英国和美国的教育-PPT课件.ppt

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1、严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Education in the USA严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Education in the U.S.-Administrationn n1.Educational systemsn n2.Funds for schools严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Education in the U.S.-Administ

2、rationIn America,education is n na national concern n na state responsibility n na local function严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Education in the U.S.-Administrationn n1.There is 50 educational systems in the United States.The U.S.Constitution mentions nothing about education

3、.Each state enjoys freedom to develop a school system as extensive or as limited as it desires.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Education in the U.S.-Administrationn n2.Local communities in turn were given substantial freedom to select teachers and administrators and to schedu

4、le the school year and day to meet the standards by the states.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Education in the U.S.-Administrationn n3.There was no a federal organization for education until the establishment of the U.S.Office of Education in 1867.In 1953 became a branch of

5、the largest federal agency-The Department of Health,Education,and Welfare.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Education in the U.S.-Administrationn n4.Since the U.S.Constitution is silent on education,all educational matters are left to the individual state.On the state level,edu

6、cational policy is generally the responsibility of a state board of citizens.There is no one uniform pattern of state administration.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Education in the U.S.-Administrationn n5.In most states,the state legislature or governor appoints state boards

7、,but a few state boards are elected.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Education in the U.S.-Administrationn n6.Funds for schools come from 3 sources:Approximately 50%is raised through local property taxes.An average of from 40%-50%comes from the states.Only 8%-9%from the nation

8、al government.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Education in the U.S.-Practicen n1.School system n n2.Higher Education严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Education in the U.S.-Practicen nEducation is carried out at various levels,which are mainly divided int

9、o:elementary education 初级教育 secondary education 中级教育 higher education 高等教育严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Early Childhood Educationn nIn most areas,free public school education begins with In most areas,free public school education begins with kindergarten classes for kinderg

10、arten classes for five-year-oldfive-year-olds.s.n nSome public school systems also offer Some public school systems also offer pre-kindergarten pre-kindergarten programsprograms for four-year-olds.for four-year-olds.n nSome are introduced to the classroom situation at a Some are introduced to the cl

11、assroom situation at a much younger age,either through much younger age,either through nursery schoolsnursery schools or or day care centersday care centers.n nSome communities have Some communities have pre-and post-school programspre-and post-school programs for school-age children whose mothers l

12、eave for work for school-age children whose mothers leave for work before school begins and come home after school lets before school begins and come home after school lets out.out.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Kindergarten（幼儿园）（幼儿园）half-day sessionshalf-day sessions the ch

13、ild becomes accustomed to the child becomes accustomed to being separated from Mommy,being separated from Mommy,playing and sharing with other playing and sharing with other children,and following the children,and following the directions of a teacherdirections of a teacher the child are also introd

14、uced to the child are also introduced to skills and information that will skills and information that will help him later with academic help him later with academic workwork严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Nursery school(托儿所托儿所)n naccept children form three to accept children

15、form three to five years old five years old n nhalf-day sessions ranging half-day sessions ranging from twice a week to five from twice a week to five days a weekdays a weekn nwell-equipped classroom well-equipped classroom and playgroundand playgroundn nusually charge tuition,usually charge tuition

16、,though some are subsidized though some are subsidized and some offer scholarshipsand some offer scholarships严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Day care center(日托日托)n nprovide care for pre-school children of working mothers who need a place to leave their children all day,five d

17、ays a week.n naccept pre-schoolers from infancy on.n nThe Womens Liberation movement has widely publicized the idea that free,high-quality day care is essential if women are to participate fully in society.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Primary and Secondary Schoolsn nClasse

18、s of students are divided into twelve academic levels called grades.n nOne academic year is required to complete each grade.n nThe child enters the first grade,at about age six,to do some academic work(learning to read,write,and do arithmetic)严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。P

19、rimary and Secondary Schoolsn nThe first academic institution that a child attends is called grammar school or elementary school.n nIn some school systems,elementary school includes grades one through eight.The next four years are called high school.n nIn other school systems,there are three divisio

20、ns:elementary school(grades one through six),junior high school(grades seven through nine),and senior high school(grades ten through twelve).严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Grammar school(elementary school)n nSubjects:reading,arithmetic,language arts,social studies,music,art

21、and physical educationn nStudents are grouped into classes.n nThe class has the same teacher for most subjects.Only art,music and physical education are taught by teachers who specialize in these areas.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。n nThe important thing is to make the chil

22、dren happy and interested.n nstressed character training or social skills training through extracurricular activities.n nSchool and home are closely linked,and there is a sense of partnership between teachers and parents.Grammar school(elementary school)严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类

23、违纪行为或突发事件。High schooln nClassification:Vocational and technical high schools(职业技术中学)provide for a variety of occupations.Academic high schools(文理中学)emphasize their schooling in academic and intellectual disciplines.The majority of American high schools call themselves secondary education for almost

24、all high schools are responsible for providing both academic and vocational education.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。High schooln nSubjects Subjects(more specialized)(more specialized)English-grammar and literature English-grammar and literature social studies-American histo

25、ry social studies-American history American government American government European history European history algebra algebra 代数代数,geometry,geometry几何几何,and trigonometry,and trigonometry 三角三角学学 general science course(one year)general science course(one year)detailed courses in biology,chemistry,and p

26、hysics detailed courses in biology,chemistry,and physics foreign language foreign language music,art,and physical education music,art,and physical education严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。High schooln nStudents meet a different teacher and a different group of students for ea

27、ch subject.n nThe high school students day may be divided into nine periods:five for academic subjects one session for physical education a lunch period two study periods(visiting the library or participating in an extracurricular activity)严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。High

28、er educationn nClassification:Junior college-offer the first two years of college onlyCollege:offer only undergraduate coursesUniversity:undergraduate,graduate,and professional schoolsn nJunior college graduates usually transfer to four-year colleges or universities.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时

29、发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Higher educationn nHigher education includes:Junior college 专科-Associate Degree 副学士 undergraduate study本科-Bachelors degree学士graduate study 研究生 -Masters degree 硕士 -Doctors degree 博士严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Higher educationUndergraduate 本科生本科生:Fres

30、hmen:First year students 大一 Sophomores:Second-year students 大二 Juniors:Third-year students 大三 Seniors:Fourth-year students 大四严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Public or Privaten nMost college students in the United States are in“public”institutions,and only a minority are in“pr

31、ivate”ones.n nThe oldest,and in some ways the most prestigious,colleges are private,founded partly from endowments,and partly by contributions from business and above all,former students.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Public School and Private Schooll lEach state is responsi

32、ble for providing schooling.l lPublic schools are funded through local taxes and governed by local school boards.l lCurriculum is determined by each state.l lPrimary and secondary schools are free.l lPrivate schools are privately financed and maintained.l lMany of the schools have religious connecti

33、on.l lStudents pay tuition.l lMore than 10%students attend private schools.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Structure credit systemn nBachelor degree:130+creditsn nMaster degree:30-40 creditsn nA credit=15 hours of class instructionn nFreshmenn nSophomores:30 creditsn nJuniors

34、:60 creditsn nSeniors:90 credits严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。College gradeslFrom highest to lowest,run A,B,C,D,F.A=Excellent B=Above Average C=Average D=Below Average F=Failure (A student who fails a required course must take the course again.)严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。

35、做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。n nAmerican colleges and universities have gone to great lengths to see to it that students are not subject to excessive specialization.n nThe way to do this is to require students to take a certain number of courses in one department for his or her major take a certain nu

36、mber of other courses that are distributed among several departments.But he usually concentrates in one field during his last two years of college.Avoid excessive specialization严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Campus lifen nA college community is an interesting and lively plac

37、e.Students become involved in many different activities-extracurricular,religious,social,and athletic.Extracurricular activitiesExtracurricular activities are college newspapers,are college newspapers,musical organizations,dramatic clubs,and political musical organizations,dramatic clubs,and politic

38、al groups.groups.Student unionStudent union where students can get together for where students can get together for lunch,study sessions,club meetings,and socializing.lunch,study sessions,club meetings,and socializing.At many schools,campus life revolves around At many schools,campus life revolves a

39、round fraternitiesfraternities and and sororities sororities.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。College Entry Requirementsn nRequirements vary between institutions.Requirements vary between institutions.n nExpectations are the same for every major.(Either Expectations are the sa

40、me for every major.(Either science or art)science or art)n nCommonalities:Commonalities:1.SAT(Scholastic Aptitude Test or Student Achievement 1.SAT(Scholastic Aptitude Test or Student Achievement Test)Test)学业能力倾向测验成绩 2.Letters of Recommendation 2.Letters of Recommendation 推荐信推荐信 3.Application 3.Appl

41、ication 申请申请 4.Tuition:Public four-year institution:$15,000 per year 4.Tuition:Public four-year institution:$15,000 per year Private four-year institution:$32,000 per year Private four-year institution:$32,000 per year (excluding housing,food,or other supplies)(excluding housing,food,or other suppli

42、es)严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Costn nThe rapidly rising cost of higher educationn nHarvard University(private):tuition+housing and Harvard University(private):tuition+housing and food+personal expenses food+personal expenses=$24,000+$8,000+$8,000=$24,000+$8,000+$8,000 n

43、nArizona State University(public):tuition+housing Arizona State University(public):tuition+housing and food+personal expenses=$7,000-and food+personal expenses=$7,000-$8,000+$2,000-$3,000+$4,000-$5,000$8,000+$2,000-$3,000+$4,000-$5,000严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。The disti

44、nctive features of the American educational system：n nEmphasis on education of the masses 大众教育rather than on education of the intellectuals精英教育.n nGoals include:Promoting democracy,assimilation,individuality,nationalism,equality of opportunity and personal development.n nEducation is neither central

45、ly administered nor supported directly by the federal government.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Top Universities1.1.Princeton University2.2.Harvard University3.3.Yale University4.4.California Institute of Technology5.5.Stanford University6.6.Massachusetts Institute of Techno

46、logy严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。The Ivy League(常青藤盟校）常青藤盟校）n nSome of the best-known Some of the best-known private universities in the private universities in the United States are located in United States are located in the Northeast.the Northeast.n nThey are the oldest

47、 ones in They are the oldest ones in America as well.America as well.n nThe Big ThreeThe Big Three:Harvard Harvard 哈佛大学哈佛大学 Yale Yale 耶鲁大学耶鲁大学 PrincetonPrinceton普林斯顿大学普林斯顿大学严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。The Ivy League(常青藤盟校）常青藤盟校）Harvard Harvard 哈佛大学哈佛大学 Yale Yale 耶鲁大学耶鲁大学

48、Princeton Princeton 普林斯顿大学普林斯顿大学 Brown Brown 布朗大学布朗大学 Columbia Columbia 哥伦比亚大学哥伦比亚大学 Cornell Cornell 康奈尔大学康奈尔大学 Dartmouth Dartmouth 达特茅斯学院达特茅斯学院 University of Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania 宾夕法尼亚州大学宾夕法尼亚州大学严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Harvard University 哈佛大学哈佛大学n

49、nHarvard is located in Cambridge,Massachusetts,on Harvard is located in Cambridge,Massachusetts,on the eastern coast of the United States.the eastern coast of the United States.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Harvard University 哈佛大学哈佛大学l lHarvard College was Harvard College w

50、as established in 1636.established in 1636.l lIt was named for its first It was named for its first benefactor,John benefactor,John Harvard of Harvard of Charlestown,a young Charlestown,a young minister who upon his minister who upon his death,left his library death,left his library and half his est