“Im really close with my family,and just couldnt imagine being_(2)on my own at 18,”she says.Later,Ella visited

3、 Children Services,with a list of questions,trying to _(3)what aging out looked like.One question was“Whats not being _(4)for these young people?”.Near the top of the list was furniture.“The idea of moving into an apartment and not having a bed to sleep on pulled at my heartstrings,says Ella.Ella co

4、ntacted her parents friends,asking if they had spare furniture to _(5).And a local furniture store offered free space and delivery truck.Then she formed Chair-ity,a nonprofit providing furniture for young adults who have _(6)foster care.Watching those in need receive a bed,a table-whatever-was trans

5、formational.Ella remembers Hannah,a former foster care girl who couldnt afford any furniture.When Hannah _(7)to Chair-ity,Ella asked what she needed.“Everything,”she replied.When she found her once _(8)apartment stood a full kitchen set,a bed,and a table,she said,“It really relieved my pressure.”“To

6、 think what hadnt been thought about in years could bring so much happiness to somebody was _(9),”Ella says.Today,Chair-ity has given furniture to nearly 200 young adults.As word has got out,Ella has received donations from more and more people.Shes convinced these contributions give those young peo

7、ple _(10)and confidence.1.A.plan B.job C.way D.task 2.A.occasionally B.completely C.frequently D.slightly 3.A.explain B.understand C.expect D.recall 4.A.met B.built C.meant D.kept 5.A.arrange B.sell C.fix D.donate 6.A.left B.found C.improved D.thanked 7.A.looked up B.reached out C.held on D.gave in

8、8.A.quiet B.cold C.small D.empty 9.A.promising B.puzzling C.amazing D.pressing 10.A.purpose B.freedom C.hope D.guidance 2/8 第二节 语法填空（共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，共 15 分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A A few weeks ago,I accidentally dropped a plate and it broke into a billion piec

9、es!Id had it for about 40 years.This morning,we had a parcel _(11)(deliver)to my son.He opened it and_(12)(proud)handed a new plate to me,which he had bought with his own savings,saying that he knew _(13)upset I was and wanted to surprise me!B On 15 May,2021,China became the second country_(14)(land

10、)a spacecraft on Mars.The rover,Zhurong,_(15)(carry)to Mars on board the Tianwen 1 spacecraft,which was launched in July 2020.Equipped with cameras and a radar,Zhurongs task was to search for signs of life.It _(16)(work)on Mars surface for over ten months and is in good shape.C COP26,known as“Confer

11、ences of the Parties”,was the latest in a series of 17(meeting)bringing together governments to protect the environment.Its main goal was to take measures_(18)climate change-long-term changes in world weather patterns that are linked to human activities including farming,industry and transport.Gases

12、 such as carbon dioxide,_(19)are produced by these activities,trap heat in Earths atmosphere and cause temperatures to rise,_(20)(lead)to extreme floods,heatwaves and storms.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38 分）第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2分，共 28 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A The Great Wall Marathon is desig

13、ned to be more than just a race.We want you to be able to run in amazing places,surrounded by friendly people,and exposed to new cultural experiences.Its not just about the race-its about enjoying time together with family,friends,and other running-minded spirits.Itinerary 17 May 2023 Welcome to Jiz

14、hou,Tianjin 18 May 2023 Route Inspection Day 19 May 2023 Relaxation in Jizhou with tour option 20 May 2023 Race Day 21 May 2023 Explore Beijing&.Evening Celebration Party 22 May 2023 Farewell China*On Route Inspection Day,the Race Officials will provide you with a Race Briefing,which will cover ever

15、ything from a weather forecast to a brief presentation of the start/finish procedures.All runners are expected to walk the 3.5 km section of the wall that is part of the marathon,half-marathon and 8.5 km Fun Run course.Race Officials and Medical Staff will be present to answer any questions you may

16、have.Rules&Regulations Full marathon runners must be at least 18 years old on Race Day.Half-marathon runners must be at least 16 years old.Fun Run participants must be at least 12 years old.Fun Run participants under the age of 12 are also welcome,so long as they are accompanied by a runner aged 16

17、or above.3/8 The cut-off time for all distance events is 8 hours.All runners with a net finishing time slower than 8 hours will receive a FNT(Finished No Time)on the result list.If you decide to change distances during the race,i.e.if a half-marathon runner decides to follow the marathon route,he or

18、 she will receive a certificate but not an official time.The race result will read FNT.The same applies to a marathon runner who changes distances during the race.All runners who change distances before Race Day will be registered accordingly and receive an official time.Visa Information 6-8 weeks p

19、rior to the race you will receive the service voucher which you can use for acquiring a visa.For more details,please visit us online at .21.What will participants do on Route Inspection Day?A.Enjoy the Fun Run.B.Join in a 3.5 km walk.C.Get medical insurance.D.Attend a training course.22.According to

20、 the rules,full marathon participants A.will receive a FNT on the result list B.can change distances on Race Day C.should be at least 12 years old D.will be awarded medals 23.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To advertise a sport event.B.To promote a cultural tour.C.To introduce a marathon camp.D

21、.To publicize a place of interest.B Rene Compean was no stranger to Angeles National Forest.Hed hiked the park numerous times.But when hiking along a new path,the 45-year-old was lost.As the day faded into darkness,his concern turned to fear.With only a little water in his backpack and 10%battery re

22、maining on his cellphone,Compean was unprepared for anything more than the two-hour trip hed planned.Compean climbed to a spot where he found one bar of signal.“SOS.My phone is going to die.Im lost,he texted a friend,attaching a photo showing where he was.The shot showed his legs hanging over a rock

23、 face.All Compean could do then was wait.The temperature was dropping fast.Dressed only in shorts,and a sweatshirt,the hiker was chilled to the bone.He hugged himself into a tight ball.And after spotting two mountain lions,he spent the night on high alert.Sixty miles away,Ben Kuo was working at home

24、 when he read a posting from the police,showing an image of a mans legs.The search-and-rescue teams had spent the previous night unsuccessfully looking for Compean,so they released the photo,hoping someone might recognize the location.“Ive always loved looking for where photos are taken,”Kuo says.He

25、 frequently tries to identify where movie scenes or commercials were filmed.Hes often successful.When he saw the image,he automatically pulled up a satellite map on his laptop.“Theres an amazing amount of information you can get from satellites,”he says.The first thing he noticed in 4/8 Compeans pho

26、to was plenty of greenery.After comparing it to the satellite map,Kuo realized something:“Hes got to be on the south side because therere not any green valleys on the north side.”That finding led him to an area that looked like the territory in the image.The final step was cross-referencing the orig

27、inal photo with 3-D images of the area.The locations matched!After spending 27 hours in the wilderness,Compean was found.Compeans story probably would have ended differently had it not been for the man with strong satellite skills and a sharp eye for detail.24.What caused Compean to get lost on the

28、hike?A.The thick forest.B.The unfamiliar route.C.The coming of nightfall.D.Low battery on the phone.25.Kuo was able to offer help because of _ A.his photo reading ability B.his sense of responsibility C.his professional experience D.his familiarity with the area 26.What can we learn from this story?

29、A.One good turn deserves another.B.Chance favors the prepared mind.C.Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.D.Theres no such thing as useless knowledge.C Last year scientists reported using a neural implant（神经植入物）in a mans brain to restore his ability to communicate.The man has been partially para

30、lyzed and unable to produce comprehensible speech since suffering a severe stroke.It is the latest advance in the exploding field of brain-computer interfaces（接口），or BCIs，which allow computers to read information out of a living brain.Brain-computer interfaces are possible because of two facts.The f

31、irst is that your brain contains hundreds of tiny maps.Each represents specific features of your physical feelings and intended actions.And crucially,the basic set of brain maps and their locations within the brain are very similar across individuals.Thanks to their specialized functions and univers

32、al locations,brain maps are ideal entry points for BCI technologies.Picking up signals from a brain map is only the first step in making a useful BCI.Although the location of a brain map is the same across individuals,the details-what patterns of activity within the map mean-differ from person to pe

33、rson.In a sense,the unique features of your specific brain maps serve as a kind of encryption（加密），safeguarding your specific thoughts and feelings from would-be spies.That brings us to the second fact that makes BCIs possible.Thanks to advances in machine learning,scientists have developed programs

34、that can learn to recognize key patterns in a vast sea of numbers.They train these programs to decode（解码）brain signals by feeding them tons of examples.Researchers developing BCIs often create such examples by instructing an individual to think specific thoughts at specific times,creating a neural c

35、urriculum for the program to learn from.While the universal features and locations of brain maps make them obvious entrances for BCIs,the unique features of your brain maps tend to protect them from spying eyes.In cases where BCIs have successfully read specific thoughts or intentions from a brain,i

36、t has been with the permission of the individual whose brain was being read.But there are surreptitious ways to train decoders on your brain without your knowledge.This can happen if your neural data falls into the hands of companies with detailed information about your activities.5/8 Like all techn

37、ologies,brain-computer interfaces are not necessarily good or bad.Yet while harvesting the benefits of BCIs,we need to ensure that we have the means to protect ourselves from corporations with every motive to take advantage of this technology for their financial gain.27.What can we learn about brain

38、 maps?A.They carry unique messages.B.They can process encrypted signals.C.Their functions vary from person to person.D.Their locations reveal human thinking patterns.28.What can we infer from the passage?A.BCIs can boost brain signals dramatically.B.BCIs could help recover from brain injuries.C.Mach

39、ine learning enables BCIs to read mind.D.The decoding of brain may be affected by BCIs.29.What does the underlined word“surreptitious”in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A.Secure.B.Stable.C.Standard.D.Secret.30.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.The future trend of BCIs.B.The potential risks of BCIs

40、.C.The working principle of BCIs.D.The general applications of BCIs.D Journal-based peer review-the process of subjecting a scientific research paper to the inspection of others who are experts in the same field-is generally held up as the quality assurance mechanism for research.It claims to be an

41、essential measure which prevents publishing faulty papers.Reviewing a paper can delay its publication by up to a year;is that a price worth paying to ensure the trustworthiness of the published literature?Well,yes and no.Im not yet ready to abandon journal-based peer review.Id still like to see all

42、papers pass some sort of checking stage before formal publication,but I feel the ground moving.The growing use of preprints,drafts of papers which are posted online without having been peer reviewed,is a crucial part of that shift because they bring academics back to what research publication is all

43、 about:the rapid circulation of new results so they can be read,analyzed and built upon.Publication in journals has become more about fame and this has affected both the motivations of authors and the job of reviewers.Competition for prized spots in journals drives scientists to do some of their bes

44、t work.But the excessive（过多的）rewards for publishing in top journals are encouragements to corner-cutting,as stories polished by leaving out inconvenient data are more likely to be taken up.And the job of the reviewer also becomes distorted:it is more often now to decide not whether a paper is any go

45、od,but whether it is goodenough for the journal considering publication.For top journals,that can depend as much on newsworthiness as scientific quality.These problems are well known,but the tragedy for science is that few people are willing to break away from the present system.However,as biologist

46、 Ron Vale argued recently-fittingly,in a preprint-preprints may be a way out because they dont involve a major shift away from the norm.That may seem an odd claim given that preprints have been in existence for twenty years,yet have not been adopted universally.This slow uptake is not only a reflect

47、ion of the built-in conservatism of scientists,but also a result of the widespread misunderstanding that journals wont accept manuscripts which have been posted online as preprints.There is also a fear that publication of papers without peer review risks opening the floodgates to“junk science-someth

48、ing which,so far at least,has yet to occur.6/8 Preprints enable the informal scientific discussions once restricted to correspondence between individuals.They could also become an effective outlet for negative results-a vital aspect of the scientific process often ignored by the journals excessive p

49、reoccupation（关注）with new discoveries.Furthermore，preprints significantly increase the number of times papers are read and cited by others.By taking advantage of the webs culture of openness and accessibility,preprints should help to refocus attention where it matters-on the work itself,not where it

50、is published.31.According to Paragraph 1,what is the popular opinion on peer review?A.It limits the number of research works.B.It ensures the quality of scientific papers.C.It removes public doubts about publication.D.It changes the process of scientific publishing.32.The author may agree that scien