高中高考语法填空解题技巧ppt课件.ppt

《高中高考语法填空解题技巧ppt课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中高考语法填空解题技巧ppt课件.ppt（35页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、 语法填空题语法填空题 解题技巧解题技巧 专题一专题一 2014高考新题型高考新题型一、观察与思考一、观察与思考2014年河北省高考新题型样题阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上相应位置形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上相应位置（共（共1010小题，每小题小题，每小题1.51.5分，分，满分满分1515分）分）Mum(putting on her coat):Im going to have to go down to the shop for more bread.Ala

2、n:Why?Mum:Im not sure what happened(happen).I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table when I went to answer the phone.But someone must have taken them because theyre gone(go).Alan:Oh,it must have been Dad.Im sure he was in the kitchen earlier(early).Mum:No,he went off to his tennis m

3、atch before I finished making(make)them,so he couldnt have done it.Besides,he couldnt carry a plate of sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff,so Im sure it wasnt him.Alan(opening fridge door):Well,it wasnt me.But Mum,look!Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of the fridge?Mum:Are t

4、hey there?Oh,my goodness.I must have put them in there when the phone rang.Oh,dear.I really must be losing my mind/memory.Now,why did I put on my coat?We find out.1.是一个篇章练习，大约是一个篇章练习，大约150-200字。字。2.共有共有10个空，每空最多可填三个词，个空，每空最多可填三个词，每空每空1.5分分3.共有两类填空题：共有两类填空题：纯填空题，纯填空题，6空左右；空左右；给出提示词填空，给出提示词填空，4空左右空左右

5、1 1、阅读、阅读/理解理解语篇语篇的能力的能力;2 2、分析、分析句子结构句子结构的能力的能力;3 3、熟练运用、熟练运用语法语法的能力。的能力。二、能力要求二、能力要求解题宗旨解题宗旨先语境、后语法先语境、后语法三、分析与研究三、分析与研究空格设计空格设计纯空格纯空格介词，连词（包括从句引导词），介词，连词（包括从句引导词），代词，冠词，代词，冠词，情态动词，情态动词，固定搭配，典型句型等固定搭配，典型句型等有有提提示示词词谓语动词，非谓语动词，谓语动词，非谓语动词，名词名词/动词动词/形容词形容词/副词的词性转化副词的词性转化形容词或副词的比较级或最高级形容词或副词的比较级或最高级有时也

6、有名词有时也有名词动词，形容词，名词动词，形容词，名词此外，要注意单词此外，要注意单词拼写正确拼写正确，句首要句首要大写大写谓语动词，非谓语动词谓语动词，非谓语动词，动词动词 词性转化词性转化参照四年用所给词的适当形式参照四年用所给词的适当形式填空的考点填空的考点 测试内容内容2011年年2012年年2013年年2014年年样题样题动词非非谓语动词不定式不定式-ed分分词-ing分分词 sittingwearingthinking makinggone 谓语动词（时态,语态等）等）was pretendingwould buyfoundhappened形容形容词或副或副词的的比比较级最高最高级

7、laterharderearlier动词、名、名词形容形容词副副词，词性性转化化mentallypleased动词变形容动词变形容词词reasonable possibly 四四 、答题技巧、答题技巧 如果所给出的词是动词，要首先判断是谓如果所给出的词是动词，要首先判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。语动词还是非谓语动词。若句中没有别的谓语动词或者若句中没有别的谓语动词或者_ 所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑就要考虑_。技巧一、考查谓语动词、考查谓语动词？方法：分析句子结构，考虑语境方法：分析句子结构，考虑语境。例例1.His fear of fail

8、ure kept him from classroom games that other children _(play).played解析：从句主语为解析：从句主语为other children，缺谓语；，缺谓语；通过语境，知道上文中用的是过去时，通过语境，知道上文中用的是过去时，children 和和 play是主动关系，所以需填？是主动关系，所以需填？例例2 My good friend,Tom,came into the classroom and _(sit)down to study.解析：句子主语为解析：句子主语为my good friend，谓语为，谓语为came，通过语境发现

9、，通过语境发现并并列连词列连词and，判断所需并，判断所需并列谓语，所以需填？列谓语，所以需填？sat例例3was changed解析：主句主语为解析：主句主语为the exam，缺谓语；通，缺谓语；通过语境，知道下文中有提示词过语境，知道下文中有提示词last minute，又分析，又分析exam与与change之间是被动关系，之间是被动关系，exam为单数，所以需填？为单数，所以需填？The exam,which was originally to be held in our classroom,_(change)to the library at the last minute.如果所

10、给出的词是动词，要首先分析句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。方法：分析句子结构，考虑语境。若句中没有别的谓语动词或者若句中没有别的谓语动词或者_ 所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑就要考虑_。技巧一技巧一 考查谓语动词考查谓语动词时态语态，主谓一致等时态语态，主谓一致等虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，谓语动词时态和语态的主要考点谓语动词时态和语态的主要考点考查在语境中动词的时态。考查在语境中动词的时态。1、找、找时态标志；时态标志；2、遵循、遵循时态一致性时态一致性原则；原则；3

11、、根据、根据上下文语境；上下文语境；语态：分析主语与所填动词之间的逻辑关系，是动作语态：分析主语与所填动词之间的逻辑关系，是动作的承受者，需用被动结构。（基本结构的承受者，需用被动结构。（基本结构be+done）followed had broken1.They didnt take many chances in their lives.They usually _(follow)orders.2.I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he _ (break)his finger.Practice.repliedwas

12、 told3.The boy,who had remained silent and deepin thought on the journey home,_(reply)in a way that shocked his father.4.“Take it easy!Its Sunday today!”Jim _(tell).若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就要考虑非谓语动词。所给动词就要考虑非谓语动词。技巧二、考查非谓语动词技巧二、考查非谓语动词 1._(look)at his disappointed look,I said nothi

13、ng more.2._(bite)twice,the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.3._ (complete)the project in time,the staff make every effort to work at weekends.Looking例题例题Bitten To complete观察逗号前后，都没有观察逗号前后，都没有并列连词，考虑非谓语并列连词，考虑非谓语 非谓语动词，包括非谓语动词，包括V-ing形式、形式、V-ed形式形式和动词不定式。和动词不定式。做题时要分析非

14、谓语在句中做题时要分析非谓语在句中所做的成分，确定所给出的词与其所修饰的所做的成分，确定所给出的词与其所修饰的词或其逻辑主语的关系。词或其逻辑主语的关系。如果与中心词是如果与中心词是主动主动 关系，关系，；如果与中心词是如果与中心词是被动被动 关系，关系，；如果表示如果表示目的目的，将来将来，一般用一般用V-ing形式形式一般用一般用V-ed形式形式一般用动词不定式形式。一般用动词不定式形式。技巧二、非谓语动词答题技巧技巧二、非谓语动词答题技巧牢记！牢记！1.I have a comfortable room _(live)in.2.For breakfast he only drinks j

15、uice from fresh fruit _(grow)on his own farm.3.We are invited to a party _ (hold)in our club next Wednesday.4.He saw the stone,_ (say)to himself:“The night willl be very dark.”Practice.to livegrown to be held saying 首先要分析句子结构，主首先要分析句子结构，主+谓谓+宾，然后确定宾，然后确定缺少成分缺少成分“主语主语”，再根据成分需要，确定，再根据成分需要，确定用什么词，用什么词，

16、“主语通常是名词主语通常是名词”，此外物主，此外物主代词后也常接名词，最后需要填？代词后也常接名词，最后需要填？useless技巧三、考查所给动词的词性转换技巧三、考查所给动词的词性转换choice分析：首先要分析句子结构，主分析：首先要分析句子结构，主+系系+表，然表，然后确定缺少成分后确定缺少成分“表语表语”，再根据成分需要，再根据成分需要，确定用什么词确定用什么词“表语通常是形容词表语通常是形容词”，最后，最后参照转折词参照转折词but，通过句意，我们需要填？，通过句意，我们需要填？1.Most of the people in the town showed pity on him,b

17、ut it was _(use).2.But Jane knew from past experience that her _ (choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.(2009广东高考广东高考)如果所给是动词形式需要进行词性转化，要根据句子结构确定所缺成分，然后考虑用什么词性。主语通常用_；物主代词后也常接_宾语，表语，补语通常用_；状语通常用_。技巧总结：技巧总结：名词名词形容词形容词副词副词注意：主语也可以是代词，注意：主语也可以是代词，动名词或者不定式等。动名词或者不定式等。名词名词Practice1.As far as I am

18、 concerned,my _(suggest)is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English within easy reach.(惠惠二模二模)2.These people have made great _(contribute)to China with their work.(茂名二模茂名二模)suggestioncontributions3 It would be _(believe)that such an honest fellow should have betrayed（出卖（出卖）his fri

19、ends!解析：分析结构主系表，系动词解析：分析结构主系表，系动词be后缺后缺表语表语，要用要用believe的的形容词形式形容词形式believable；由；由句意句意“这样一个老实人竟会出卖朋友，真难以置信这样一个老实人竟会出卖朋友，真难以置信!”可知，还要在前面加上表示相反意义的可知，还要在前面加上表示相反意义的前缀前缀un，答案为？，答案为？unbelievable 韩国明星韩国明星金秀贤，提醒你语法填空金秀贤，提醒你语法填空 给出提示词动词，答题技巧总结给出提示词动词，答题技巧总结(1)如果一个句子没有谓语动词，或者虽然已有如果一个句子没有谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但所填的动词

20、与之是并列关系时，就谓语动词，但所填的动词与之是并列关系时，就是填谓语动词，这时就要根据语境考虑时态和语是填谓语动词，这时就要根据语境考虑时态和语态，主谓一致等。态，主谓一致等。(2)如果一个句子已有谓语动词，且不是并列谓如果一个句子已有谓语动词，且不是并列谓语动词时，所给动词要用非谓语形式，这时要分语动词时，所给动词要用非谓语形式，这时要分析非谓语在句中所做的成分和非谓语动词各自的析非谓语在句中所做的成分和非谓语动词各自的用法特点，选择动词用法特点，选择动词-ing形式、形式、-ed形式或形式或-to do形式。形式。(3)有时根据句子结构，成分的需要考虑词性转有时根据句子结构，成分的需要考

21、虑词性转换。换。四、合作探究Discussion（设空练习）（设空练习）It is important for students to use the Internet properly.Now we have a textbook,which uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet.It gives useful advice.Some students also make friends on the Internet.But if you want to have a face-to-

22、face meeting with your online friends,let your parents know and meet in a proper place.五、巩固提高（高考真题再现）五、巩固提高（高考真题再现）(一一)I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains.The sun was setting when my car 1 (break)down near a remote and poor village.Cursing my misfortune,I was wondering where I was going to spe

23、nd the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 2 who should have the honor of receiving me 3 as a guest in their house.Finally,I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house.While she was getting me 4 (settle)into a tiny but clea

24、n room,the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 5 a small town some 20 kilometers away 6 where there was a garage.I had noticed three hens running freely in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table 7 Some villagers brought me goats

25、 cheese and honey.We drank together and we were so 8 (excite)and talked merrily till far into the night.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village,I wanted to reward the old woman 9 for the trouble I had caused 10 her.1.broke （谓语动词）（谓语动词）先语境先语境The sun was setting，后语法，此处汽，后

26、语法，此处汽车坏了，车坏了，break down不用被动。不用被动。4.settled（非谓语动词）（非谓语动词）通过语境得知，此处考查固定结构通过语境得知，此处考查固定结构get.done 8.excited（词性转化）（词性转化）先分析句子结构，后确定成分，得出需要用先分析句子结构，后确定成分，得出需要用表语形容词表语形容词（二）（二）Dear neighbors,Were happy to announce 1 that our community is 2 (go)to organize an activity for all the community members.Next Sa

27、turday,we are going to pick apples 3 in a village 20 kilometers away from our town,and all are welcome.We will 4 (meet)at 8:00 a.m.at the gate,5 where a blue bus will be 6 (wait).Our outdoor activity will last 3 hours,and well be back at about 11 oclock.If you are 7 (interest),please sign up at the

28、office before 5:00 p.m.next Thursday so that we will make necessary 8 (arrange).We are 9 (look)forward to your 10 (join)us.Community OfficeWhat have you learned today?Homework.英语小笑话英语小笑话 Teacher：Why are you late for school every morning？Tom：Every time I come to the corner，a sign says，“SchoolGoSlow.”