2016年考研管理类联考英语二真题.docx

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1、绝密启用前2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士联考2016年管理类专硕联考英语(二)试题及详解考生注意事项1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则2. 选择题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。3. 其他题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。4 .交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。Section Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. C

2、hoose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Happy people work differently. Theyre more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggest that happiness might influence_1_firms work, too.Companies located in

3、places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper._2_, firms in happy places spend more on R&D ( research and development ). Thats because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking _3_ for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if th

4、e _4_ and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would _5_the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities average happiness _6_by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas._7_enough, firms investment and R&D intensity were correlated w

5、ith the happiness of the area in which they were _8_.But is it really happiness thats linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities _9_why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various _10_that might make firms more likely to invest like size

6、, industry, and sales and for indicators that a place was _11_to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally _12_even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, whi

7、ch the authors _13_to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less _14_managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was _15_stronger in places where happiness was spread more _16_.Firms seem to invest more in places where mos

8、t people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality._17_this doesnt prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least _18_at that possibility. Its not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help

9、_19_how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and _20_R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.1. A why B where C how D when 2. A In return B In particular C In contrast D In conclusion 3. A sufficient B fam

10、ous C perfect D necessary 4. A individualism B modernism C optimism D realism 5. A echo B miss C spoil D change 6. A imagined B measured C invented D assumed 7. A Sure B Odd C Unfortunate D Often 8. A advertised B divided C overtaxed D headquartered 9. A explain B overstate C summarize D emphasize10

11、. A stages B factors C levels D methods11. A desirable B sociable C reputable D reliable12. A resumed B held Cemerged D broke13. A attribute B assign C transfer Dcompare14. A serious B civilized C ambitious Dexperienced15. A thus B instead C also D never16. A rapidly B regularly C directly D equally

12、17. A After B Until C While D Since18. A arrives B jumps C hints D strikes19. A shape B rediscover C simplify D share20. A pray for B lean towards C give away D send outSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B,

13、C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Its true that high-school coding classes arent essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellons School

14、 of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that its not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers - but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. Its not as hard for them to transform

15、 their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benef

16、it from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootc

17、amps thats become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but we try to gear lessons toward things theyre interested in, said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your

18、mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably wont drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the Ruby on Rails language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn - how to think

19、logically through a problem and organize the results - apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. T

20、hese kids are going to be surrounded by computers-in their pockets ,in their offices, in their homes -for the rest of their lives, The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want -the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that -the better

21、.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to _A complete future job trainingB remodel the way of thinkingC formulate logical hypothesesD perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high - schoolers , Flatiron has considered their_A experienceB interestC car

22、eer prospectsD academic backgrounds23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will _A help students learn other computer languagesB have to be upgraded when new technologies comeC need improving when students look for jobsD enable students to make big quick money24.According to

23、the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to _A bring forth innovative computer technologiesB stay longer in the information technology industryC become better prepared for the digitalized worldD compete with a future army of programmers25.The word coax(Line4,Para.6) is closest in meaning t

24、o _A persuadeB frightenC misguideD challengeText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens-a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands-once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today,

25、occupying about 16% of the species historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened .The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation , said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were di

26、sappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as endangered, a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats .But Ashe and others argued that the threatened tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontati

27、onal conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action. and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chickens habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency

28、 said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat

29、as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat .The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat , USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 bird

30、s over the next 10 years .And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let states remain in the driver s seat for managing the species, Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetor

31、ic. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, doesnt go far enough. The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same ind

32、ustries that are pushing it to extinction, says biologist Jay Lininger.26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is_.Aits drastically decreased populationBthe underestimate of the grassland acreageCa desperate appeal from some biologistsDthe insistence of private landowners27.

33、The threatened tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_.Awas a give-in to governmental pressureBwould involve fewer agencies in actionCgranted less federal regulatory powerDwent against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be pro

34、secuted if they_.Aagree to pay a sum for compensationBvolunteer to set up an equally big habitatCoffer to support the WAFWA monitoring jobDpromise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is_.Athe federal governmentBthe wildlife agenciesCthe l

35、andownersDthe states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_.Aindustry groupsBthe win-win rhetoricCenvironmental groups Dthe plan under challengeText 3That everyones too busy these days is a clich. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: Theres never any time to read.What makes t

36、he problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques dont seem sufficient. The webs full of articles offering tips on making time to read: Give up TV or Carry a book with you at all times. But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesnt work. Sit down to rea

37、d and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else youre so exhausted that a challenging books the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, is overwhelmingly inclined toward communicationIt is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one i

38、s actually inclined to interruption. Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which cant be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, becoming more efficient is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally,

39、judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and youll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, somet

40、imes, but not the most fulfilling kind. The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt, writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by w

41、ithout being filled, we will have wasted them. No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. Youd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us st

42、ep outside times flow into soul time. You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. Carry a book with you at all times can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface

43、 to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if youre making time to read, but just reading, and making time for everything else.31. The usual time-management techniques dont work because .A what they can offer does not ease the modern mindB what

44、challenging books demand is repetitive readingC what people often forget is carrying a book with themD what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32. The empty bottles metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to .A update their to-do listsB make passing time fulfillingC carry their plans

45、 throughD pursue carefree reading33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps .A encourage the efficiency mind-setB develop online reading habitsC promote ritualistic readingD achieve immersive reading34. Carry a book with you at all times can work if .A reading becomes your primary business of the dayB all the daily business has been promptly dealt withC you are able to drop back to business after readingD