人教版高三英语定语从句专项复习.ppt
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1、定语从句专项复习定语从句专项复习一关系代词的用法比较一关系代词的用法比较二定语从句四种典型错误二定语从句四种典型错误三、三、“介词关系代词介词关系代词”五五注意注意四、限制性定语从句与非限四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句五不同制性定语从句五不同五、五、As/which引导非限制性引导非限制性定语从句的区别定语从句的区别六、关系副词用法六、关系副词用法2021/8/9 星期一1用用that,which,who,whom填空填空 1.This is the room in _ we lived last year.2.The book,_ is about the environment pr
2、otection,is worth reading.3.He was proud,_ I dislike very much.4.Mary has made rapid progress in her studies,_ is known to us all.2021/8/9 星期一25.Is there anything _ I can do for you?6.Thats all _ I know.7.You can take any seat _ is free.8.There is little time _ we can spare.9.This is the first compo
3、sition _ I have written in English.10.This is the best film _ has been shown this year.11.Its a book _ will help you a lot.12.There is a seat in the corner _ is still free.13.Yesterday I caught two fish,now you can see the two _ are still alive in a basin of water.14.They talked about things and per
4、sons(_)they remembered in the school.15.This is no longer the dirty place(_)it used to be.2021/8/9 星期一316.A friend _ helps you in time of need is a real friend.17.Those _ were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.18.People _ can see sometimes act just as foolishly.19.All _
5、 heard the news were amazed.20.One _ doesnt work hard will never be happy.21.There is a stranger _ wants to see you.22.My sister,_ is a teacher,can speak German well.23.A new teacher will come tomorrow _ will teach you German.24.The student _ was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very mo
6、dest and studies very hard.25.There is a teacher _ presents the material in the most interesting way and who enjoys what he teaches.2021/8/9 星期一4 26.Who _ has common sense will do such a thing?27.Which of us _ knows something about physics does not know this?总结:总结:A用用 which而不用而不用 that情况情况(1-4):1、当关系
7、代词前有介词时;、当关系代词前有介词时;2、引导非限制性定语从句时;、引导非限制性定语从句时;3、在表示继续关系的非限制性定语从句中、在表示继续关系的非限制性定语从句中(这种定语从句的先行词不是一个词,通常是(这种定语从句的先行词不是一个词,通常是整个主句,定语从句与所修饰的整个句子用逗整个主句,定语从句与所修饰的整个句子用逗号分开。)号分开。)2021/8/9 星期一5 B用用 that而不用而不用 which情况情况(5-15):1、先行词为、先行词为 all,much,little,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one 等代词时;等代词时;2、
8、先行词前有、先行词前有 only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,same 等修饰时;等修饰时;3、先行词是序数词或者先行词受序数词修饰时;、先行词是序数词或者先行词受序数词修饰时;4、先行词受最高级形容词修饰时;、先行词受最高级形容词修饰时;5、先行词为系动词、先行词为系动词 be后面的表语时;后面的表语时;6、主句以、主句以 There be开头时;开头时;7、先行词为数词时;、先行词为数词时;8、先行词同时包含人和物时;、先行词同时包含人和物时;9、关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。、关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。2021/8/9 星期一6C用用 who而不用而不用
9、 that情况情况(16-25):1、关系代词在定语从句中作主语时;、关系代词在定语从句中作主语时;2、先行词为、先行词为 those为为 people时;时;3、先行词为、先行词为all,anyone,one,ones指人时;指人时;4、在以、在以 there be开头的句子中;开头的句子中;5、在非限制性定语从句中先行词为指人时;、在非限制性定语从句中先行词为指人时;6、在被分隔的定语从句中;、在被分隔的定语从句中;7、一个句子有两个定语从句,其中的一个、一个句子有两个定语从句,其中的一个从句的关系代词是从句的关系代词是 who,另一个是时,另一个是时 that;但若先行词后接两个以上的并
10、列的定语从句,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列的定语从句,后一个定语从句须重复前一个关系代词,以免产生后一个定语从句须重复前一个关系代词,以免产生误解。误解。D先行词指人多用 that情况:当主句是以 who或 which开头的特殊疑问句时(26/27)。2021/8/9 星期一7二定语从句四种典型错误二定语从句四种典型错误改错:改错:1)The building,which roof we can see from here,is a hotel.2)He was born in the village where you visited.3)Ill remember the days when
11、 we spent together.4)She did all what she could to help the child.5)This is just the same bike that I lost yesterday.So I cant take it away.6)They talked in such a way that close friends do.7)The man who named Wang Hui helped me.8)In Barcelona the Chinese team got 16 gold medals,12 of them were won
12、by women.(whose)(which/that/省略省略)(which/that/省略省略)(that/省略省略)(as)(as)(who was named/named)(12 of which/and 12 of them)2021/8/9 星期一89)It is known to us all,the earth goes around the sun.10)He is one of the students who works hard.11)He is the only one of the students who work hard.12)He was born in t
13、he hospital where I once worked there.13)Is this bridge the one we crossed it just now?错误类型:A误用引导词1.that误为 which(如上例 5-15)2.that误为 who(如上例26/27)3.误用that(如上例 1-4.16-25)4.whose误为 which 如1)(As)(work)(works)(it 去掉)(there去掉)2021/8/9 星期一9析:析:whose表示所属关系,先行词既可以是人,也可以表示所属关系,先行词既可以是人,也可以是物,并能由是物,并能由 of which
14、(指物)或(指物)或 of whom(指人)(指人)代替,被修饰词也要加限定词,此处代替,被修饰词也要加限定词,此处 既可用既可用 the roof of which又可用又可用of which the roof。注意:当指物时,不表示所属关系,而是同位关系时,则注意:当指物时,不表示所属关系,而是同位关系时,则要用要用 which.E.g:The war lasted four years,during which time both black and white suffered a lot.5.误用误用 where或或 when 如如2)3)析:先行词虽是表示时间、地点的名词,但引导词
15、在从句析:先行词虽是表示时间、地点的名词,但引导词在从句中不作状语,仍不能用中不作状语,仍不能用 when或或 where.总结:定语从句关系词的选择有两看:一看先行词;二看总结:定语从句关系词的选择有两看:一看先行词;二看其在定语从句中所充当的句子成分:及物动词后作宾语其在定语从句中所充当的句子成分:及物动词后作宾语用关系代词(此处用关系代词(此处visit;spend均为及物动词);不及均为及物动词);不及物动词后作状语,要用关系副词。物动词后作状语,要用关系副词。2021/8/9 星期一106.误用误用what 如如4)析:析:what引导名词性从句,不能引导定语从句。引导名词性从句,不
16、能引导定语从句。7.误用误用as或该用或该用 as而未用如而未用如5)6)析:析:the same that接定语从句表示同一物,接定语从句表示同一物,the same as接定语从句表示相似物。接定语从句表示相似物。析:析:such that引导结果状语从句;引导结果状语从句;such as 引导引导定定 语从句。语从句。6)他们以密友方式进行交谈。他们以密友方式进行交谈。B与其他结构混淆与其他结构混淆1.与非谓语动词混淆与非谓语动词混淆 如如7)析:要用定语从句就必须主谓齐全,作主语的关系析:要用定语从句就必须主谓齐全,作主语的关系代词也不能省略;要用非谓语动词,就不能有引导词。代词也不能
17、省略;要用非谓语动词,就不能有引导词。注意注意1:whoever,whatever等词可以跟双谓语,其中等词可以跟双谓语,其中前一个相当于定语从句的谓语。如:前一个相当于定语从句的谓语。如:Whoever(=Anyone who)wants to go there can get a ticket.2021/8/9 星期一11注意注意2:在:在 such as或或 the same as结构引起的定语从句,结构引起的定语从句,as还可还可以用作主语。如:以用作主语。如:Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.注意注意3:有时一个先行词可
18、以被两个以上的定语从句同时修饰或限:有时一个先行词可以被两个以上的定语从句同时修饰或限定。如:定。如:He is the best man I can find who can mend it within two hours.2.非限制性定语从句与并列句混淆如非限制性定语从句与并列句混淆如8)析:并列句常用析:并列句常用 and,or,but等连接,后一个分句用代词,而不用等连接,后一个分句用代词,而不用引导词;非限制性定语从句无并列连词,从句必须用引导词,表示引导词;非限制性定语从句无并列连词,从句必须用引导词,表示对主句的附加说明。对主句的附加说明。3.as 引导的定语从句与形式主语结构
19、混淆引导的定语从句与形式主语结构混淆 如如9)析:析:As从句修饰主句时,为非限制性定语从句,要用逗号与主句隔从句修饰主句时,为非限制性定语从句,要用逗号与主句隔开;开;it作形式主语,代替后面由作形式主语,代替后面由 that引导的主语从句,不能有逗号。引导的主语从句,不能有逗号。此句还可改为:此句还可改为:Its known to us that the earth goes around the sun.C从句谓语动词单复数错误如从句谓语动词单复数错误如10)11)析:定语从句谓语动词单复数形式取决于其先行词;第一句中的析:定语从句谓语动词单复数形式取决于其先行词;第一句中的The st
20、udents是先行词;第二句中的是先行词;第二句中的the only one是先行词。要根是先行词。要根据句义来确定分隔式定语从句的先行词。据句义来确定分隔式定语从句的先行词。2021/8/9 星期一12D被替代部分重复出现如被替代部分重复出现如12)13)析:从句的引导词具有替代作用,即使作从句里的宾语而析:从句的引导词具有替代作用,即使作从句里的宾语而省略时,也不等于没有。再用就重复或多余了。省略时,也不等于没有。再用就重复或多余了。三、三、“介词关系代词介词关系代词”五注意五注意改错:改错:1.The person to who you should write is Mr Hall.2
21、.I lost the book in that there are five color pictures.3.The day on when we can send men into space has at last come.4.He went back to the house in where he was born yesterday.(whom)(which)(which/on)(which/in)2021/8/9 星期一135.He was the boy after whom the woman had looked for many years.6.The farm in
22、 which we worked ten years ago isnt what it used to be.7.She wanted to find the way with which she could make everyone live more happily.8.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person from whom she could turn for help.9.This is the tree in which the boat was tied.10.Can you find an object with whi
23、ch your toy is similar?11.I cant remember the age in which I won that prize.12.That is the age at which people live in peace and happily.(whom the woman had looked after for many years)(on)(in)(to)(to)(to)(at)(in)2021/8/9 星期一14A、关系代词的选用、关系代词的选用析:如析:如1)4)当介词位于从句的句首时,介词后一般用关系代词)当介词位于从句的句首时,介词后一般用关系代词
24、whom(指人,如(指人,如1)不可为)不可为 who所代替)或所代替)或 which(指物,如(指物,如2)。)。先行词即使为表示时间、地点的名词,介词后也不能用先行词即使为表示时间、地点的名词,介词后也不能用 when或或 where,如,如3)4)。不过,注意介词)。不过,注意介词 from有时根据句意的需要,也可以接有时根据句意的需要,也可以接 where。如:。如:He hid himself behind the door,from where he saw the man take a photo of something on the desk.提醒提醒1:当介词提前时,关系代
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