中考英语名词专项讲义及练习.doc

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1、中考语法专题一：名词中考语法专题一：名词一、名词的分类类 别意 义例 词专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称Jim, China, Qingdao, the UK, the Great Wall普通名词个体名词表示单个人的人或事物girl, student, factory, desk, cat , country集合 名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称people, police, team, clothes, group, crew物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质water, ice, pork, cheese, cotton, broccoli抽象名词表示抽象概念的

2、词healthy, happiness, love, care, fun, courage,注：1. 专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必 须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。2. 有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”，但它不大写。3. 有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词。Eg:beer -a beer 一杯啤酒，work- a work 工厂，著作glass-a glass 一个玻璃杯room空间-a room一个房间2、 名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前 加 “a或an

3、”；复数形式是在名词后加 “-s或-es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化及其读音可依照下表：当名词为：词尾变化读 音例 词一般情况加s在清辅音后读/s/chips, jeeps, pats , clocks在浊辅音或元音后读/z/boys, sharpeners,sofas, drawers 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词加es/iz/watches, boxes,classes, brushes 以字母o结尾的单词加s或es/z/zoos, photos, tomatoes, potatoes, heroes, bamboos以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去y 变i加es/z/

4、dictionaries,strawberries, 以f 或fe结尾的单词去f或fe 变v 加 es/vz/leaves, wives,halves 以th结尾的词加s/z/;/z/mouths, paths;months, deaths 2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母Eg：man-men, womanwomen, toothteeth, footfeet, goosegeese, mouse-mice单复数同形Eg：Chinese -Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep,由man 和woman构成的合成词, 每个名词都

5、要变复数Eg：a man doctor men doctors, a woman teacher-women teachers注意: 有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式Eg：clothes, glasses, shorts, scissors, etc有些名词从形式上看是复数,实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数).Eg：maths, physics, politics, news3. 不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。4. 他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于 不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊

6、用法:(1) 同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。Eg：food食物- foods 各种食物 time 时间 - times 时代 green 绿色 -greens 青菜(2) 有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物Eg：hope -hopes 希望 hardship - hardships 艰苦(3) 物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示Eg：a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice,三、名词的所有格名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式, 一种是在名词后+s；另一种是用of, 表示 “的”。1.(

7、1) 一般词的所有格, 直接在词尾 +s.Eg: Mr. Motts robot, childrens clothes(2) 以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾 +Eg: teachers books(3) 两人共有的物体, 则在第二个名词后+s; 如果分别是两人所有, 则在每个名词后面 +s.Eg: Lucy and Lilys room. (指两人共住一个房间)Mrs Greens and Mrs Browns son. (指两人各自的儿子)(4) 表示某具体场所时, 所有格后面的名词可省略Eg: the doctors (office) Mr. Whites2.(1) 没有生命的事物一般用of

8、 短语来表示所属关系。Eg: the wall of the classroom，a picture of the bedroom，(2) 名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用of短语表示。Eg: a long story of a 50-year-old man(3) 双重所有格Eg: a friend of his, the big nose of Toms(4) 有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词， 也可以加s来构成所有格。Eg:ten minutes walk, todays newspaper练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！( ) 1 She was very h

9、appy. She in the maths test.A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake( ) 2 We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. Potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe( )3 They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stori

10、es ( ) 4 He gave us_ on how to keep fit.A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice( ) 5 -Would you like_tea?-No, thanks. I have drunk two_.A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges( )6 -How many _ have you got on your farm

11、?-Ive got five.A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken( ) 7 This table is made of_.A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass( ) 8 Tables are made of_.A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods( ) 9 Lets meet at 7: 30 outside the gate of_A. the Peoples Park B. the Peoples Park C. the People Park D

12、. Peoples Park( ) 10 If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller_.A. set B. one C. piece D. pair( ) 11 There are sixty-seven_ in our school.A. womens teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher( ) 12 They write most of their_ in English.A. business letter B. business letters C. bus

13、inesses D. businesses letters( ) 13. September 10th is_in China.A. Teachers Day B. TeachersDay C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day( ) 14 The football under the bed is_.A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucys( ) 15 In a few_ time, those mountains will be covered with trees.

14、 A. year B. years C. years D. years( ) 16 _ face to the south.A. Windows of the room B. The windows of the room C. The rooms windows D. The windows in room( ) 17 Mr Gao is a teacher. He works in a new_.A. shop B. school C. factory D. hospital( ) 18 Which of the following is right?A. China has a larg

15、e population. B. China has much population.C. China has many populations. D. China has a great deal of population.( ) 19 If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller_.A. set B. one C. piece D. pair( ) 20 Children should make_ for old people in a bus.A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room初三英语语法总复习 名词

16、一、 名词的定义名词是表示人、事物、地点、或抽象概念的名称的词。二、 可数名词1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式2、可数名词前可直接加数词表示数量。如：3 apples，_3、可以修饰可数名词的词有：some, any, _4、可数名词复数形式的构成1）规则复数形式的构成* _* _* _ *_ *_ 2 ) 不规则复数形式的构成 * 单、复数不同形 如_ * 单、复数同形 如_* 合成名词，只需将其主体名词变为复数形式 如_* 由man 和woman构成的合成名词，全都变成复数 如_ * 在姓氏后面加s，表示“一家” 如_写出下列名词的复数形式basket_ hour_ magazine_ ca

17、t_coach_ box_ class_ dish_boy_ holiday _ activity_ hobby_knife_ leaf_ wife_ wolf_ kilo_ radio_ zoo _ video_potato_ tomato_ hero_Indian_ gentleman_ man doctor_ mouse_class_ piano_ shelf_ child_tree_ leaf_ Japanese_ foot_wish_ woman_ sheep_ scarf_family_ tomato_ watch_ key_photo_ school_ dictionary_ f

18、ox_man driver_ American_ German_ knife_baby_ nurse_ half_ way_fox_ potato_ tooth_ monkey_inch_ Frenchman_ apple tree_ hero_ 三、 不可数名词 1、不可数名词只有单数形式。在不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an，不可数名词后不能加s。 2、不可数名词在表示数量时用 基数词+量词+of+不可数名词，其中量词是可数名词，有单、复数变化。如：_注：可数名词在表示数量时也可以用 基数词+量词+of+可数名词的形式。如_要注意的是：_ 3、可以修饰不可数名词的词有:_ 4、(了解即可)有些

19、词既可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。如 _ 翻译下列词组 一些饮料_ 很多建议_ 一些钱_ 很多酒_ 一杯茶_ 两杯牛奶_ 一袋小麦_ 两碗米饭 _ 三盘肉_ .四篮苹果_ 一群孩子_ 十所综合性大学 _五个家庭妇女_ 两张红纸_ 六箱水果_ 四、名词的所有格 名词中表示所有关系的形式叫名词的所有格，所有格的构成有以下几种： 1、表示有生命的东西的名词的所有格一般在名词后加 s. 如：_ * 以 -s 或 es结尾的复数名词的所有格在名词复数后加 如：_ * 不以 -s结尾的复数名词的所有格加 s 如: _ * 如果一样东西为两人共有，则在后一个名词后面加 s，如果不是两人共有，则两个名词

20、后面都要加 s 如：_(共有) _(不共有) * 在表示“店铺”、 “某人家” 的名词的所有格后面，一般省略它所修饰的名词。如： _ * 有些指时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命名词也可加 s 表示所有格。如 _ 2、表示无生命的东西的名词的所有格一般与 of 构成词组，注意其语序和中文的语序相反。如：_ 3、当冠词、数词、不定代词、指示代词等与所有格名词同时修饰一个名词时，用of 词组+所有格/名词性物主代词的形式来表示所有关系，如： _翻译下列词组张老师的报告_ Tom的背包_ 学生们的新校服_ 教师节_ 孩子们的生日_ 玛丽和安的卧室 _ 周杰伦和孙楠的歌_ 在我舅舅家_ 在理发店_ 半小时

21、的谈话_ 昨天的报纸_ 房间的窗户_ 书桌的主人_ 动物园的地址_ 他姐姐的两个儿子_ 我堂弟的指导老师_ 他的狗的名字 _ 中考链接：1Nick needs to buy a _. He wants to take some photos. A. watch B. camera C. dictionary D. brush2. Could you give me some _ ? Why dont you join an English club and do more practice? A. interest B. advice C. voice 3 Where are you goin

22、g, Mike? Im going to the _ to borrow some books. A. hospital B. library C. supermarket D. post office 4. We all know that June 1st is _. A. the Childrens Day B. Childrens Day C. the Childrens day D. Childrens day 5 What does Tina look like? Shes a tall _ with long hair. A. people B. children C. wome

23、n D. kid 6We have bought two _ for the coming party. A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple7. Tom is looking at the _ to find where Wuyi Mountain is. A. picture B. map C. card D. blackboard 8. Im too thirsty. Bring me some _, please. A. rice B. water C. bread D. medici

24、ne 9 Could you tell me where I can buy some shampoo? Sure. There is a _ on the Center Street. A. caf B. drugstore C. bank. 10. The boy has to speak to his grandpa in a loud voice. Something is wrong with his grandpas_. A. ears B. nose C. mouth 11. Brian is so kind that he often gives me a _ when Im

25、in trouble. A. reply B. seat C. hand D. reason12. I want to go to a different places, but I dont know the _. A map is helpful, I think A. price B. way C. time D. ticket 13. Hows Joys skirt? Her skirt is more beautiful than _. A. her sisters and Kate B. her sister and Kate C. her sister and Kates D.

26、her sisters and Kates14. At the foot of the hill you could hear nothing but the _of running water.A. shout B. noise c. voice D. sound15 The teacher said we needed to choose three _for theschool concert. A. farmers B. doctors C. drivers D. singers1. We took some _ (photo) before we left school. 2. Th

27、e _ (season) of the year in Quanzhou and Taiwan are nearly the same.3. As you know, October comes after_. 4. So far we have sent up 100 man-made _ into space. 5. Do you want to go to a m_? Yes, I do. I want to see a comedy. 6. Id like to buy a sweater. What c_ do you have? We have red, green and yel

28、low. 7. There are sixty_ in an hour. 8. March 8th is _Day. 9. Im in trouble now. Could you please give me a _? 10. In a week, we have English lessons every day except W_. 11 Mr. Zhang and Mr. Lin live next door to us. They are our n_.12. My uncle is a worker. He works in a _13. There is some _ ( 水) in the bottle. 14. They wanted to remind us that we should protect the _ (环境) by showing us the beauty of nature. 15.Students should pay enough attention to their _（发音）when they speak Engish.