(南京)小学代词郭娜.doc

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1、精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义学员编号： 年 级：小六 课 时 数：3学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 授课类型C人称代词和物主代词C 指示代词、不定代词T能力提升授课日期及时段教学内容小朋友，你一定很喜欢看动画片吧？那么，下面图片中的你都认识吗？Do you know them？ Who is he？ He is Conan Edogawa. Who is she？ She is Sakura Momoko. Who is it? Its Doraemon. Who are they？ They are pleasant goat, slow goat, lazy goat, pretty

2、goat. 批注：通过四幅图片让学生关注本节课所要学习的代词，分别是he, she,it, they,接下来引入本节课的主题。 一、专题精讲 人称代词知识点1：概念及分类概念：人称代词是表示“我、你、他”等人称的代词，它有单复数、性别、以及主格和宾格的变化。分类：人称代词有主格和宾格之分（见下列表格）。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数主格I(我)you (你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)they (他们,她们,它们)宾格me(我)you (你)him(他)her(她)it(它)us(我们)you(你们)them (他们,她们

3、,它们)知识点2：人称代词的用法：1）一般情况下，人称代词的主格作主语，放在句子的开头。如：I am a teacher. 我是一名教师。（I是主语） You are 10 years old. 你10岁了。（You 是主语） He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。（He是主语） It is hot today. 今天天气热。（It是主语）2). 宾格作宾语A. 宾格放在动词后 如：let, like, help,give,ask等的后面；如：Lets go.=Let us go. 让我们走吧。(us作宾语 lets =let us) Can you help me？你能帮我吗？（m

4、e是宾语）B. 宾格放在介词后 如：for, to, of,at等的后面。如：The cake is for her.这个蛋糕是给她的。（her是宾语）C. 在简短对话或口语中，当人称代词单独使用或用在not后，多用宾格。如：-I like English. -Me too. -Who broke the window? -Me. (这里me= Its me.) Why not me? (为什么不是我？)-Who is that？ -Its me. 是谁啊？是我。3）人称代词在than后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如： He is older than me.= He is

5、older than I. 他比我大。4）当几个人称代词并列使用时，格的形式应保持一致。人称代词的次序是：两个人称时是我在后，其他人称在前，用数字表示就是2/3 1；但是这两个人称是复数时，复数we放在第一位，they放在最后。 总结：你在前，我在后；我们在前，他们在后！（即三个人称并列使用时，单数是231，复数是123.）如下表单数you/he and Iyou and heyou, he, and I复数we and you/theyyou and theywe, you and they例1：-Could you help _ ,please？-OK. A. I B. my C. me

6、D. she解析：根据题意“你能帮助我吗”因为help是动词，故用人称代词的宾格形式只有C答案me是宾格。故答案选C。答案：C例2：Yaoming is my favourite basketball player. I like_very much. A.he B.him C.his D.her解析：根据题意“姚明是我最喜欢的球员，我非常喜欢他”，like 是动词，后应跟人称代词宾格，姚明是男性，故用him.答案：B 例3：I have a sister,look at_. _is sitting under the tree.(she) （用括号里单词的正确形式填空）解析：根据题意“我有一

7、个妹妹，看她，她正在跳舞”，at 是 介词，后应跟人称代词宾格，故填her,“她正在跳舞”中“她”做主语，应用人称代词主格she.答案：her, She例4：Most of _like Chinese food.A. they B. their C. them D. theirs解析：介词后面用宾格，所以应选择C。答案：C例5: Myuncleboughtanewbikefor_.A.theirsB.theyC.meD.I解析：介词后面用宾格，所以应选择C。答案：C例6:_willgo to visit history museum on next Sunday.A.She,youandIB.

8、You,sheandIC.I,youandsheD.Her,meandyou解析：单数you放在第一位，I放在最后答案：B例7:_will go camping on Sunday. A.They,youandweB.You,theyandweC.We,youandtheyD.They,we andyou解析：复数we放在第一位，they放在最后。答案：C例8:He is younger than .(我) （用适当形式填空）解析：人称代词在than后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。所以这里答案I , me都可以。答案：I/ me知识点3：It的特殊用法1一般情况下，it表示人以

9、外的动物和东西，是单数名词的代词，译为“它”。Where is your car？It is over there. 你的小汽车在哪儿？（它）在那边。2但在表示天气、时间、距离等时，用it来代替，此时的it，并不译为“它”。1）指天气:It is sunny today. 今天阳光灿烂。2）指气候或温度:Its cold in this room. 这个房间很冷。3）指时间:What time is it？Its six thirty. 几点了？六点半了。4）指距离:How far is it from here to the park？ 从这儿到公园有多远？Its about two mil

10、es. 大约是二英里。3“ it ” 在情景对话中有时也可指人，表示不确定是谁的情况。 如：Its me. Open the door, please.4.在一些常用句型中也会出现it的用法，如Its time to have dinner. =Its time for dinner.例1：翻译：1) 现在是12点整。 is now.解析：用it 做主语代指时间，所以答案为It is 12:00 oclock now.答案：It 12 oclock 2) 今天天气很晴朗。 is very today.解析：用it代指天气，所以应为It is very sunny today.答案：It sun

11、ny 3) 今天太热了，让我们去游泳吧。 very today. Let go swimming.解析：用it代指气候或温度，所以应为It is very hot today.答案：It is hot us4)从你家到学校多远？How is your home school?解析：用it代指距离，所以此句应为How far is it from your home to school?答案： far it from to 例2：单选1） -Who is knocking at the door? - , mum. Open the door, please. A. Its me B.I am

12、C. This is me D. I 解析：在情景对话中有时也可指人,根据句意可知答案是A。答案：A2）What time is now? is 12:00 now.A. it, It B.it, Its C.its, It D.its, Its解析：用it指代时间，所以两个空都应该填it。所以选择A。答案：A3) is very sunny today. Lets go camping.A. It B.Its C.Now D.Its解析：用it指代天气，所以应该填it。所以选择A。答案：A物主代词知识点1：概念及分类概念：表示某人或某物属于某人所有的代词叫做物主代词。分类：形容词性物主代词和

13、名词性物主代词。见下表： 类别人称 数数单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs知识点2：用法：1） 区别形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词。形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词，表示是属于谁的东西。如：I love my country. 我热爱我的国家。 Your bike is nice. 你的自行车好看。 They are their books. 它们是他们的书。名词性物

14、主代词的作用相当于名词如：This is my book. Yours is over there. 这是我的书，你的在那边。 Those apples are hers. 那些苹果是她的。2） 联系和转换名词性物主代词(mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs）则相当于其对应的形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。即：名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词如：Is this your book? No, it isnt，its hers(her book) /Jims /Toms/Marias This is her book. = This book is

15、 hers.知识点3：物主代词和比较级的连用如：My ruler is longer than yours. 我的尺子比你的长，这里尤其要注意than后面的代词的形式，为了保持前后比较对象一致，所以后面要用名词性物主代词。批注：比较对象一致，这一点学生最容易忽视。大部分学生喜欢用人称代词。所以这一点需要和学生明确强调。知识点4:特殊用法1）物主代词前不能有this,that,some,a,an,the等词修饰，如不能说the my right hand.2）名词性物主代词指代的事物是单数还是复数，要根据题意来分析。如These books arent ours. Ours are new.(这

16、里ours=our books)例1：This is _book. _is over there. A.hers;my B.her;my C.hers;mine D.her;mine解析：形容词性物主代词后面必须加名词，名词性物主代词后一定不能加名词，故答案选D，这里mine=my book.答案：D 例2：She is a student. _ name is Julia. A. its B. her C. hers D. His解析：形容词性物主代词后面必须加名词，故答案选B。答案：B例3：My school bag is bigger than . A.her B. she C.hers

17、 D.shes解析：前后比较对象要一致，所以后面应该用名词性物主代词。故答案选C。答案：C例4：His presents are more than . A. mine B.my C.I D. me解析：前后比较对象要一致，所以后面应该用名词性物主代词。故答案选A。答案：A例5:Their classroom is cleaner than . A.my B. us C.ours D.our解析：前后比较对象要一致，所以后面应该用名词性物主代词。故答案选C。答案：C例6:This is not our room. Ours over there. A. is B.are C.am D.were

18、解析：此处ours=our room,所以是单数概念，所以后面be动词应该用单数形式，又因为是第三人称单数，所以应该选择is。答案：A例7:用代词的适当形式填空1 There is a letter for_ (she) mother. 2That is _ (she ) coat. The coat is red.3._(them) parents are teachers in the No.6 Middle School. 4.These books are _(we).5.That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is ver

19、y big.( I )解析：形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中做定语。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词答案：1.her 2.her 3.Their 4.ours 5.my, mine二、专题过关检测题（一）：用括号中的适当形式填空（1） -Arethese_（you）pencils? -Yes,theyare_（our）.（2） Whoseisthispencil? Its_（I）.（3）Ilove_（they）verymuch.（4）Sheis_（I）classmate.（5）MissLioftenlooksafter_（she）brother.（6）Arethese_（th

20、ey）bags？ No,theyarent_（their.Theyare_（we）.答案：(1) your,ours (2)mine (3)them (4)my (5)her (6)their,theirs.ours检测题（二）：根据句意用适当的人称代词、物主代词填空1.Maryworksinabookstore._likes_workverymuch.2.JohnandIareinthesameschool._gotoschooltogether.3.Lucy often helps mother at home.4.His bag is heavier than (me).5.Their

21、books are more than (us).6.Ihavemanyfriends.Someof_aregoodatEnglish.答案：1. She,her 2.We 3.her 4.mine 5.ours 6.them检测题（三）:根据中文提示，用代词的适当形式填空 1. Here is a Christmas present for _（他）.2. That is _（她的）computer. _ （我的） is black.3. Whose calculators are these? _（他们） are （我们的）4. Give _（我）a cup of coffee, plea

22、se.5. _(你们的） eyes are black. _（你们） come from Japan.6. Lucy and Lily are twins. _（他们）are from the USA.7. Give the book to _（我）.8._(他的) chair is blue. _( 我们的) is yellow.9_(我们的) classroom is big._( 你们的) is small.10._(他) often plays basketball after school.答案：1.him 2.her, Mine 3.They, ours 4. me 5.Your,

23、 You 6.They7.me 8.Their, ours 9.Our,Yours 10.He检测题（四）选择填空1.Whosdrawing by the sea?_isCindysbrother.A.ThatB.ItC.HeD.This2._willspendthesummerholidayinHawaii.A.She,youandIB.You,sheandIC.I,youandsheD.Her,meandyou3.Myuncleboughtanewbikefor_.A.theirsB.theyC.meD.I4.Heresapostcardforyou,Jim!Oh,_isfrommyfri

24、end,Mary.A.heB.itC.sheD.its5. -There are a lot of presents under the Christmas tree. -Which is for ？ A.mineB.myC.ID.me6. -Is your house bigger than ? -Yes, it is. A. shesB. sheC. hersD. her7. -Are _ coats yours? -Yes, they are . A. theyB. theseC. thisD. there8. -Is that _ uncle? -No, he isntA. heB.

25、sheC. herD. hers答案：B B C B D C B C三、学法提炼1、专题特点 小学人称代词和物主代词是必考内容之一，也是学生容易犯错的关键之处，通常以选择题，填空题，翻译题等题型来考察。2、 解题方法观察人称代词在句子中的位置，如果是做主语的，就要用主格形式，如果是做动词或介词的宾语的则要用宾格形式。名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的选用，关键看后面是否有名词，有名词选用形容词性物主代词，没有则用名词性物主代词。名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词。3、 注意事项 1）物主代词前不能有this, that，some, a, an，the等词修饰2）注意名词性物主代词在句中指代的事

26、物是单数还是复数。3）注意在两者进行比较时，如需使用物主代词，一定要注意比较对象的一致性。4）名词性物主代词后面千万不能再跟其他任何名词，要独立使用。5）注意人称代词的主格和宾格的区分。 一、专题精讲 知识点1：指示代词概念：分单数（this/that） 和复数（these/those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可作代词。一般用来指第一次出现的人或物，再次出现用it/he/she 代替 this/that；用they 代替these, those。用法1）在介绍别人的时候多使用this, 如：This is my sister. 这是我的妹妹。2）在比较级中多使用that 代指前面提到的那个同类

27、事物，用those 代替前面提到的那些同类事物，如：The weather in summer in Nanjing is hotter than that in Beijing. The people in China are much more than those in England.3）修饰名词时，放在名词前面，用来表示近指（this/these）或远指(that/those)。如：This desk is mine. (近指眼前的桌子) That desk is Toms. (远指那张桌子) 4）this 在电话中指代自己，that 则指代对方。如：-Hello！This is M

28、ary. Is that Jack speaking? 你好！我是玛丽，你是杰克吗？ -Yes, this is Jack speaking. 是的我是Jack.注意这里的回答不能说I am Jack.5）that 一般与可数名词的单数连用，而不与不可数名词连用。但that可单独指代不可数名词。如： that apple() that meat()批注：关于Is that.?的电话用语回答形式：Yes, this is ./Sorry, this is .Hold on,please. 不能说I am.例1：翻译下列词组这个男孩 .那位老师 这些猫 .那些狮子 答案：1.this boy 2.

29、that teacher 3.these cats 4.those lions例2：将下列句子译成英语.那些铅笔是李明的。 .这些红色衣服是你妹妹的吗？ .这是你的车吗？ .答案：1.Those pencils are Li Mings. 2. Are these red clothes your sisters? 3. Is this your car?例3：指示代词填空：1. _ people over there are doctors, and _ people here are teachers.2. I want _ pen, not that pen.3. Hello! _ is

30、 Miss Wang speaking. Who is _? -Oh,_ is Mr. Liu.4. The weather in Nanjing is warmer than _ in Beijing.5. The rivers in China are more beautiful than _ in the USA.答案：1.Those, these 2.this 3.This,that, this 4.that 5.those例4：按要求改写句子1. That is a pencil. (改为复数) _ _ _.2. Those are dogs. (改为单数) _ _ _ _.3.

31、This is a beautiful coat.(改为复数) _ _ _.4.These are Christmas presents.(改为单数) _ _ _ _ _.答案:1.Those are some pencils. 2.That is a dog 3.These are beautiful coats. 4. This is a Christmas present.知识点2：不定代词小学阶段常考的不定代词有some,any,many,much,a lot of与lots of都表示“许多”，区别如下：词用法many修饰或代替可数名词much修饰或代替不可数名词a lot of与l

32、ots of可修饰可数和不可数名词some 与any可修饰或代替可数或不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句和疑问句everyone表示每个人，属于第三人称单数，所以其作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式批注：当说话人期待肯定回答或者有意图鼓励说话人作肯定回答时,some用于疑问句。如： Would you like some apples? 你想吃些苹果吗？any 表示任何意义时，起强调作用，它可以用于肯定句中。如：Any student can answer this question. 任何学生都可以回答这个问题。例1：用some,any填空1). There isnt _ w

33、ater in the bottle. 2). Do you have _ English books? No, I dont have _. 解析：some,any可修饰或代替可数或不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句和疑问句。答案:1)any 2)any,any例2：-Would you like _ milk to drink? - Ok, thanks. A. any B. much C.some D.a lot解析：some,any可修饰或代替可数或不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句和疑问句,但是在这里是一种特殊的问句，Would like

34、提问的句子表示一种委婉的请求，这时候要用some,不用any。答案:C例3:There isnt _ water in the cup.AanyBmanyCsomeDThe解析：some,any可修饰或代替可数或不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句和疑问句。答案:A例4:There is _ milk in the fridge. You neednt buy any.AnoBa lot ofC. a lot D.many解析：这里的milk是不可数名词，可以用no或者a lot of 来修饰，所以排除C、D，根据题意来看，应该是还有很多牛奶，所以选择B。答案:B例5: H

35、e has books about English. A. many B.much C.any D. a lot解析:这是个肯定句，横线后面名词是可数名词的复数形式，所以只能many 来修饰。所以选择A。答案:A例6: -How money do you have? -Only one hundred yuan. A. many B.much C.any D. a lot解析:这是个问句，横线后面money是不可数名词，又是以How开头的问句，结合句意可知所以只能much来修饰。所以选择B。答案:B二、专题过关检测题（一）：单选1. _pens are red. But _pencil is

36、green. A. this, that B. These, that C. That, those D. This, that2. Is_ a panda over there? A. this B. that C. those D. these3.Would you like to drink _ juice, sir? A. one B.some C. any D. that4. -Whos _ speaking? -_ is John. A. this, This B. that, That C. this, That D. that, This5.Would you like tea

37、 or coffee? OK, thanks. A. anyB. manyC. someD. Much答案：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.C 检测题（二）：选择适当的指示代词和不定代词填空1.There are _ people in the room. （a lot of, a lot）2. Could you give me _ paper, please?(many, some) 3. If there isnt _ meat, I will buy _. (some, any) 4. I want to buy _one over there. _one is too big.(that, this)5. _apples are very big, but _apple is very small. (those, that ) 答案：1.a lot of 2.some 3.any,some 4.that, This 5.Those, that三、学法提炼1、专题特点指示代词、不定代词都是小学生容易混淆的语法点，多以单选题，填空题等题型来考察。2、 解题方法先审清楚句意，然后根据题意判断使用哪种