英语必修一Unit4单词讲解.ppt

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1、Unit4 Earthquakesearthquake n.地震Eg:It is reported that an earthquake broke out last night in Southeast Asia.right away 立刻；马上同义词：right now=straight away=at once=in no time=immediately注意：right now除表示“立刻，马上”之外，还表示“现在，此刻”，比now的语气强，相当于at this moment,at present，用于进行时。well n.井Eg:A book is a well of knowled

2、ge.adj.健康的Eg:I hope you will get well soon.adv.熟练地，有效地Eg:He plays the piano very well for his age.smelly adj.有臭味的，发臭的Eg:His socks are smelly.拓展：blood bloody cloud cloudyrain rainy greed greedy词根：smell 可用作系动词或实义动词，用作系动词时，意为“闻起来”；用作实义动词时意为“闻”Eg:You may smell the mixture and it smells terrible.blood+-y

3、=bloody rain+-y=rainy cloud+-y=cloudy wind+-y=windy snow+-y=snowy greed+-y=greedy dream+-y=dreamy taste+-y=tasty ice+-y=icy fat+-y=fatty mud+-y=muddy fog+-y=foggy sun+-y=sunny流血的流血的多云的多云的下雪的下雪的幻想的幻想的冷漠的，冰的冷漠的，冰的泥泞的泥泞的肥胖的肥胖的下雨的下雨的多风的多风的贪婪的贪婪的美味的美味的阳光灿烂的阳光灿烂的有雾的有雾的burstv.（使）爆裂；（使）破裂；（使）爆炸Eg:You are go

4、ing to burst the balloon if you are not careful.The balloon suddenly burst.v.猛冲；突然出现Eg:He burst into the room without knocking.burst into+n.=burst out doing sth.突然起来 eg:burst into laughter=burst out laughingeg:她突然笑起来。她突然笑起来。She burst out laughing.She burst into .他突然大哭起来。他突然大哭起来。He burst out crying.H

5、e burst into .n.突然爆裂，爆发突然爆裂，爆发短语：短语：a burst of 一阵一阵eg:一阵笑声一阵笑声laughtertearsa burst of laughter勃然大怒勃然大怒a burst of angerburst intoburst with闯入闯入充满充满event n.（1）C（尤指涉及几个人的）事件，大事Eg:That was an important historical event.（2）C（体育比赛等的）项目，赛事Eg:The Olympic Games are important events in the sports world.4.at a

6、n end 结束，终结结束，终结eg:炎热的天气终于结束了。炎热的天气终于结束了。The hot days are at last at an end.The hot days come to an end at last.be at an end=come to an end 结束结束短语：短语：put an end to=bringto an end 使使结束结束eg:他们应该结束战争。他们应该结束战争。They should put an end to the war.They should bring the war to an end.辨析：辨析：at an end,in the e

7、nd,at the end of,by the end of1).at an end:表示表示“终结，结束终结，结束”，与，与be动词连用。动词连用。eg:战争结束了。战争结束了。The war was at an end.=The war came to an end.2).in the end:表示表示“最终，终于最终，终于”，单独使用作单独使用作状语状语。eg:最终他们放弃了那项计划。最终他们放弃了那项计划。They gave up the plan in the end.(at last)3).at the end of:表示表示“在在的尽头的尽头/末尾末尾”eg:今年年底，我父亲要回

8、家。今年年底，我父亲要回家。My father will come home at the end of this year.He is at the end of his patience.他已经忍耐到极限了。他已经忍耐到极限了。4).by the end of:到到末为止，常与末为止，常与完成时态完成时态连用。连用。by the end of last用于用于过去过去完成时完成时 by the end of next用于用于将来将来完成时完成时eg:到上个月末为止，他在那条船上已经待了两年。到上个月末为止，他在那条船上已经待了两年。By the end of last month,he h

9、ad been on that ship for two years.到下学期末为止，我将学会到下学期末为止，我将学会3000多个英语单词。多个英语单词。I will have learned more than 3000 English words by the end of next term.5.nation n.民族，国家，国民民族，国家，国民单词积累：单词积累：national adj.国家的，民族的，国营的国家的，民族的，国营的 nationality n.国籍国籍辨析：辨析：nation,country,state易混词 辨析 例句nationcountry state侧重指侧重

10、指“人民人民”，即，即“国民国民”The whole nation was in deep sorrow.举国悲痛。举国悲痛。侧重指侧重指“疆土疆土”，即，即“国土国土”。He has been to many African countries.他去过许多非洲国家。他去过许多非洲国家。侧重指侧重指“政权政权”“政体政体”，即，即“国权国权”Hes a head of state.他是一位国家元首。他是一位国家元首。ruin （1）n.U 毁坏；毁灭；灭亡Eg:The war brought ruin to the country.（2）n.倒塌的建筑物，废墟Eg:The castle now

11、 lies in ruins.注意：ruin表示“废墟，遗迹”，常用复数，常构成in ruins，意为“严重受损，破败不堪”，强调状态，常用作表语或状语。（3）v.（完全地）毁坏，毁掉；使破产Eg:I was ruined by that law case.拓展：be in ruins 呈一片废墟 bring sth to ruin 使某物毁灭 bring sb to ruin 使某人破产 suffering n.U 疼痛，痛苦，折磨，苦难 eg:Death finally brought an end to her suffering.注意：sufferings 表示“痛苦，苦恼”eg:Th

12、e hospital aims to ease the sufferings of the dying.extreme （1）adj.极度（大）的；严重的；极端的；过分的Eg：extreme weather conditions 极端恶劣的天气情况 extreme sports 极限运动（2）n.C 完全相反的事物；极端，极度，极限Eg:extremes of cold,wind or rain 严寒，狂风，骤雨拓展：go to extremes 走极端injurehurtwoundharm指损害健康，成就，容指损害健康，成就，容貌等，强调功能的丧失，貌等，强调功能的丧失，常指常指事故中事故中

13、的伤害的伤害普通用语，既可指普通用语，既可指肉体肉体上的伤害，也可指上的伤害，也可指精神精神上，上，感情感情上的伤害上的伤害指枪伤，刀伤，刺伤等指枪伤，刀伤，刺伤等皮肉之伤，尤指皮肉之伤，尤指战场战场上上所受的伤所受的伤一般指伤害有生命的东一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤西，常指伤及人的健康，及人的健康，权利，事业权利，事业等等A bullet injured his left eye.一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。I dont want to hurt you.我不想伤害你。我不想伤害你。The soldier was wounded badly.这位士兵严重受伤。这位士兵严重受

14、伤。Smoking seriously harmed his health.吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。track（1）n.C 足迹，踪迹；轨道，跑道Eg:We followed the bears tracks in the snow.（2）vt.跟踪，追踪Eg:We continued tracking the plane on our radar.拓展：keep track of 记录；掌握的线索useless adj.无用的，无效的，无价值的Eg:He knew it was useless to protest.固定句式：It is useless(no us

15、e)doing sth 做某事是无用的shock （1）v.使震惊；使惊愕；使使震惊；使惊愕；使难难以置信以置信搭配：搭配：be shocked at 对对感到震惊感到震惊 be shocked to do sth 惧怕做某事惧怕做某事 eg:The murder of such a young child deeply shocked the whole community.（2）v.（使）（使）愤愤慨，（使）生气慨，（使）生气 eg:Just ignore all their bad language they only do it to shock.（3）n.令人震惊的（情况，消息）令人

16、震惊的（情况，消息）搭配：搭配：be a shock to sb 对对某人来某人来说说是一个打是一个打击击 eg:It was a real shock to hear that the factory would have to close.shocked adj.惊愕的，感到震惊的 shocking adj.令人震惊的 rescue （1）n.C,U 救援，营救；救援行动 eg:The rescue team made ten rescues in a week.（2）vt.救援，拯救，解救 搭配：rescue sb/sth from 把从（地方）解救出来 eg:They rescued

17、the boy from the burning house.a rescue team 救援队 rescue worker 救援人员 trap （1）vt.（trapped）困住，关住，使陷入危险中 搭配：be trapped in 困在中 eg:The car was trapped in the deep snow.（2）n.C陷阱；困境；圈套，诡计 eg:She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.electricity n.U 电，电力Eg:This machine is run/driven by el

18、ectricity.拓展：turn on/off electricity 接通/切断电源 electric adj.用电的，电动的 electrical adj.电的，与电有关的 electronic adj.电子的disaster n.灾难，灾祸Eg:The fire was a great disaster.拓展：a traffic disaster 一起交通事故 natural disaster 自然灾害 a disaster area 灾区dig out (dug)挖出，翻找出Eg:Why did you dig out those old magazines?9.bury vt.埋葬

19、，掩埋，隐藏埋葬，掩埋，隐藏eg:她被安葬在她丈夫的坟边。她被安葬在她丈夫的坟边。She was buried beside her husbands grave.她双手捂着脸哭了起来。她双手捂着脸哭了起来。She buried her face in her hands and cried.短语：短语：bury oneself in=be buried in.专心于专心于，埋首于埋首于 bend ones mind/efforts/thoughts to devote oneself to=be devoted to 专心于专心于，献身于，献身于 be lost in 陷入陷入中中10.sh

20、elter n.掩蔽，躲避处，避难，保护掩蔽，躲避处，避难，保护短语：短语：take shelter from 躲避躲避 vt.&vi.庇护，掩护庇护，掩护(常与常与from搭配使用搭配使用)意为意为“保护保护不受不受的伤害的伤害/侵害侵害”eg:人们在百货商场躲避阵雨。人们在百货商场躲避阵雨。People took shelter from the shower in the department store.那些树木庇护田地不受冷风侵袭。那些树木庇护田地不受冷风侵袭。The trees shelter the field from the cold wind.title （1）n.C 标题

21、，题目Eg:His novel was published under the title of Love and Reason.（2）n.C 职位名称；职称Eg:The official title of the job is“Administrative Assistant”.（3）vt.（给书籍，乐曲等）加标题Eg:Their first album was titled“Ocean Drive”.11.damage n.&vt.损失，损害损失，损害eg:Smoking can damage your health.抽烟会损害你的健康。抽烟会损害你的健康。短语：短语：do damage

22、to 对对造成损害造成损害12.frighten vt.使惊吓，吓唬使惊吓，吓唬 frightened adj.受惊的，受恐吓的受惊的，受恐吓的 frightening adj.令人恐惧的令人恐惧的短语：短语：be frightened at 受受惊吓，见惊吓，见大吃一惊大吃一惊 be frightened of sb/sth 害怕某人害怕某人/某物某物同义词：同义词：shock 近义词：近义词：surprisecongratulation n.祝贺；恭贺；贺词搭配：offer/send ones congratulations to sb on sth 因某事向某人表示祝贺Eg:We off

23、ered our congratulations to him on his success.congratulate vt.祝贺搭配：congratulate sb on sth 因某事祝贺某人 congratulate oneself on sth/doing sth/that 暗自庆幸Eg:I heartily congratulate myself on having chosen a good woman to be my wife.judge（1）n.裁判员，评判员；法官；审判员裁判员，评判员；法官；审判员Eg:The judges decision is final.（2）vt.

24、判断；断定；认为判断；断定；认为Eg:Judging by her letter,they are having a wonderful time.（3）vt.裁判；评判；担任裁判裁判；评判；担任裁判Eg:She was asked to judge the essay competition.judge 是一个重要的动词，尤其要注意它所构成是一个重要的动词，尤其要注意它所构成的分词悬垂结构的分词悬垂结构judging from/by,它在句中做它在句中做独立成分，不受句子主独立成分，不受句子主语的影响和限制，表达的的影响和限制，表达的意意义是是说话者的看法或判断。者的看法或判断。express vt.表示，表达，表露搭配：express sth 表达/表露 express oneself 表达自己的思想感情 express itself 显而易见，不言自明Eg:Perhaps I have not expressed myself very well.Their pleasure expressed itself in a burst of applause.