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1、 基本句型汉译英练习主谓结构(S十V)本结构是由主语加本结构是由主语加不及物不及物的谓语动词构成的谓语动词构成,常用来常用来表示主语的动作表示主语的动作。如:如:The sun rises.主语可有修饰语主语可有修饰语-定语,如,定语,如,The red sun rises.谓语可有修饰语谓语可有修饰语-状语,如,状语,如,The red sun rises in the east翻译练习翻译练习:1.你应当努力学习。你应当努力学习。2.她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。3.那天早上我们谈了很多。那天早上我们谈了很多。4.会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。5.在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发
2、生了巨大的变在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。化。6.这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。7.1919年,在北京爆发了年,在北京爆发了“五五.四四”运动运动The May Fourth Movement。8.每天八时开始上课。每天八时开始上课。9.这个盒子重五公斤。这个盒子重五公斤。10.五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。11.爱丽丝爱丽丝Alice很会游泳。很会游泳。12.约翰约翰John的父亲昨晚去世了。的父亲昨晚去世了。13.秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。14.我的爷爷早晨起得很早。我的爷爷早晨起得很早。15.每天下午有许多学生到图
3、书馆来借书。每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。Check the answers:1.You should study hard.2.She went home very late yesterday evening.3.That morning we talked a great deal.4.The meeting will last two hours.5.Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.6.Things of that sort are happening all over the
4、 world every day.7.The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.8.Classes begin at eight every day.9.This box weighs five kilos.10.I lived in Beijing five years ago.11.Alice swims very well.12.Johns father died last night.13.In autumn,some birds fly to the south.14.My grandfather gets up ear
5、ly in the morning.15.Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.2S十十V十十O主谓宾结构主谓宾结构 此结构是由主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语构成。在此句式中V代表及物动词或及物动词词组及物动词或及物动词词组(vt),只有及物动词或及物动词短语才能且必须才能且必须接宾语,因此后有宾语;宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分名词或相当于名词的成分。(名词,名词短语或代词)例如:eg:Isawafilm.译:我看了一部电影。(I是主语,saw是谓语,a film宾语)eg:Theytookg
6、oodcareofthechildren 译:他们把这些孩子照看得很好。(they是主语,took good care of是谓语,其中took是take的过去式,the children是宾语)说明:说明:说明:说明:此结构中的谓语动词如果是动词词组此结构中的谓语动词如果是动词词组此结构中的谓语动词如果是动词词组此结构中的谓语动词如果是动词词组,分两种情况分两种情况分两种情况分两种情况:1.1.及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词+副词副词副词副词,2.2.不及物动词不及物动词不及物动词不及物动词+介词介词介词介词即变成及物动即变成及物动即变成及物动即变成及物动词词组词词组词词组词词组n n1.
7、1.动词动词动词动词+副词:副词:副词:副词:get in(get in(收割收割收割收割),hand in),hand in(提交,交进)(提交,交进)(提交,交进)(提交,交进)动词动词动词动词+介词:介词:介词:介词:persist in(persist in(坚持坚持坚持坚持),succeed in(succeed in(在在在在成成成成功功功功)n n2.2.动词动词动词动词+副词:副词:副词:副词:如,如,如,如,turn on(turn on(开开开开),move on),move on(走开)(走开)(走开)(走开),pass onpass on(传递)(传递)(传递)(传递)
8、,put on,put on(穿上)(穿上)(穿上)(穿上),have on,have on(穿着)(穿着)(穿着)(穿着).动词动词动词动词+介词:介词:介词:介词:work onwork on(从事于(从事于(从事于(从事于),operate on,operate on(在(在(在(在上动手术)上动手术)上动手术)上动手术),agree on,agree on(同意)(同意)(同意)(同意)get onget on(上车,上(上车,上(上车,上(上车,上船)船)船)船),ride on,ride on(骑上)(骑上)(骑上)(骑上)有的含有介词 at,for,from,into,of,wi
9、th,to 等的动介词组是不可拆分的。如,look after(照顾),look at(瞧),look for(寻找),belong to(属于),refer to(参考,提及),think of(考虑,评价),send for(派人去请),care for(喜欢),suffer from(受之苦),deal with(对付,应付),object to(反对),pay for(付的钱),等。总结:总结:总结:总结:动动动动+副构成的短语动词,宾语是名词可以置副构成的短语动词,宾语是名词可以置副构成的短语动词,宾语是名词可以置副构成的短语动词,宾语是名词可以置中或置后,宾语是代词只能置中中或置后
10、,宾语是代词只能置中中或置后,宾语是代词只能置中中或置后,宾语是代词只能置中1.1.含有含有away,out,forward,up away,out,forward,up 等副词的等副词的动副词组动副词组是可拆是可拆分的。如,分的。如,They They carried out carried out the planthe plan successfully.successfully.我们还可以说,我们还可以说,They They carried carried the planthe plan out out successfully.successfully.但我们只说但我们只说 As
11、the plan was practical,they As the plan was practical,they carriedcarried it it outout successfully.successfully.动副词组都可以这样用,如,动副词组都可以这样用,如,point outpoint out(指出)(指出),carry outcarry out(执行)(执行),put forward,put forward(提出)(提出),work out,work out(做出,算出)(做出,算出),find out,find out(找出)(找出),give up,give up(放
12、弃)(放弃),give awaygive away(赠送,分发)(赠送,分发),pick up,pick up(拣起)(拣起),put up,put up(挂上)(挂上),等。等。Exercise practice1.1.昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。Iwrotealetterlastnight.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.2.这本书他读过多次了。这本书他读过多次了。Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.3.3.他们成功地完成了计划。他们成功地完成了计划。(carry out)(carry out
13、)Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.4.4.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。你们必须在两周内看完这些书。(finish doing)(finish doing)Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.5.5.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。那位先生能流利地说三种语言。Thatgentlemencanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.Thatg
14、entlemencanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.6.6.我开窗户你在意吗?我开窗户你在意吗?Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?7.Jim 7.Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。还不会自己穿衣服。(dress oneself)(dress oneself)Jimcannotdresshimself.Jimcannotdresshimself.8.8.我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。IreceivedaletterfrommypenfriendinIreceiveda
15、letterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.Australia.9.9.我们大家都相信我们大家都相信Jack Jack 是一个诚实男孩。是一个诚实男孩。AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.10.10.他不知道说什麽好。他不知道说什麽好。Hedidnotknowwhattosay.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.11.11.他每天早晨洗冷水澡。他每天早晨洗冷水澡。(take a bath)(take a bath)Hetakesacoldbathevery
16、morning.Hetakesacoldbatheverymorning.12.12.他们高度赞扬了英雄的业迹。他们高度赞扬了英雄的业迹。(sing praise for)(sing praise for)Theysanghighpraiseforthedeedsofthehero.Theysanghighpraiseforthedeedsofthehero.翻译练习翻译练习n n我不信任那个人。(我不信任那个人。(believe in)believe in)n n他指出了我的作文中的错误。他指出了我的作文中的错误。(point out)(point out)n n圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。
17、圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。(call on)(call on)n n你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。(hand in)(hand in)n n五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。(work out)(work out)n n这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。(take good care of)(take good care of)n n你在工作中可依靠他。你在工作中可依靠他。(depend on)(depend on)n n沸腾的水散发水蒸汽。沸腾的水散发水蒸汽。(give off)(give off)n
18、 n写完作文后,我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。写完作文后,我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。(go(go over)over)n n脱掉你的外套,离开前再穿。脱掉你的外套,离开前再穿。(take off)(take off)n n人们会把她找出来的。人们会把她找出来的。(find out)(find out)n n我们必须派人去请医生我们必须派人去请医生 (send for)(send for)n n我不信任那个人。(我不信任那个人。(believe in)believe in)n n他指出了我的作文中的错误。他指出了我的作文中的错误。(point out)(point out)n n圣诞节我们将去看
19、望外籍教师。圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。(call on)(call on)n n你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。(hand in)(hand in)n n五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。(work out)(work out)n nIdontIdontbelievein(believein(介介介介)thatman.thatman.n nHeHepointedoutpointedout(副)(副)(副)(副)themistakesinmycomposition.themistakesinmycomposition.n nOn
20、ChristmasDay,weOnChristmasDay,wewillcallonwillcallon(介)(介)(介)(介)ourforeignourforeignteachers.teachers.n nYoumustYoumusthandinhandin(副)(副)(副)(副)yourexercise-booksafteryourexercise-booksafterclass.class.n nWecannotWecannotworkoutworkout(副)(副)(副)(副)theprobleminfiveminutes.theprobleminfiveminutes.Check
21、the answersn n这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。(take good care of)(take good care of)n n你在工作中可依靠他。你在工作中可依靠他。(depend on)(depend on)n n沸腾的水散发水蒸汽。沸腾的水散发水蒸汽。(give off)(give off)n n写完作文后,我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。写完作文后,我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。(go(go over)over)n n脱掉你的外套,离开前再穿。脱掉你的外套,离开前再穿。(take off,put on)(take off,put on)n n人们会把她找
22、出来的。人们会把她找出来的。(find out)(find out)n n我们必须派人去请医生我们必须派人去请医生 (send for)(send for)n nThenurseThenursewilltakegoodcareofwilltakegoodcareofyourfather.yourfather.n nYoucanYoucandependondependon(介)(介)(介)(介)himinyourwork.himinyourwork.n nBoilingwaterBoilingwatergivesoffgivesoff(副)(副)(副)(副)steam.steam.n nAfte
23、rwritingacomposition,wemustAfterwritingacomposition,wemustgoovergoover(介)(介)(介)(介)it.it.n nTakeoffyourcoatandTakeoffyourcoatandputitonputiton(副)(副)(副)(副)beforeyoubeforeyouleave.leave.n nPeoplewillPeoplewillfindheroutfindherout(副)(副)(副)(副).n nWemustWemustsendforsendfor(介)(介)(介)(介)adoctoradoctor 3.S十十
24、V十十P主系表结构主系表结构 说明说明:本结构是由本结构是由主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语组成,组成,主要用以说明主语的特征,类属,状态,身主要用以说明主语的特征,类属,状态,身份等。份等。P一般是一般是形容词或名词或名词性质的形容词或名词或名词性质的短语短语,V是是系动词系动词,常见的系动词有常见的系动词有n n(1)表示特征和存在状态的)表示特征和存在状态的 be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound.n n(2)表示状态延续的)表示状态延续的 remain,stay,keep,continue,stand.n n(3)表示状态变化的)表示状态变
25、化的 become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow.eg:Heishandsome译:他长得帅。译:他长得帅。(he做主语,做主语,is是系动词,是系动词,handsome是形容词,是形容词,做表语做表语)eg:Heis a clever boy。译:他是一个聪明的男孩译:他是一个聪明的男孩 (he是主语,是主语,is 是系动词,是系动词,a clever boy是名词短是名词短语语不定冠词不定冠词a/an+形容词名词单数形容词名词单数,做,做表语)表语)eg:Thedeskfeelshard译:书桌摸起来很硬。译:书桌摸起来很硬。(The desk是主语,是主语
26、,feel是系动词,是系动词,hard是形容词是形容词)翻译练习:翻译练习:n n我的兄弟都是大学生。我的兄弟都是大学生。我的兄弟都是大学生。我的兄弟都是大学生。n n冬季白天短,夜晚长。冬季白天短,夜晚长。冬季白天短,夜晚长。冬季白天短,夜晚长。n n布朗夫人看起来很健康。布朗夫人看起来很健康。布朗夫人看起来很健康。布朗夫人看起来很健康。n n十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。n n孩子们,请保持安静。孩子们,请保持安静。孩子们,请保持安静。孩子们,请保持安静。n nMy brothers My broth
27、ers areare all college students.all college students.n nIn winter,the days In winter,the days areare short and the nights are long.short and the nights are long.n nMrs Brown Mrs Brown looks looks very healthy.very healthy.n nAt the age of fifteen he At the age of fifteen he becamebecame a famous pia
28、nist.a famous pianist.n nChildren,Children,keepkeep quiet please.quiet please.n n这本书是有关美国历史的书。这本书是有关美国历史的书。这本书是有关美国历史的书。这本书是有关美国历史的书。n n她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。n n他失业了。他失业了。他失业了。他失业了。n n树叶已经变黄了。树叶已经变黄了。树叶已经变黄了。树叶已经变黄了。n n这个报告听起来很有意思。这个报告听起来很有意思。这个报告听起来很有意思。这个报告听起来
29、很有意思。n nThis book This book is is about the history of the United States.about the history of the United States.n nHer job Her job is is to look after the children in the nursery.to look after the children in the nursery.n nHe He is is out of work.out of work.n nThe leaves The leaves have turnedhave
30、 turned yellow.yellow.n nThe report The report soundssounds interesting.interesting.4.S十十V十十O十十C主谓宾补结构主谓宾补结构 n n说明说明:此结构由此结构由主语主语+及物的谓语动词及物的谓语动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足宾语补足语语构成。及物动词本身需要一个宾语外,构成。及物动词本身需要一个宾语外,还需要还需要一个名词,形容词,副词一个名词,形容词,副词,动词不定式,分词来补动词不定式,分词来补充说明宾语,才能表达一个完整的意念。充说明宾语,才能表达一个完整的意念。宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系,若无宾语
31、宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有,补足语,则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有,名名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词词。如,。如,n nThesunkeepsThesunkeepsusus warm.warm.n nIheardIheardhimhimsinging.singing.n nYoumustgetYoumustgetyourhairyourhair cut.cut.WeelectedWeelectedLiYangLiYang ourmonitor.ourmonitor.Thenewsma
32、deThenewsmadeusussad.sad.ShesawShesawthethiefthethiefstealintotheshop.stealintotheshop.TheteacheraskedTheteacheraskedmeme toanswerthequestiontoanswerthequestion.IfoundIfoundthemantheman stealingthemoneystealingthemoney.IfoundIfoundmymoneymymoney stolen.stolen.用用 it it 做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足做形式宾语,而将真正的宾
33、语放到宾语补足的后面,是英语常用句型的后面,是英语常用句型.即即 主语主语 +谓语谓语 +it+it+宾补宾补 +真正宾语真正宾语 如,如,n nI foundI found it it very pleasantvery pleasant to be with your familyto be with your family.特别提醒特别提醒特别提醒特别提醒 A.A.现在分词为宾语补足语时,现在分词为宾语补足语时,现在分词为宾语补足语时,现在分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与现在分词之间宾语与现在分词之间宾语与现在分词之间宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系是主动关系是主动关系是主动关系;过去分词为宾语补
34、足语时;过去分词为宾语补足语时;过去分词为宾语补足语时;过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与宾语与宾语与宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。过去分词之间是被动关系。过去分词之间是被动关系。过去分词之间是被动关系。Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.Inoticedalongqueueoutsidethebankwaitingforittoopen.Thenextmorningshefoundthemanlyinginbed,dead.Ioftenheart
35、hissongsunginthestreet.n nB.在let(让),make(使得),have(请,让,使得),see(看),hear(听到),watch(观看),feel(感觉到),listento(倾听),lookat(看到),notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式,则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时,则要带”to”.e.gTheteacheraskedmetoanswerthequestion.Wehearhersingnextdoor.Sheisheardtosingnextdoor.翻译练习:翻译练习:n n我们叫她Alice.n n他的父母给他取名为John.n
36、n我们大家都认为他是诚实的。n n他们把门推开了。n n他们把小偷释放了。n nWe call her Alice.n nHis parents named him John.n nAll of us considered him honest.n nThey pushed the door open.n nThey have set the thief free.n n我们要使学校变得更美丽。n n他请我们参加做游戏。n n我要你把真相告诉我。n n卫兵命令我们立即离开。n n明天我要找人来修理机器。n nWe will make our school more beautiful.n nH
37、e asked us to join in the game.n nI want you to tell me the truth.n nThe guards ordered us to leave at once.n nTomorrow Ill have someone repair the machine.n n痛苦使得他叫喊起来。n n我们不会让她在晚上外出的。n n他每个月理一次发。n n我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。n n那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 n nThe pain made him cry out.n nWe wont let her go out at night.n nH
38、e has his hair cut once a month.n nIll get my recorder mended.n nThe terrible sound made the children frightened.n n她正在听人家讲故事。n n男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。n n我从来没看见这个字这样用过。n n他感到很难跟你交谈。n nShe is listening to someone telling stories.n nThe boys were watching the soldiers drilling.n nI have never seen the word use
39、d that way before.n nHe felt it very difficult to talk with you.n n我想乘船去那里更舒服些。n n我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。n n学校定了一条规则,开始上课时学生要起立。n n我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。n nI think it more comfortable to go there by ship.n nI consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.n nThe school made it a rule that the students
40、should stand up when class begins.n nI thought it no use talking with that man 5.S十十V十十O1十十O2主谓双宾结构主谓双宾结构 n n在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get等。eg:Hegavemeabook.(he 是主语gave是谓语动词,是give 的过去式,me是间宾,a book是直宾)=Hegave abooktome译:他给我一本书。n neg:Hebroughtmeap
41、en.=Hebrought apentome(brought是bring的过去式,译为“带来”)译:他带给我一枝钢笔。eg:Motherboughtmeabook=Motherbought abookforme.(bought是buy的过去式)译:妈妈给我买了一本书。n n 说明:说明:说明:说明:n n此结构由主语此结构由主语+及物谓语动词及物谓语动词+间接宾语(人)间接宾语(人)+直接宾语直接宾语(事物)组成。如,(事物)组成。如,n nHe brings me cookies every day.He brings me cookies every day.n nShe made me
42、a beautiful dress.She made me a beautiful dress.n n但若要先说出直接宾语(事物),后说间接宾语(人),但若要先说出直接宾语(事物),后说间接宾语(人),则要借助于介词则要借助于介词toto或或for,for,如,如,He brings cookiesHe brings cookies to to me every me every day.day.n nShe made a beautiful dress She made a beautiful dress forfor me.me.n n用用toto侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人
43、。侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。n n用用forfor 侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。常侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有:跟双宾语的动词有:n n(需借助(需借助toto的)的)bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,等。等。n n(需借助(需借助for f
44、or 的)的)buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,order,sing,save,spare,sing,save,spare,等。等。n n翻译练习:1.Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3.Mary把钱包交给校长了。4.请把那本字典递给我好吗?5.他把车票给列车员看。6.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了 Mr Johnson taught us German last year.Grandma told me an i
45、nteresting story last night.Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.Would you please pass me the dictionary?He showed the ticket to the conductor.This term I have written three letters to my parents.7.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。8.Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。9.请你给我弄一本新的,好吗?10.我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗?11.新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。My father has bought me a new bike.Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.Will you please get me a new copy?Shall I call you a taxi?The new machine will save you a lot of labour
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