汉译英第五讲精选PPT.ppt

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1、汉译英课件第五讲2023/1/131第1页，此课件共48页哦目目 录录 词语的理解与翻译词语的理解与翻译 1 词的上下文 2 词的形式 3 词的词性 4 词的搭配 5 词的变化 Exercises and Assignments2023/1/132第2页，此课件共48页哦 词语的理解与翻译 翻译中错译的情况常常是由于对词语的词义理解不准确引起的。靠查词典并不能完全解决问题，只有通过上下文的分析，通过对文章总的意思、作者的思路、词的语法特征、词的搭配和词的变化等方面的理解才能确定词义。2023/1/133第3页，此课件共48页哦1 词的上下文词的上下文 英汉两种语言都有一词多多类类、一词多多义义

2、的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意义。一词多义就是说同一个词在同一个词类中，又往往有几个不同的词义。在英汉翻译过程中，我们在弄清原句结构后就要善于选择和确定原句中关键词的词义。2023/1/134第4页，此课件共48页哦如mine/get up 词义的变化：mine:矿井宝库源泉地雷 坑道水雷烟火潜道 getup 的词义引申：起床 式样格式装束 打扮劲头勇气 一般人很难从mine和getup猜出后面几个词义。2023/1/135第5页，此课件共48页哦有的词还出现相反或对立的意思n如 overlook：1）fail to notice；2）look at caref

3、ullyn如 sanction：1）approval；2）punishment 可见在翻译中我们不能凭自己的印象，使用自己熟悉的词义，而应当利用上下文进行分析再确定词义。2023/1/136第6页，此课件共48页哦Examples 1).which will make a more economic use of the wealth of talent，application and industry currently being wasted on certificates，diplomas and degrees that no one wants to know about.使之能比

4、较珍惜学校的人才资源，勤奋刻苦勤奋刻苦的努力。而现在这些人才资源和努力都浪费在无人感兴趣的证书、文凭和学位上。2023/1/137第7页，此课件共48页哦Examples 2）For the first two years，the war was largely 1eft to the soldiers，whose on1y objective was victory without regard for politica1 considerations，because these they did not understand.在战争头两年中，战争主要是交给军人们军人们去负责，因为他们唯一的

5、目标是取胜，不是政治因素，这个他们也不懂。2023/1/138第8页，此课件共48页哦Examples 3）And until recently this hostile towards daydreaming was the most common one，（But now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming，some think it may be a very healthy thing to do）不久前不久前，这种白日做梦的否定态度仍然相当普遍。2023/1/139第9页，此课件共48页哦Examples 4）In t

6、he United States a battle had long raged in military and congressional circles over how much of our defense effort should be al1otted to bombers,how much to missi1es 美国军界和国会长期来一直在激烈地争论争论着，我们的国防力量究竟应该把多少用在轰炸机上，多少用在导弹上。2023/1/1310第10页，此课件共48页哦2 词的形式词的形式 确定一个词的词义，还可以从词的本身语法变化来确定。英语中许多名词，用作可数可数名词时和用作不可数

7、不可数名词时，意思大不相同，2023/1/1311第11页，此课件共48页哦英语中许多名词，用作可数名词时和用作不可数名词时，意思大不相同，如:nagreement（同意an agreement（协定）；npeople（人民）a people（民族）；nhostility（敌意）hosti1ities（战争）；nuse（使用）uses（用途）；nroom（空间）rooms（房间）2023/1/1312第12页，此课件共48页哦conclusion 对名词的可数与不可数形式所隐含的不同意义要引起足够的重视。意思用上去不合适时，要看一看这个名词是可数名词还是不可数名词，有没有其他意思。2023/1

8、/1313第13页，此课件共48页哦Examples 1）The reason？University medical schools can only find places for ha1f of those who apply.为什么？因为大学的医学院只能为申请攻读学位者中的一半人提供名额提供名额。2）No war has ever started with such a victory for one side at the very beginning of the hostilities.从未有一场战争战争在它一开始时一方就取得了如此巨犬的胜利。2023/1/1314第14页，此课件

9、共48页哦Examples 3）There is a definite link between smoking and 1ung cancer.But this doesnt make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company.吸烟肯定与肺癌有关，但这并未使你感刭太不舒服，因为吸烟的人不止你一个。不止你一个。4）Every people in turn adapted itself to the law of necessity.各个民族都相继适应了这条必然的规章。2023/1/1315第15页，此课件共48页哦Example

10、s 5）And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.习惯于习惯于多动脑筋而不是不大肯动脑的人，在进人老龄后要比起一个不积极动脑子的人的认知能力更为健全。2023/1/1316第16页，此课件共48页哦Examples 6）While these underprivileged peop1e receive he1p from the Governme

11、nt,they have no high hopes for their future 这些生活水平低下的人们虽然得到政府的救助，但是他们对未来不抱多大的希望。2023/1/1317第17页，此课件共48页哦3 词的词性词的词性 如同汉语一样，英语中许多词兼有不同的词性。同一个词由于词性不同，意思也有差别。2023/1/1318第18页，此课件共48页哦Examples (can)nWorkers can fish.n1 (把can看成是助动词助动词，)n “工人能够钓鱼钓鱼”；n2 (看成是谓语动词谓语动词)n “工人把鱼制成罐头把鱼制成罐头”2023/1/1319第19页，此课件共48页哦

12、Examples (like)n1.I like the book.n 在主语后是动词“喜欢喜欢”，n2.In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold.n 在谓语后是介词“象象”n “在射入窗内的阳光里，细微的尘埃象象金子般在闪闪发光。”n3.Like knows likes.n 名词“相似的人、物相似的人、物”，n “英雄英雄识英雄英雄。”2023/1/1320第20页，此课件共48页哦Examples )Under the law of competitio

13、n，the employer of thousands is forced into the strictest economies，among which the rates paid to labor figure prominently.在竞争的法则下，上万人的雇主不得不实行一些最严厉的节约措施，其中节约给工人报酬的那部分占占很大一部分。2023/1/1321第21页，此课件共48页哦Examples 2）（Until the World War brought chaos to most of their institutions，）their whole lives were reg

14、ulated，perhaps more than those of any other people save the Spaniards，by a regard for precedent.除除西班牙人，他们的全部生活，或许比共他任何民族的生活都更受到先例的制约。2023/1/1322第22页，此课件共48页哦Examples 3）great lorries with a double deck cargo of cars for export 1umber past Magdalen and the University Church.满载着出口汽车的双层犬型卡车在马稳林学院和大学教堂旁隆

15、隆驶过隆隆驶过。2023/1/1323第23页，此课件共48页哦Examples 4）When a complicated word processor attempts to doub1e as a desktop publishing program or a kitchen appliance comes with half a dozen attachments，the product is bound to be unwieldy and burdensome.如果要将一台复杂的文字处理机兼有兼有台式出版系统的功能，或兼有一台配有六种附件的厨房用具的功能，那么这种产品就必然笨重累赘。

16、2023/1/1324第24页，此课件共48页哦Examples 5）He thought that directly internal confidence in the government declined,her financial structure wou1d be in danger.他认为一旦一旦国内对政府信心下降，它的财政体制就会出现危机。6）Perhaps total destruction is even more attractive than total insecurity and never ending persona1 anxiety.或许统统毁灭的结局要比老

17、是感刽不安和无穷无尽无穷无尽的担忧更吸引人。2023/1/1325第25页，此课件共48页哦4 词的搭配词的搭配 一个词语尽管有许多释义，但是用在特定的句子中，与不同的词搭配，意思只能是一个。因此根据词语的搭配关系，我们往往可以分辨多义词的不同含义，从而选择原文所表达的确切词义。2023/1/1326第26页，此课件共48页哦Examples (last)n1)He is the last man to come.他是最后最后来的。n2)He is the last man to do it.他决不会决不会干那件事。n3)He is the last person for such a job

18、.他是最不配最不配干这个工作。2023/1/1327第27页，此课件共48页哦 Examples (last)n4)He should be the last(man)to blame怎么也不该也不该怪他。n5)He is the last man to consult.根本不宜根本不宜找他商量。n6)This is the last place where I expected to meet you.我怎么也没料到怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。2023/1/1328第28页，此课件共48页哦Examples (take off)n1)To take off her boots or to

19、 put them on was an agony to her,but it had been an agony for years.脱某地或穿鞋对她是一种痛苦，但这已是多年以来的痛苦了。2023/1/1329第29页，此课件共48页哦Examples (take off)n2)An area like size of the Hornets flight deck was marked off on an airstrip and they practiced taking off time after time from this restricted space.在机场上标出了与大黄蜂

20、号甲板一样大小的一块地方，他们（机组人员）一次双一次地练习从这样一块有限的面积上起飞起飞。2023/1/1330第30页，此课件共48页哦Examples (take off)n3)He always sits on the very edge of his chair when he is working as though about to take off.他工作的时候，总是坐在椅子边上，好象随时都会跳起身来跳起身来的样子。2023/1/1331第31页，此课件共48页哦Examples (take off)n4)Their first major design was a pleate

21、d denim jean with external pockets dubbed“baggies”that took off in high schools and colleges and soon was imitated by other apparel manufacturers.n他们的头一项重要设计是一种打褶的、缝上明袋的兰色斜线纹粗布裤，这种裤子人们称为“袋子”，在中学和大学中首先流行首先流行，接着别的服装商店也都很快仿制起来。2023/1/1332第32页，此课件共48页哦Examples (interview)Unhappi1y，this p1entiful genera1

22、 1iterature about interviewing pays litt1e attention to the journa1istic interview 不幸的是，诈多大量有关面谈的一般性文献较少涉及新闻采访采访这一领域。2023/1/1333第33页，此课件共48页哦Examples (new schoo1)“In short,”a leader of the new schoo1 contends，“the scientific revo1ution，as we ca11 it，was 1argely the improvement and invention and use

23、of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions。”新学派新学派的一位领导人坚持说：“简而言之，我们称谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。”2023/1/1334第34页，此课件共48页哦5 词的变化词的变化 英语写作中在表达同一意思时，不经常使用简单的单词重复方法，而是用同义词、近义词或上义概括词来代。如果不注意到这种修辞变化手段，而错把它们当作两个没有任何语义关系的词或词组，就会造成误译。因此了解英语写作

24、中为追求用词变化而运用的修辞手段，有助于准确理解词义。2023/1/1335第35页，此课件共48页哦Examples 1）There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.方法论是指专门用于一般历史研究历史研究的概念，还是指适合于历史研究中各个具体领域的研究手段，

25、意见并不一致。2023/1/1336第36页，此课件共48页哦Examples 2）The Second world War in some ways gave birth to 1ess novelty and genius than the FirstIt was，of course，a greater cataclysm，fought over a wider area，and a1tered the social and politica1 contour of the world at least as radically as its predecessor.第二次世界大战在某些方

26、面来说，不像第一次大战那样产生了诸多新奇事物和天才。诚然它是一场更大的灾难，战事蔓延到更广阔的地区，改变了世界的社会和政治的轮廓，至少激烈程度不亚于第一次大战第一次大战，或许更为激烈。2023/1/1337第37页，此课件共48页哦Examples 3）It is necessary to consider the amount of credit granted；interest rates，which may vary slightly；the number and range of outlets，though most cards cover major garages，hote1s，

27、restaurants and department stores。有必要考虑信用卡赊账的限额、利率（可能有些高低）、接受的商家商家有多少及使用范围，虽然大多数信用卡在大加油站、旅馆、饭店和百货商店均可使用。2023/1/1338第38页，此课件共48页哦Examples 4）The torpedo bombers skimmed low，launching their missiles from just fifty feet off the calm surface of the water.Once these torpedoes hit the water，they drive alo

28、ng under their own power and struck our ship below the water-line a most devastating blow.鱼雷轰炸机低低掠过，在距乎静的水面仅五十英尺的高度发射鱼雷鱼雷。这些鱼雷鱼雷一旦进入水中就靠自身动力向前推进，袭击我舰吃水线以下的部位这是最可怕的打击。2023/1/1339第39页，此课件共48页哦Examples 5）These，as 1ong as the sun was above the horizon，intercepted much of the light and color；but when the

29、 great luminary has passed away from our direct vision，its light shines more directly on the under sides of a11 the clouds and air strata of different densities.原先只要太阳还在地平线上，云雾就截住不少阳光和色彩，但现在太阳太阳从我们的视野中消失了，阳光便更为直接地照射到密度不同的云层和大气层的底部。2023/1/1340第40页，此课件共48页哦 Exercises and Assignments 一、译下例各句子，注意根据在句中的词

30、类词类来确定它的词义：1.It is not right for children to sit up late.2.The plane was right above our heads.3.In the negative,right and left,and black and white are reversed.She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery.2023/1/1341第41页，此课件共48页哦Answersn、孩子们睡得晚不好不好。（形容词）n、飞机正好正好在我们头上面。（副词）n、照片

31、底片上，左右右黑白与正片恰好相反。（名词）n、她尽力为她丈夫被控抢劫申冤申冤。（动词）2023/1/1342第42页，此课件共48页哦Exercises and Assignmentsn二、译下例各句，根据上下及搭配搭配关系来确定斜体词的词义：n1.If the stove isnt made up,it will go out.n2.There isnt any girl called Clementine.Hes just made her up.n3.Half the roads in the region are still to be made up.n4.Society is ma

32、de up of people with widely differing abilities.5.It took Laurence Olive more than an hour to make up for the part of“Othello”.n6.They make up a bed on the sofa for the unexpected visitor.n7.We have to drive fast to make up the hour we lost in Boston.2023/1/1343第43页，此课件共48页哦Answersn、如不添煤添煤，炉子就会熄灭。n、

33、根本没有个叫克莱门蒂的姑娘，全是他捏造捏造出来的。n、这地区的路面有一半还没有修好修好。n、社会是由具有迥然不同的能力的人组成组成的。n、扮演“奥赛罗”这个角色，劳伦斯奥利佛花了一个多小时化装化装。n、他们把沙发收拾一下收拾一下让这位不速之客睡。n、人们不得不加快车速，以弥补弥补在波士顿所耽误的时间。2023/1/1344第44页，此课件共48页哦Exercises and Assignmentsn1.The foreign trade has risen to unprecedented figures.n2.Dr.Eliot was one of the most revered figu

34、res in the world of learning.n3.On the desk there was a bronze figure of Plato.n4.He saw dim figures moving towards him.n5.June was good at figure skating.2023/1/1345第45页，此课件共48页哦Answersn、对外贸易的数字数字有了空前的增涨。n、埃利奥特博士是学术界最受尊敬的人物人物之一。n、书桌上有一尊柏拉图的铜像像。n、他隐隐约约看见一些人影人影在向他跟前移动。n、琼善于花样花式花样花式滑冰。2023/1/1346第46页，

35、此课件共48页哦n Exercises and Assignments nWinners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be:rather,they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance,maintaining pretence,and manipulating others.They are aware that there is a difference bet

36、ween being loving and acting loving,between being stupid and acting stupid,between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable.Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.nWinners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge.They can separate facts from opinions and dont pre

37、tend to have all the answers.They listen to others,evaluate what they say,but come to their own conclusions.Although winners can adore and respect other people,they are not totally defined,demolished,bound,or awed by them.nWinners do not play“helpless”,nor do they play the blaming game.Instead,they

38、assume responsibility for their own lives.(Brand 8 C-E 2002)2023/1/1347第47页，此课件共48页哦 参考译文参考译文n 成功者不会毕生致力于这样一种概念：即想象自己应该成为何种人。相反，他们即他们自己。因此，他们不会费神去装腔作势，故作姿态，摆布他人。他们明白：爱与装爱，傻与装傻，知与装知、真正博学与假装博学之间是有区别的。成功者无须躲在面具后面。n 成功者敢于独立思考，敢于运用自己的知识。他们能够把事实从纷繁的意见中剥离出来，而又不会假装无所不知。他们倾听他人的意见，品评他人的言论，却能得出自己的结论。虽然胜利者也钦佩他人，尊敬他人，但是，他们不会完全被他人所规定、所摧垮、所束缚，所吓倒。n 成功者不会假装无助，也不会怨天尤人，相反，他们承担起自己生命的责任。2023/1/1348第48页，此课件共48页哦