（全国卷）高考英语二轮复习 第三部分 阅读理解 专题三 主旨大意类课件.ppt

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1、主题型主旨归纳题主题型主旨归纳题The main idea(central idea)of the passage is.The main idea(central idea)of the passage is.The passage is mainly about.The passage is mainly about.The passage mainly discusses.The passage mainly discusses.The passage is concerned primarily about.The passage is concerned primarily abou

2、t.What is the discussion mainly about?What is the discussion mainly about?Which of the following statements can best summarize/sum up Which of the following statements can best summarize/sum up the main idea of the passage?the main idea of the passage?Which of the following statements best expresses

3、 the main idea Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?of the passage?What is the passage/text mainly about?What is the passage/text mainly about?专题三主旨大意类专题三主旨大意类设问方式设问方式1.1.2021/8/11 星期三1标题型主旨归纳题标题型主旨归纳题The best title for the passage might be.The best title for

4、 the passage might be.Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?of the passage?What can be a suitable title for the text?What can be a suitable title for the text?What can/might be the best title for the tex

5、t/the passage?What can/might be the best title for the text/the passage?目的型主旨归纳题目的型主旨归纳题The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to.The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to.The passage is meant to.The passage is meant to.The authors purpose is to show.The authors purpose is to

6、 show.The purpose of the article is to.The purpose of the article is to.What does the author want to tell us?What does the author want to tell us?What is the main purpose of the passage?What is the main purpose of the passage?2.2.3.3.2021/8/11 星期三2考点一考点一主旨大意题主旨大意题【典例典例】(2015(2015重庆重庆,C,C片段片段)Join th

7、e discussion.Join the discussion.LakelanderLakelander 2 hours ago2 hours ago Today,a man talked very loud on his phone on a train Today,a man talked very loud on his phone on a train between Malvern and Reading,making many passengers upset.I between Malvern and Reading,making many passengers upset.I

8、 wonder how he would react if I were to read my newspaper out wonder how he would react if I were to read my newspaper out loud on the train.I have never had the courage to do loud on the train.I have never had the courage to do it,though.it,though.2021/8/11 星期三3Pak50Pak50 57 minutes ago57 minutes a

9、go Why not give it a try?Perhaps you should take lessons on a Why not give it a try?Perhaps you should take lessons on a musical instrument.The late musician Dennis Brain is said to musical instrument.The late musician Dennis Brain is said to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio

10、.When have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio.When his request was refused,he took out his French horn(his request was refused,he took out his French horn(号号)and)and started to practise.started to practise.2021/8/11 星期三4Angie OEdemaAngie OEdema 42 minutes ago42 minutes ago I dont s

11、ee how musical instruments can help improve I dont see how musical instruments can help improve manners in public.Dont do to others what you wouldnt like manners in public.Dont do to others what you wouldnt like to be done to yourself.Once,a passenger next to me talked out to be done to yourself.Onc

12、e,a passenger next to me talked out loud on his mobile phone.I left my seat quietly,giving him loud on his mobile phone.I left my seat quietly,giving him some privacy to finish his conversation.He realised this and some privacy to finish his conversation.He realised this and apologised to me.When hi

13、s phone rang again later,he left his apologised to me.When his phone rang again later,he left his seat to answer it.You see,a bit of respect and cooperation can seat to answer it.You see,a bit of respect and cooperation can do the job better.do the job better.2021/8/11 星期三5TaodasTaodas 29 minutes ag

14、o29 minutes ago I did read my newspaper out loud on a train,and it turned I did read my newspaper out loud on a train,and it turned out well.The guy took it in good part,and we chatted happily out well.The guy took it in good part,and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh.all the way to Edinbu

15、rgh.2021/8/11 星期三6Sophie76Sophie76 13 minutes ago13 minutes ago I have not tried reading my newspaper out loud on a I have not tried reading my newspaper out loud on a train,but,several years ago,I read some chapters from Harry train,but,several years ago,I read some chapters from Harry Potter to my

16、 bored and noisy children.Several passengers Potter to my bored and noisy children.Several passengers seemed to appreciate what I did.seemed to appreciate what I did.2021/8/11 星期三746.What is the discussion mainly about?46.What is the discussion mainly about?A.How to react to bad behavior.A.How to re

17、act to bad behavior.B.How to kill time on a train.B.How to kill time on a train.C.How to chat with strangers.C.How to chat with strangers.D.How to make a phone call.D.How to make a phone call.剖析剖析:A:A主旨大意题。本文针对一个人在火车上用手机通话时声音太大的主旨大意题。本文针对一个人在火车上用手机通话时声音太大的行为展开讨论行为展开讨论,主要讨论面对不良行为人们应该做出什么反应。主要讨论面对不良行为

18、人们应该做出什么反应。bad bad behaviorbehavior与与talked very loudtalked very loud对应对应,Lakelander,Lakelander发帖中的发帖中的reactreact在在A A项中再项中再次出现。次出现。2021/8/11 星期三8名师在线名师在线 主题句是文章的核心主题句是文章的核心,它往往是一个有很强概括性和代表它往往是一个有很强概括性和代表性的句子。找到了文章的主题句性的句子。找到了文章的主题句,文章的中心思想也就显而易见了。文章的中心思想也就显而易见了。1.1.主题句位于首段主题句位于首段:其特点是开门见山地提出论点其特点是开

19、门见山地提出论点,再分别说明。再分别说明。2.2.主题句位于尾段主题句位于尾段:其特点是归纳式其特点是归纳式,即细节在前即细节在前,概括在后。概括在后。3.3.主题句主题句,位于中间段落位于中间段落:其特点是引出话题其特点是引出话题论述主题论述主题解释。了解这解释。了解这 一特点有利于考生根据文章开头和结尾的内容进行综合推理。一特点有利于考生根据文章开头和结尾的内容进行综合推理。若文章无主题句若文章无主题句,考生可以依据文中的事实、细节、观点考生可以依据文中的事实、细节、观点,归纳出文章归纳出文章 的主题。的主题。4.4.主题句通常具有下面一些特征主题句通常具有下面一些特征:(1)(1)举例子

20、的句子不是主题句举例子的句子不是主题句,前后句可能是主题句。前后句可能是主题句。(2)(2)问句不是主题句问句不是主题句,回答句可能是主题句。回答句可能是主题句。(3)(3)首段转折处常为文章的主题句。首段转折处常为文章的主题句。(4)(4)主题句常包含文章的主题词。主题句常包含文章的主题词。2021/8/11 星期三9(5)(5)主题句常包含主次之分的表达主题句常包含主次之分的表达(A rather than B(A rather than B等等)。(6)(6)主题句常包含时间提示词主题句常包含时间提示词(recently,today(recently,today等等)。(7)(7)定义型

21、的句子定义型的句子(be called as,be known as,is,are(be called as,be known as,is,are等等)。(8)(8)强调型的句子强调型的句子(stress,focus(stress,focus等等)。(9)(9)总结型的句子总结型的句子(research indicates,study suggests(research indicates,study suggests等等)。2021/8/11 星期三10考点二考点二文章标题题文章标题题【典例典例】(2015 (2015新课标全国新课标全国,B,B片段片段)Your house may hav

22、e an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your envi

23、ronment work for you instead of keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark

24、environments are more Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating,for people are often less self-consciouslikely to encourage overeating,for people are often less self-conscious(难为情难为情)when theyre in poorly lit places-and so more likely to eat)w

25、hen theyre in poorly lit places-and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesnt have enough window light,get more lots of food.If your home doesnt have enough window light,get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors.Research

26、 suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study,people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than study,people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm c

27、olors like yellow make food appear those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing,while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when its more appetizing,while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when its time to repaint,go blue.time to repaint,go blue.2021

28、/8/11 星期三11 Dont forget the clock-or the radio.People who eat slowly Dont forget the clock-or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里卡路里)per meal than)per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of t

29、he those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time,and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while time,and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while youre at it,actually sit down to eat.If you need some help youre at it,actually sit down to eat.If you need s

30、ome help slowing down,turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to slowing down,turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily mak

31、e us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate.When we choose a large spoon plate instead of a 10-inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one,total intake(over a smaller one,tota

32、l intake(摄入摄入)jumps by 14 percent.And)jumps by 14 percent.And well pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short,wide glass well pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short,wide glass than a tall,skinny glass.than a tall,skinny glass.2021/8/11 星期三128.What can be a suitable title for the text?8.W

33、hat can be a suitable title for the text?A.Is Your House Making You Fat?A.Is Your House Making You Fat?B.Ways of Serving Dinner B.Ways of Serving Dinner C.Effects of Self-Consciousness C.Effects of Self-Consciousness D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?剖析剖析:A:A标题归

34、纳题。本文主要介绍了墙壁的颜色、房间的亮度、吃饭的速标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了墙壁的颜色、房间的亮度、吃饭的速度以及吃饭时使用的器皿大小等都与一个人的身材有关。因此度以及吃饭时使用的器皿大小等都与一个人的身材有关。因此A A项项“你的房你的房子正让你发胖吗子正让你发胖吗?”?”最适合做文章标题。最适合做文章标题。B B项项“提供正餐的方式提供正餐的方式”,C,C项项“自自我意识的作用我意识的作用”,D,D项项“你家的环境令人放松吗你家的环境令人放松吗?”,?”,均与本文的主题不符。均与本文的主题不符。2021/8/11 星期三13名师在线名师在线1.1.标题特征标题特征 (1)(1)概括性。概

35、括性。文章的标题能最大程度地概括全文文章的标题能最大程度地概括全文,直接指向文章的主直接指向文章的主 要内容要内容,体现文章主旨。体现文章主旨。(2)(2)醒目性。醒目性。标题要能吸引读者的注意力标题要能吸引读者的注意力,唤起读者对文章的阅读兴唤起读者对文章的阅读兴 趣。标题是文章的点睛之笔趣。标题是文章的点睛之笔,是文章的灵魂是文章的灵魂,要简洁、突出、新要简洁、突出、新 颖。标题的好坏往往影响读者阅读的兴趣。读者一般会通过阅读颖。标题的好坏往往影响读者阅读的兴趣。读者一般会通过阅读 标题来取舍文章标题来取舍文章,故标题要醒目故标题要醒目,以吸引读者的注意力。以吸引读者的注意力。2.2.标题

36、的归纳方式标题的归纳方式 要做好标题归纳题要做好标题归纳题,还需要了解标题的归纳方式。一般来说还需要了解标题的归纳方式。一般来说,标题的标题的 归纳方式是归纳方式是:以话题为核心以话题为核心,将控制性概念的词按一定的语法原则浓将控制性概念的词按一定的语法原则浓 缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。比如某文章的中心句子为比如某文章的中心句子为:Coffee is a universal beverage that :Coffee is a universal beverage that is served in different ways around th

37、e world.is served in different ways around the world.2021/8/11 星期三14话题话题:Coffee:Coffee控制性概念控制性概念:is a universal beverage that is served in different:is a universal beverage that is served in different ways around the worldways around the world标题标题:Coffee Around the World:Coffee Around the World注意注意,

38、做此类题时做此类题时,要避免下列三种错误要避免下列三种错误:(1)(1)概括不够概括不够(多表现为部分替代整体多表现为部分替代整体,从而导致范围太小从而导致范围太小););(2)(2)过度概括过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围多表现为人为扩大范围););(3)(3)以事实、细节替代文章大意。以事实、细节替代文章大意。2021/8/11 星期三15考点三考点三写作目的题写作目的题【典例典例】(2015 (2015重庆重庆,B,B片段片段)In ancient Egypt,a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract In ancient Egypt,a

39、shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment.Modern customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment.Modern businesses have been following his lead,with more tactics(businesses have been following his lead,with more ta

40、ctics(策略策略).).One tactic involves where to display the goods.For example,stores One tactic involves where to display the goods.For example,stores place fruits and vegetables in the first section.They know that place fruits and vegetables in the first section.They know that customers who buy the heal

41、thy food first will feel happy so that they customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they will buy more junk food(will buy more junk food(垃圾食品垃圾食品)later in their trip.In department)later in their trip.In department stores,the womens shoe section is generally next to the women

42、s stores,the womens shoe section is generally next to the womens cosmetics(cosmetics(化妆品化妆品)section:while the shop assistant is going back to)section:while the shop assistant is going back to find the right size shoe,bored customers are likely to wander over and find the right size shoe,bored custom

43、ers are likely to wander over and find some cosmetics they might want to try later.find some cosmetics they might want to try later.Besides,businesses seek to appeal to customers senses.Stores Besides,businesses seek to appeal to customers senses.Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourage

44、s shopping,so they make notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping,so they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day.Music sells goods,too.Researchers in Brit

45、ain found throughout the day.Music sells goods,too.Researchers in Britain found that when French music was played,sales of French wines went up.that when French music was played,sales of French wines went up.2021/8/11 星期三16 When it comes to the selling of houses,businesses also use When it comes to

46、the selling of houses,businesses also use highly rewarding tactics.They find that customers make decisions highly rewarding tactics.They find that customers make decisions in the first few seconds upon walking in the door,and turn it in the first few seconds upon walking in the door,and turn it into

47、 a business opportunity.A California builder designed the into a business opportunity.A California builder designed the structure of its houses smartly.When entering the house,the structure of its houses smartly.When entering the house,the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows,and

48、 then customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows,and then the pool through an open stairway leading to the lower level.The the pool through an open stairway leading to the lower level.The instant view of water on both levels helped sell these$10 instant view of water on both levels hel

49、ped sell these$10 million houses.million houses.2021/8/11 星期三1743.What is the main purpose of the passage?43.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To explain how businesses turn people into their customers.A.To explain how businesses turn people into their customers.B.To introduce how businesses

50、 have grown from the past.B.To introduce how businesses have grown from the past.C.To report researches on customer behavior.C.To report researches on customer behavior.D.To show dishonest business practices.D.To show dishonest business practices.剖析剖析:A:A目的意图题。文章的第一段就点明了主题。本文主要介绍的是商目的意图题。文章的第一段就点明了主