跨文化交际教案.doc

《跨文化交际教案.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《跨文化交际教案.doc（86页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、Intercultural Communication in the Global WorkplaceJi Feng reference book :w 作者： （美）萨默瓦，波特 著，闵惠泉 等译w 出 版 社： 中国人民大学出版社About exam:w At the end of this term, you should write a paper less than 2,000 words on the :w “Intercultural Communication” ( you can write the paper in Chinese )The Importance of Le

2、arning about Cultures?w Cultural misunderstandings in business activities abroad can be destructive to a company(P2)w Companies need to know the reasons why people think as they do and value what they do. Then the way companies and people act will be comprehensible and even predictable ,and companie

3、s will avoid heavy business losses and failure. (P2)w Workplaces are increasingly multicultural around the world as employees are recruited globally. In the workplace, observable behavioral differences among members of different cultures should lead to an understanding of the WHY of culture. (P2) Se

4、ssion 1 Culture, Communication,Intercultural Communication Importance of Intercultural Communicationw Why did you choose this course?Chances for IC are caused by globalization- Spurring development of transportation and communication systems (shortened touring time, television networks, the internet

5、, international film industry)- Cultural migration between nations (multiculturalism)- New economic arena (multinational corporations)- Ever-increasing world population (finite natural resources, pollution, international conflicts)Warming upw Make a list of images from your home culture and try to e

6、xplain what they express about who the people of your culture are and what their relationship is to people from other cultures.w Which image do you prefer? Which do you think are the images that most truly express how people feel about themselves and the world? Lecture Outline1. What is culture?More

7、 deeply: what the behavior and customs mean to the people who are following them Onstage and Backstage Elements of Culturew Onstage behavior is what people who are in contact with one another find easiest to observe and react to. It involves culturally identifiable actions such as shaking hands, bow

8、ing, or kissing upon meeting. Onstage behavior includes holidays and traditional ways of celebrating them, food and dances, costume and music. It often what people refer to when asked to describe another culture. (P3) w Backstage behavior Its something that is easily identifiable and to recognize th

9、at “backstage” culture is not so visible to someone unfamiliar with it. Although backstage culture can seem as difficult to grasp as a wet fog, it holds the reasons why. (P3) Sir Edward Tylors definition in 1871 (first use of this term): “that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, mor

10、als, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”w Kroeber and Kluckhohn (1952) - Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions (listing more than 300 definitions)w Porter & Samovar The deposit（沉淀物） of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, att

11、itudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. -Intercultural Communication: A ReaderBasic functions o

12、f cultureCulture makes all things easy. - by providing meaning to events, objects and people - making life less confusing - by providing us with structure - the skills and rules necessary to adapt to our worldA culture can also be understood as a particular way to satisfy our human needs.Lets follow

13、 Abraham Maslow!w 1) Culture is learned consciously or unconsciously: (enculturation)*through Proverbs, Folktales, Myths, and legends w “Actions speak louder than words ”w “God helps one who helps himself ”w “the baby who cries gets the milk ”w “The human life is doomed ”(Asia)w “The rule is half li

14、fe” (Germany )w “The zebra ever never dislike its own stripe “w (Africa )*through Art e.g. Beijing Operaw *through Mass Media2) Most part of culture is unconscious Culture as an icebergCan you tell which of the following are above the water and which are below?w What people eat w What people wear w

15、What games children play w How to use timew How to introduce people w How to participate in ceremonies w Rules for gestures w Rules for facial expressions and eye contact w Etiquette w Work speed w What is right or wrong, beautiful or ugly, clean or dirty, good or bad, etc.w Car parkingw Case Study

16、Richard, an engineer from the United States, was invited to take tea with one of his British colleagues while he was in England. This was a purely social, relaxed occasion. Tea was served along with sugar and cream. As he helped himself to some sugar and cream, he sensed he had done something wrong.

17、 Can you tell what went wrong?Oct. 5, 2005 21st CenturyChanging Tastes“This July China Daily reported severe obesity affects 16 to 20 per cent Chinas young urbanites.”“A major study released by Centre for Public Nutrition and Development last September found as income increases, energy intake increa

18、ses. But a high percentage of that extra energy comes from fat. And grains and potatoes were eaten less.”w 3) Culture is subject to change4) Culture is transmitted from generation to generation5) Culture is based on symbols 6) Culture is integrated 7) Culture is adaptive (acculturation)Linell Davis:

19、 five metaphors(to be more easily understood)w Culture is like an iceberg some is visible (history, literature, customs) most is invisible (feelings and attitudes)w Culture is our software physical selves as the hardware, become human when programmed with the software of culturew Culture is like the

20、 water a fish swims in notice everything except the waterw Culture is the story we tell ourselves about ourselves people tell stories to tell who they are and stories also change to adapt to changing circumstancesw Culture is the grammar of our behavior people learn their cultural grammar unconsciou

21、sly and apply them automatically in order to behave appropriately in any societyResponses to Other Culturesw The more we know about other cultures, the more we will know about our own . Then we can begin to explain why people from different cultures behave the way they do in business situations. The

22、ir behavior will differ even if their workplace is in the same culture.(P13)w Most businesspeople want to act appropriately and to avoid offending their counterparts in foreign countries. They want to know the buttons to push to motivate people in other cultures, if only for the sake of making a sal

23、e. (P14)Mc Donalds w It has more outlets worldwide than in the United States, It operates in 118 countries, and a new Mc Donalds opens somewhere every 17 hours_ beacuse it practices a localized approach. Mc Donalds succeeds because it offers what local people want . That means being sensitive to the

24、 cultural needs of the immediate market.McDonalds menu around the world:w Norway: This is a favorite fish of the country, the local McDonalds have a dedicated McLaks (a kind of baked fish sandwich).w Germany: Germanys best-known then what diet? Of course, beer! Therefore, in Germany, McDonalds shop,

25、 was able to buy beer .w Canada: In Canada, parts of the store there will be a McDonalds lobster rolls, in France there is a large piece of bread with meat inside the sandwich package volumew Japan: McDonalds restaurant in Japan, you can buy shrimp fort, there is a mixture of mashed potatoes, vegeta

26、bles, sauces to sandwiches, there is a shrimp blocks.w Chile: In Chile, you can refuse to have added on your hamburger or a salad of tomato sauce, but the use of a local fruit juice to replace.w Costa Rica: Here you can buy a McDonalds blend of rice and beans for food.w Greece: In Greece, McDonalds,

27、 you can eat a feature of local snacks: pita breadw Hong Kong: McDonalds menu here, there is a special Hamburg: Hamburg skin is made from two pieces of sticky rice, rather than two pieces of thin bread.w Israel: McDonalds here, you do not see any folders with cheese sandwiches, because the local ban

28、 instead of a bread roll.w Uruguay: here, there is a McDonalds hamburger like ordinary food, in Hamburg, more than a fried egg on top. Mainstream culture, co-culture or subculture?w When we talk about culture, we mainly refer to mainstream culture.w Co-culture Vs subculture2. What is Communication?

29、It comes from the Latin word “communicare”, it means to give or to exchange. Now, the most common meaning of “communication” is to give or exchange information or ideas. Communication is our ability to share our ideas and feelings. (the basis of all human contact) Communication is a dynamic, systema

30、tic process in which meanings are created and reflected in human interaction with symbols. (J.T.Wood)Elements of communicationw Contextw Participantsw Messages (meanings, symbols, encoding and decoding)w Channels w Noise (external noise, internal noise, semantic noise)w feedbackLinear Model of Commu

31、nicationCharacteristics of communicationw 1) Communication is dynamicCharacteristics of communication2) Communication is interactivew A interactive view holds that communicators are simultaneously sending and receiving messages at every instant that they are involved in conversations. Characteristic

32、s of communicationw 3) Communication is irreversibleCharacteristics of communicationw 4) Communication is contextual.6. Intercultural Communicationw Samovar & Porter Intercultural communication is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter

33、 the communication event. intercultural communication refers to any communication between two members of any cultural communities.Intercultural Communication Vs Cross-cultural Communicationw Cross-cultural communication the similarities and differences in value orientations, affective dispositions,

34、relationship management, communicative styles (psychological process)w Intercultural communication the penetration by a member of one culture into another culture (practical significance)Forms of Intercultural Communicationw International communicationw Interracial communicationw Interethnic communi

35、cationw Intracultural communicationa. International communicationb. Interracial communicationc. Interethnic communicationd. Intracultural communicationDiscussion:Discuss the following cases of communication and decide to what extent they are intercultural.Communication betweenw A Chinese and an Amer

36、ican,w A Canadian and a South African,w A male and a femalew A father and a sonw A person from Beijing and one from Tibet,w A first-generation Chinese American and a third-generation one,w A student form Hong Kong and a teacher from Xianw A software technician and a farmer, etcw 任何人与人之间的交际都应该被视为跨文化交

37、际。 Singerw Samovar & Porter:西方人亚洲人 最大分歧意大利人沙特阿拉伯人美国人希腊人美国人德国人美国人操法语加拿大人盎格鲁撒克逊血统的美国白人拘留地的印第安人盎格鲁撒克逊血统的美国白人美国黑人美国人英国人美国人操英语加拿大人美国城市居民美国乡村居民天主教徒浸礼教徒主张男性权力者主张男女平等者异性恋者同性恋者环境保护者房地产开发商 最小分歧w What we focus on in this course is communication between cultures beyond country boundaries. 7.Elements of Intercul

38、tural Communicationw Perceptions (beliefs, values, attitudes, world views, social organizations)w Verbal processes (the ways in which cultures employ symbols to portray things and experiences)w Nonverbal processes (share thoughts and feelings by way of bodily behavior, time and space)w Contextual el

39、ements (business, education and health care, tourism and personal relationships)What was wrong?w Case Study While visiting Egypt, Richard, an engineer from the United States, was invited to a spectacular dinner at the home of an Egyptian friend. As he was leaving their home, making effort to thank t

40、hem for their dinner, he noticed their picture and made a compliment by saying “What beautiful frames your pictures are in!” However he sensed something wrong. His sincere compliment was obviously misunderstood. What is the correct attitude?w The communicator cannot stop at knowing that the people h

41、e is working with have different customs, goals, and thought patterns from his own. He must be able to work with them and within them, neither losing his own values in the confrontation nor protecting himself behind a wall of intellectual detachment. (Adapted from L.M.Barna, “Stumbling Blocks in Int

42、ercultural Communication”, 1992)Session 2 Cultural Diversity Right attitude in this global villageAppreciate similarities, Accept differencesWarm-up: Read the following sayings aloud, and think it over: what do they mean to you?w Human beings draw close to one another by their common nature, but hab

43、its and customs keep them apart. - Confucian sayingw God gave to every people a cup, cup of clay, and from this cup they drank life They all dipped in the water, but their cups were different. - R. Benedict Joke appreciation for cultural diversityw A young ladys miniskirt was accidentally torn open

44、by a young man. Please decide where they come from according to their responses to this incident. Joke appreciation for cultural diversityw 1. Before the man saying sorry, the woman bowed down and said in a tender voice: sorry, it is all my fault. It is all the bad quality of my skirt. I am sorry for the trouble I have brought to you. Joke appreciation for cultural diversityw 2. Before the man saying sorr