广东省高三英语 第12讲 定语从句复习课件 新人教.ppt

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1、第第1212讲讲 定语从句定语从句2021/8/8 星期日1 观察意义对等的英汉句子，找出句子的对应部分 People,A who take medicine to lose weight,B are most likely to harm their health,C.服用药物减肥的,a 人,b 很可能损害他们的健康,c。1英语和汉语中定语从句有什么区别？英语和汉语中定语从句有什么区别？【答案】【答案】Ab;Ba;Cc。2021/8/8 星期日21 英语中定语从句放修饰词后，作后置定语，以引导词作为标志；汉语中定语从句放修饰词前，以“的”为标志。2021/8/8 星期日3 翻译下列句子，把定

2、语从句的引导词进行分类1.All that glitters isnt gold.2.Vienna is a place where top musicians gather.2定语从句有哪些引导词，引导词分为几类？定语从句有哪些引导词，引导词分为几类？发光的不一定都是金子。引导词that 是关系代词 维也纳是顶尖音乐家的聚集地。引导词that，those是关系代词 2021/8/8 星期日4 3.God helps those who help themselves.4.Gone are the days when teachers were looked down upon.2 自助者天助

3、。引导词where是关系副词。老师受歧视的日子一去不复返了。引导词where，when是关系副词。2021/8/8 星期日52 定语从句的引导词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词有that，which,who，whom，whose，as；常见的关系副词有when,why,where。2021/8/8 星期日6 使用规范的答题步骤，确定各个定语从句的引导词 1.This is the school_ I visited ten years ago.3怎样确定引导词？怎样确定引导词？That/which/省略【解析】先行词为the school，定语从句为I visited ten y

4、ears ago，从句的谓语动词为visited，先行词在从句中作visited的宾语，因先行词为物，故引导词用that，which或省略。2021/8/8 星期日7 2.This is the school_ I worked ten years ago.3Where/in which【解析】先行词为the school，定语从句为I worked ten years ago，从句的谓语动词为worked，先行词在从句中作worked的状语，因先行词为地点，故用where或in which。2021/8/8 星期日8 3.This is the school_ has a good repu

5、tation in and out of China.3which/that【解析】先行词为the school，定语从句为has a good reputation in and out of China，从句的谓语动词为has，先行词在从句中作has的主语，因先行词为物，故用 which/that。2021/8/8 星期日9 4.This is the school_ teaching buildings are of ancient style.3whose【解析】先行词为the school，定语从句为teaching buildings are of ancient style，从句

6、的谓语动词为are，先行词在从句中既不单独作主语，也不作宾语，也不作状语，但与主语teaching buildings有所属关系，故用whose。2021/8/8 星期日10 5.This is the school_ I visited the headmaster ten years ago.3Where/in which【解析】先行词为the school，定语从句为I visited the headmaster ten years ago，从句的谓语动词为visited，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用where或in which。2021/8/8 星期日11 6.This is th

7、e school_ I worked in ten years ago.3【解析】先行词为the school，定语从句为I worked in ten years ago，从句的谓语动词为work in，先行词在从句中作work in 的宾语，因先行词为物，故用that，which或省略。that/which/省略2021/8/8 星期日12 7.This is the school_made a speech at the forum.3who/that【解析】先行词为the school，定语从句为made a speech at the forum，从句的谓语动词为made，先行词在从

8、句中作made的主语，但能够演讲的一定是“人”，故用who/that。2021/8/8 星期日133 定语从句的引导词的确定可以概括为：“三找两定一证”。“三找”：找先行词找定语从句找定语从句的谓语动词；“两定”：判定先行词与从句谓语动词的关系确定关系代词或关系副词(兼顾人/物)。如先行词在从句中作主语，表语，宾语，定语(先行词与谓语动词无直接关系，先行词与其后的名词有所属关2021/8/8 星期日143系)，主补，或宾补，用关系代词；如先行词在从句中作状语，用关系副词；“一证”：把定语从句还原成独立的句子，验证其句子结构的完整性。2021/8/8 星期日15 根据汉语提示完成句子(每空一词)

9、1.我想买套窗户朝南的房子。Id like to buy a flat _ windows face south.Id like to buy a flat _ _ _ windows face south.Id like to buy a flat _ windows_ _face south.4关系代词关系代词whose怎么使用？怎么使用？whose of which the the of which2021/8/8 星期日16 2.单身汉就是未成家的男人。A bachelor is a man _ cap covers his family.A bachelor is a man _ _

10、 _ cap covers his family.A bachelor is a man _ cap _ _ covers his family.4 whose of whom the the whomof2021/8/8 星期日174 先行词后的名词从属于先行词，用关系代词whose。whose n then.ofwhich of which then.，如先行词是人，其中的which改为whom。2021/8/8 星期日185 关系代词中关系代词中that和和which在用法上有什么区别？在用法上有什么区别？填写定语从句的引导词1.Students_ have a wide range o

11、f knowledge have advantages in exams.2.The joint venture _has brought a lot of jobs to the locals plays an important role in the development of the city.that/whothat/which2021/8/8 星期日19 3.Please inform me of anything_ you find unusual.4.All measures _can be taken should be taken to reduce environmen

12、tal pollution.5.The building in front of_ there is a drug store dates back 500 years.6.China,_ covers an area of over 9.6 million square kilometers,is the third largest country in the globe.5that/省略 which whichthat2021/8/8 星期日205 当引导词确定为关系代词时，that和which用法上的区别可以分为三种情况：1用that(四种情况)：先行词为特定词 all,much，an

13、ything，nothing，everything，which，who等不定代词或疑问代词等；先行词前有特定词如形容词最高级，序数词，any，only，few，much,no，some，very等修饰；先行词既有人又有物时；先行词是人；2021/8/8 星期日215 2用which，即在介词关系代词结构中，介词提前时或先行词是物的非限制性定语从句中只用which；3that和which 可以互换，即当先行词是物时，且不是特殊的先行词或先行词前没有特殊的词修饰时。2021/8/8 星期日22 用“介词关系代词”结构翻译下列句子。1.刚才我对他说话的那个人是个销售经理。6“介词关系代词介词关系代词

14、”句式怎么使用？句式怎么使用？The man to whom I spoke just now is a sales manager.The man(who/that/whom/省略)I spoke to just now is a sales manager.2021/8/8 星期日23 2.这就是我经常借书的图书馆。6 This is the library from which I often borrow books.This is the library(which/that/省略)I often borrow books from.2021/8/8 星期日246 在“介词关系代词”

15、句式中，当先行词为人时，此时关系代词只能用whom；当先行词为物时，关系代词只能用which。2021/8/8 星期日25 填写适当的介词和关系代词完成句子1.All the vegetables are said to be from the farm _ my parents worked.2.The student _ I often lent reference books was accepted by a key university.7“介词关系代词介词关系代词”句式中介词怎么确定？句式中介词怎么确定？on which to whom2021/8/8 星期日26 3.80 km/

16、h is the speed limit _ drivers will be fined.4.You should carry your ID card _ youll possibly get into trouble.5.This is the key point_ we should pay more attention.7 beyond which without which to which2021/8/8 星期日277 在关系代词前需要介词的定语从句中，介词的选用遵循“还原搭配”原则，即把定语从句还原成单独的一个句子，然后把先行词放在句末，再考虑在先行词前选用符合句意，搭配正确的介

17、词。上述定语从句还原成单独的句子分别为：1.My parents worked on the farm.2.I often lent reference books to the student.3.Drivers will be fined beyond the speed limit.2021/8/8 星期日287 4.Youll possibly get into trouble without your ID card.5.We should pay more attention to the key point.2021/8/8 星期日29填写适当的介词和关系代词完成句子1.Lets

18、 just discuss such questions_ are about current education system.2.This is so difficult a problem _ none of us here can work out.8限制性定语从句中关系代词限制性定语从句中关系代词as怎么使用？怎么使用？asas2021/8/8 星期日30 3.This is so difficult a problem _none of us here can work it out.4.Id like the same car _ _my colleague has.as句意为“

19、我想要辆与我同事的车相同的车”(如填that，则表示“我想要我同事那辆车”)。8that(that引导的是结果状语从句)2021/8/8 星期日318 as作为关系代词，在限制性定语从句中主要用于固定搭配such/so/the same/asas中。注意：such/sothat中that引导结果状语从句，意为“以致”。the same that表示同一事物，而the sameas表示类似的事物。2021/8/8 星期日32 指出下列句子中有逻辑错误的句子 1.My brother who works on China Daily is in his 30s.2.My brother,who w

20、orks on China Daily,is in his 30s.3.China which is located in East Asia is on the way to greater success.9非限制性定语从句有什么特点？非限制性定语从句有什么特点？2021/8/8 星期日33 【答案】句3，句4有逻辑错误。“中国”是独一无二的国家，无所谓“地处东亚的中国”一说，换言之，不能使用限制性定语从句修饰“中国”，只能使用非限制性定语从句补充，说明“中国”的有关属性。同样，“妈妈”是独一无二的，“体贴入微和好帮助他人的妈妈”让人产生误解。用限制性定语从句修饰独一无二的人或事物会产生歧

21、义。4.My mother who is considerate and helpful wins respect from all.92021/8/8 星期日349 非限制性定语从句有两大特点：形式上有逗号，从句与主句分开；意义上，从句不修饰限定先行词，而是补充说明先行词的属性，通常单独翻译成一个句子。2021/8/8 星期日359 would rather的主要用法如下：1.常见句式为sb.would rather dothan do，意思是“宁愿做什么而不愿做什么”。注意 than后面的内容为否定项；2.句式为sb.would rather dothan do可改写为sb.would d

22、orather than do 3.上述句式中rather than do 可提前至句首：Rather than do，sb.would do2021/8/8 星期日36 10 关关系系代代词词代代替替整整个个句句子子或或句句子子的的一一部部分分内内容容时时，which和和 as在用法上有何区别？在用法上有何区别？选用as 或which填空 1.Mother usually brings fruits to my classroom,_embarrasses me a lot.2.The air show being held in Zhuhai is fantastic,_ can be s

23、een.which as2021/8/8 星期日37 3.Some American troops are being withdrawn from the Middle East,_ we have learnt from the newspaper.4.Some American troops,_ we have learnt from the newspaper,are being withdrawn from the Middle East.5._ we have learnt from the newspaper,some American troops are being with

24、drawn from the Middle East.10as/which as As2021/8/8 星期日38 6.The young lady married an old man with a lot of money，_ is disgraceful.7.The material resists heat，_ shown in the experiment.8.It never rains but pours in this area,_ is often the case.10 which as as2021/8/8 星期日39 关系代词代替整个句子或句子的一部分内容时，which

25、和 as在用法上有很大区别。1从先行词在从句中充当的句子成分角度：在主谓宾(补)结构的定语从句中作主语，只能用which(如例1)；2从定语从句的位置角度：放句首或句中引导从句，只能用as(如例4,5);102021/8/8 星期日40 从句在句末，无其他限制条件时，既可用which，也可用as(如例3)。句型模式为：as；主语 谓语；主语，as，谓语；主语 谓语，as/which 3从固定搭配角度：在引导词be done 结构中省略be时，只能用as(如例7)；102021/8/8 星期日41 常见固定用法as is well known,as is often the case,as of

26、ten happens,as has been said before,as has been pointed out,as can be seen等常用as(如例2,8)。4从定语从句的肯、否定意义角度：从句内容为否定意义时，常用which(如例6)。其他情况可互换(如例3)。102021/8/8 星期日42 11 哪些句式使用关系代词形式却实为关系副词？哪些句式使用关系代词形式却实为关系副词？翻译下列句子，注意使用定语从句的引导词1.是我们共同努力发展经济的时候了。2.这是我第一次看三维电影。Its high time that we should make joint efforts t

27、o develop economy.2021/8/8 星期日43 2.这是我第一次看三维电影。3.科学家发射卫星的方法既简单又复杂。This is the first time that I have seen a 3D film.The way that/in which/省略 scientists send up satellites is both simple and complicated.112021/8/8 星期日44 在Its high time that sb.should do/This is the first/second/time that/The way that

28、句式中，that均充当关系副词。112021/8/8 星期日45 12 关关系系副副词词where前前面面的的先先行行词词是是否否一一定定为为地地点点名名词？词？填写定语从句的引导词1.This is the teacher_ I often ask advice on how to improve my English.2.I have never come across such a situation _ customers have to pay in cash.where where2021/8/8 星期日46 3.0 is the freezing point _ water tu

29、rns into ice.4.A party is an occasion _ participants should dress formally.5.This is a rare case_ lost money can be found again.12where when/where/on which where2021/8/8 星期日47 当先行词表达的意义为处所，程度，状态，情况时，引导词的确定需要采用“还原搭配”原则。上述五个定语从句可还原为：1.I often ask advice on how to improve my English from the teacher.2.

30、Customers have to pay in cash in such a situation.3.Water turns into ice at the freezing point.122021/8/8 星期日48 4.Participants should dress formally on the occasion.5.Lost money can be found again in a rare case.122021/8/8 星期日49 13 改正下列句子中的错误并概括其错误类型改正下列句子中的错误并概括其错误类型 1.A touchmenot is a kind of pla

31、nt that it shrinks when touched.2.This is the gift was given to you by a Smith.去掉it，错误类型为：成分赘余。was前增加that或which，错误类型为：成分残缺2021/8/8 星期日50 3.Math is one of the subjects that takes up much of my spare time.4.My father who visited Bristol has a passion for English culture.takes改为take，错误类型为：相悖(先行词与从句谓语动词

32、单复数不一致)。my father后用非限制性定语从句，即在who和has前加逗号。错误类型为：歧义(独一无二的名词用限制性定语从句修饰会产生歧义)。132021/8/8 星期日51 5.Ill remember those days when we spent together.when改为that/which或去掉when，错误类型为：(引导词)混淆。132021/8/8 星期日52 定语从句使用上的错误类型大致为五类：赘余，残缺，相悖，歧义，混淆。132021/8/8 星期日532021/8/8 星期日549、静夜四无邻，荒居旧业贫。2022/11/262022/11/26Saturda

33、y,November 26,202210、雨中黄叶树，灯下白头人。2022/11/262022/11/262022/11/2611/26/2022 6:48:11 PM11、以我独沈久，愧君相见频。2022/11/262022/11/262022/11/26Nov-2226-Nov-2212、故人江海别，几度隔山川。2022/11/262022/11/262022/11/26Saturday,November 26,202213、乍见翻疑梦，相悲各问年。2022/11/262022/11/262022/11/262022/11/2611/26/202214、他乡生白发，旧国见青山。26 十一月

34、 20222022/11/262022/11/262022/11/2615、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。十一月 222022/11/262022/11/262022/11/2611/26/202216、行动出成果，工作出财富。2022/11/262022/11/2626 November 202217、做前，能够环视四周；做时，你只能或者最好沿着以脚为起点的射线向前。2022/11/262022/11/262022/11/262022/11/269、没有失败，只有暂时停止成功！。2022/11/262022/11/26Saturday,November 26,202210、很多事情努力了未

35、必有结果，但是不努力却什么改变也没有。2022/11/262022/11/262022/11/2611/26/2022 6:48:11 PM11、成功就是日复一日那一点点小小努力的积累。2022/11/262022/11/262022/11/26Nov-2226-Nov-2212、世间成事，不求其绝对圆满，留一份不足，可得无限完美。2022/11/262022/11/262022/11/26Saturday,November 26,202213、不知香积寺，数里入云峰。2022/11/262022/11/262022/11/262022/11/2611/26/202214、意志坚强的人能把世界

36、放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。26 十一月 20222022/11/262022/11/262022/11/2615、楚塞三湘接，荆门九派通。十一月 222022/11/262022/11/262022/11/2611/26/202216、少年十五二十时，步行夺得胡马骑。2022/11/262022/11/2626 November 202217、空山新雨后，天气晚来秋。2022/11/262022/11/262022/11/262022/11/269、杨柳散和风，青山澹吾虑。2022/11/262022/11/26Saturday,November 26,202210、阅读一切好书如同和过去最

37、杰出的人谈话。2022/11/262022/11/262022/11/2611/26/2022 6:48:12 PM11、越是没有本领的就越加自命不凡。2022/11/262022/11/262022/11/26Nov-2226-Nov-2212、越是无能的人，越喜欢挑剔别人的错儿。2022/11/262022/11/262022/11/26Saturday,November 26,202213、知人者智，自知者明。胜人者有力，自胜者强。2022/11/262022/11/262022/11/262022/11/2611/26/202214、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。26

38、 十一月 20222022/11/262022/11/262022/11/2615、最具挑战性的挑战莫过于提升自我。十一月 222022/11/262022/11/262022/11/2611/26/202216、业余生活要有意义，不要越轨。2022/11/262022/11/2626 November 202217、一个人即使已登上顶峰，也仍要自强不息。2022/11/262022/11/262022/11/262022/11/26MOMODA POWERPOINTLorem ipsum dolor sit amet,consectetur adipiscing elit.Fusce id urna blandit,eleifend nulla ac,fringilla purus.Nulla iaculis tempor felis ut cursus.感感 谢谢 您您 的的 下下 载载 观观 看看专家告诉2021/8/8 星期日55