英语级语法重点第二讲动词时态精品文稿.ppt

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1、英语级语法重点第二讲动词时态第1页，本讲稿共33页一般现在时一般现在时be(is,am,arbe(is,am,are)do/doese)do/does现在进行时现在进行时be(is,am be(is,am are)doingare)doing现在完成时现在完成时have/has donehave/has done现在完成进行时现在完成进行时have/has been have/has been doingdoing一般过去时一般过去时was/werewas/werediddid过去进行时过去进行时was/were was/were doingdoing过去完成时过去完成时had donehad

2、 done过去完成进行时过去完成进行时had been doing had been doing 一般将来时一般将来时will/shall will/shall do do 将来进行时将来进行时will/shall will/shall be doing be doing 将来完成时将来完成时will/shall will/shall have donehave done将来完成进行时将来完成进行时will/shall will/shall have been have been doingdoing一般过去将一般过去将来时来时would/shoulwould/should do d do 过

3、去将来进过去将来进行时行时would/shoulwould/should be doingd be doing过去将来完成过去将来完成时时would/should would/should have donehave done过去将来完成进过去将来完成进行时行时would/should would/should have been have been doing doing 第2页，本讲稿共33页v所谓动词时态所谓动词时态,是指谓语动词所表示的动作发生的时间和是指谓语动词所表示的动作发生的时间和状态状态.注意：学注意：学习时态关关键关注关注时间状状语v 动作发生的时间有过去动作发生的时间有过去

4、,现在和将来现在和将来;动作发生的状动作发生的状态有一般性态有一般性,进行性和完成性进行性和完成性.由此构成英语中由此构成英语中1616种不同种不同时态时态,如上表所示如上表所示:v基本时态基本时态5 5种种(红色所示红色所示)掌握时态的用法掌握时态的用法,应从以下几点应从以下几点入手入手:v)谓语构成谓语构成 )时间状语时间状语 )一般用法一般用法v)特殊用法特殊用法 )相关时态的区别相关时态的区别第3页，本讲稿共33页.一般现在时一般现在时v 基本用法：基本用法：一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作,存在的存在的状态或习惯性的动作状态或习惯性的动作.v时

5、间状语时间状语:usually,often,sometimes,every morning,always,:usually,often,sometimes,every morning,always,regularly,now and then,occasionally,seldom,on Sundays,regularly,now and then,occasionally,seldom,on Sundays,at present,nowadays,these days,at the momentat present,nowadays,these days,at the momentv一般用法

6、一般用法:1.:1.经常性或习惯性的动作经常性或习惯性的动作 v I go to work on foot every day.I go to work on foot every day.v We always help each other.We always help each other.v 2.2.现在的特征，状态现在的特征，状态 及能力及能力 He loves sports.He loves sports.v The coat fits you well.The coat fits you well.v 3.3.普遍真理普遍真理,格言警句格言警句 v Light travels f

7、aster than sound.Light travels faster than sound.v Practice makes perfect.Practice makes perfect.v 第4页，本讲稿共33页v特殊用法特殊用法 v1.1.某些表示动作起止的动词某些表示动作起止的动词,可用一般现在时表示一个按计划可用一般现在时表示一个按计划,规定规定,安排要发生的事安排要发生的事.如如begin,be,come,go,leave,sail,begin,be,come,go,leave,sail,start,arrive,return,end,stop,open,take off,cl

8、ose,start,arrive,return,end,stop,open,take off,close,fall,meet,stay,take place,happen fall,meet,stay,take place,happen 等等vEg.Tomorrow is Monday.Eg.Tomorrow is Monday.v When does the plane take off?When does the plane take off?v 2.2.在时间状语从句在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句中条件状语从句或让步状语从句中,用一般现在用一般现在时代替一般将来时时代替一般将

9、来时 vIf it If it rains rains tomorrow,wetomorrow,well put off the sports meeting.ll put off the sports meeting.v I need one more stamp before my collection I need one more stamp before my collection is completedis completed.v Even if he Even if he doesndoesnt comet come this Sunday,I this Sunday,Ill

10、go fishing by ll go fishing by myself.myself.第5页，本讲稿共33页v3.3.特殊句型特殊句型v Here/There comes our teacher.(Here/There comes our teacher.(一般现在时表正在一般现在时表正在发生的动作发生的动作)v vIt is+It is+时间段时间段+since+since.v It is/has been five years since I moved here.It is/has been five years since I moved here.第6页，本讲稿共33页.现在进行

11、时现在进行时:v表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作.v 时间状语时间状语:now,at the moment,these days,nowadays:now,at the moment,these days,nowadays,at present,at present v 一般用法一般用法:1.:1.说话时正发生或正进行的动作说话时正发生或正进行的动作 v I Im giving a lecture.m giving a lecture.v 2.2.现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定正在进行的动作现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定正在进行的动作 v I Im readin

12、g a novel these days.(but I am not m reading a novel these days.(but I am not reading it now.)reading it now.)v 特殊用法特殊用法:v1.1.表示一个最近按计划或安排要进行的动作表示一个最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,限于表限于表 示来去示来去,开始开始,结束结束,离开，离开，到达等瞬间意义的动词到达等瞬间意义的动词第7页，本讲稿共33页v特殊用法特殊用法1 1：WeWere leaving on Friday.re leaving on Friday.v I Ive won a hol

13、iday for two to Florida.I am ve won a holiday for two to Florida.I am taking my mom taking my mom v 2.2.在时间状语从句在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句中条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来正在进行的动作表达将来正在进行的动作v DonDont mention this when you t mention this when you are talkingare talking with him with him.vIf she If she is sleepingis sleep

14、ing,don,dont wake her up.t wake her up.v3.3.现在进行时与现在进行时与always,continually,constantly,always,continually,constantly,all the timeall the time等副词连用表示反复或习惯性的动作等副词连用表示反复或习惯性的动作,含有某种感情色彩含有某种感情色彩,如赞扬如赞扬,遗憾遗憾,讨厌讨厌,不满等不满等.v He is always coming late.(He is always coming late.(不满不满)vYouYoure always thinking o

15、f others.(re always thinking of others.(赞扬赞扬)vHow are you feeling today?(How are you feeling today?(比比How do you feel How do you feel today?today?更为亲切更为亲切)v 第8页，本讲稿共33页一般将来时一般将来时v基本用法基本用法 ：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某段时间内经常的动作与状态或将来某段时间内经常的动作与状态.v时间状语时间状语:tomorrow,next week,from now:tomorrow,n

16、ext week,from now on,in the future,in+on,in the future,in+时间段时间段v一般用法一般用法:1.1.将来的动作或状态将来的动作或状态 vI shall go shopping this afternoon./He I shall go shopping this afternoon./He will be back in a week.will be back in a week.v2.2.将来经常发生的动作将来经常发生的动作vIn a few yearsIn a few years time,most people will time,

17、most people will go to work by cargo to work by car第9页，本讲稿共33页特殊用法特殊用法v.一般将来时可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作一般将来时可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作.veg.Oil will float on water./Crops will die without water.eg.Oil will float on water./Crops will die without water.v Whenever he has time,he will come and see me.Whenever he has time,he w

18、ill come and see me.v其否定式表示其否定式表示“不能不能 没法没法”v The machine won The machine wont work.(t work.(机器没法开动机器没法开动)v This play won This play wont act.(t act.(戏剧没法上演戏剧没法上演)vbe going to do,be to do,will/shall do be going to do,be to do,will/shall do 的区别的区别v前两者都可表示按计划前两者都可表示按计划,安排做某事安排做某事.be to do.be to do 还可表命

19、令还可表命令,意愿意愿或征求对方意见或征求对方意见.Will/shall do.Will/shall do则侧重临时的打算则侧重临时的打算.vAre we to go on with the work?=Shall we Are we to go on with the work?=Shall we?vIf you are to be there on time,If you are to be there on time,(意愿意愿)v-you have left the light on.-you have left the light on.-Oh,sorry.I-Oh,sorry.Il

20、l go and turn it off.(ll go and turn it off.(被告知前无打算被告知前无打算第10页，本讲稿共33页.一般过去时一般过去时v一般用法一般用法:(:(表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内发生的动作或存在的表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态状态.(.(包括习惯性动作包括习惯性动作)v 时间状语时间状语:yesterday,last week,:yesterday,last week,ago,ago,later,in later,in 19801980v I had supper at 6:30.I had supper at 6:30.v I wa

21、sn I wasnt at home last night.t at home last night.v My father often took me to visit my grandpa when he was My father often took me to visit my grandpa when he was alive.alive.v 特殊用法特殊用法:1.1.在时间状语从句在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句中条件状语从句或让步状语从句中过去将来的动作过去将来的动作v He said he would come if he was not busy.He said

22、he would come if he was not busy.v 2.2.有些情况发生的时间不很清楚有些情况发生的时间不很清楚(无明确时间状语无明确时间状语),),但实际是但实际是过去发生的过去发生的.v I was glad to get your letter.I was glad to get your letter.v What did you say?What did you say?vWhat was the final score?What was the final score?第11页，本讲稿共33页.现在完成时现在完成时v表示动作在过去已经完成表示动作在过去已经完成,但

23、对现在仍有影响但对现在仍有影响.v 时间状语时间状语:already,yet,before,just,ever,:already,yet,before,just,ever,lately,recently,often,sometimes,never,once,lately,recently,often,sometimes,never,once,twice,fortwice,for,since,sincev 基本用法基本用法1.1.不带时间状语的现在完成时表示说话之前不带时间状语的现在完成时表示说话之前动作已经完成动作已经完成,而后果和影响至今存在而后果和影响至今存在.vI have seen t

24、he film many times.I have seen the film many times.vThe city has taken on a new look.The city has taken on a new look.v2.2.到现在为止这一时期中发生的情况到现在为止这一时期中发生的情况(可能是多次动作可能是多次动作的总和的总和,也可表示状态和习惯性的动作也可表示状态和习惯性的动作)vHow many pages have covered today?How many pages have covered today?vShe has done a lot of work f

25、or us.She has done a lot of work for us.vHe has been ill for a week.He has been ill for a week.第12页，本讲稿共33页v3.3.表示一直持续到现在的状态表示一直持续到现在的状态v The conference has lasted five days.The conference has lasted five days.v4.4.在时间状语从句在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来某时已经完成的动作从句中表达将来某时已经完成的动作vWhen you When y

26、ou have learnedhave learned English,you will English,you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.find it a bridge to so much knowledge.vWeWell start at six if it ll start at six if it has stoppedhas stopped raining by then.raining by then.第13页，本讲稿共33页v5.特殊句型特殊句型:vIts the first time that have/has

27、done.vIt has been/is+时间段时间段 +since.vThis is the best film that I have ever seen.v6.6.短暂性动词的完成时不与时间段连用短暂性动词的完成时不与时间段连用,如需连用可转如需连用可转化成相应的延续性动词化成相应的延续性动词,v如如diebe dead,leavebe away,come back be diebe dead,leavebe away,come back be back,fall in love with-be in love with,marrybe back,fall in love with-be

28、 in love with,marrybe married to,join be a member of/be inmarried to,join be a member of/be invHe has died.He has died.v第14页，本讲稿共33页一般过去时与现在完成时的区别一般过去时与现在完成时的区别v一般过去时表示在过去某个时间内发生的动作，而现在完一般过去时表示在过去某个时间内发生的动作，而现在完成时讲的是迄今为止的这一段时间的情况，一个影响现状成时讲的是迄今为止的这一段时间的情况，一个影响现状的动作，无论从时间上，后果上和现在联系起来了的动作，无论从时间上，后果上和现在

29、联系起来了v？（？（现在是否在在是否在这里？）里？）v？（？（刚才在才在吗？）？）v（可能找到了）（可能找到了）v（还没没找着）找着）第15页，本讲稿共33页过去进行时过去进行时v表示过去某个时刻或时段正在进行的动作表示过去某个时刻或时段正在进行的动作v时间状语：时间状语：，v ，v ，v ，v v一般用法一般用法：1.1.过去某个时刻或时段正在进行的动作过去某个时刻或时段正在进行的动作vThe teacher came in The teacher came in whenwhen they were talking.they were talking.vHe was reading He

30、was reading whilewhile she was watching TV.she was watching TV.2.2.与与 always,continually,constantly,all the timealways,continually,constantly,all the time等副词等副词连用表示反复或习惯性的动作连用表示反复或习惯性的动作,含有某种感情色彩含有某种感情色彩,如赞扬如赞扬,遗遗憾憾,讨厌讨厌,不满等（同现在进行时）不满等（同现在进行时）第16页，本讲稿共33页.过去完成时过去完成时v用法：用法：过去某时之前业已发生的动作或情况（过去某时之前业已发生

31、的动作或情况（过去的过去）过去的过去）v时间状语：时间状语：before,after,once,until,by then before,after,once,until,by then end of+end of+过去时间过去时间vBy the end of By the end of last yearlast year,they had treated 30,they had treated 30,000 patients.000 patients.vThey had finished all the work They had finished all the work before

32、dusk.before dusk.vWe congratulated them on the success they had We congratulated them on the success they had achieved.achieved.v2.2.表希望表希望,打算的词如打算的词如hope,expect,intend,plan,hope,expect,intend,plan,mean,want,think,supposemean,want,think,suppose可用过去完成时表可用过去完成时表示本打算示本打算/希望做而没做到的事希望做而没做到的事.vI I had hop

33、ed to visit had hoped to visit Mount Tai last summer,but I Mount Tai last summer,but I was toowas too busy.(busy.(也可表达为也可表达为hoped to have visited/hoped to have visited/was hoping to visit)was hoping to visit)第17页，本讲稿共33页v3 3 特殊句型特殊句型:刚一刚一就就vNo sooner had+No sooner had+主语主语 +done than+done than+主语主语+

34、did+didvHardly/Scarcely had+Hardly/Scarcely had+主语主语+done when+done when+主语主语+did.+did.v及某些虚拟语气句式及某些虚拟语气句式.vEg:No sooner had it rained than I went home.Eg:No sooner had it rained than I went home.vHardly/Scarcely had+Mr.White arrived China when Hardly/Scarcely had+Mr.White arrived China when+he+bega

35、n to work.+he+began to work.v注意注意：此句型中先发生的用完成时：此句型中先发生的用完成时,后发生的用一般过去时后发生的用一般过去时v用过去完成时有一个重要前提用过去完成时有一个重要前提,既两个动作发生在不同时间既两个动作发生在不同时间,先发生的用完成时先发生的用完成时,但如果两个动作紧接着发生但如果两个动作紧接着发生,则可都用一般则可都用一般过去时过去时.vAfter we said goodbye to our friends,we left the After we said goodbye to our friends,we left the village

36、.village.vJust before I left America,I sent them a telegram.Just before I left America,I sent them a telegram.第18页，本讲稿共33页.将来完成时将来完成时v表将来某时业已发生的动作表将来某时业已发生的动作.常见状语常见状语by+by+将来时间将来时间.vI shall have finished it before lunch.I shall have finished it before lunch.vWhen we get there,they will have left.Wh

37、en we get there,they will have left.vThe new building will have been completed by the The new building will have been completed by the end of August.end of August.v有时也用来表揣测有时也用来表揣测.vThey will have arrived by now.They will have arrived by now.vWe worked together for a year.He wonWe worked together fo

38、r a year.He wont have t have forgotten meforgotten mev,第19页，本讲稿共33页.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时v表示现在以前这段时间内一直在进行或反复的动作表示现在以前这段时间内一直在进行或反复的动作.(.(可能可能仍在进行，仍在进行，也可能停了一会儿也可能停了一会儿.).)vHow long has it been raining?How long has it been raining?vI Ive been sitting here all afternoon.ve been sitting here all afternoon.vS

39、he has been cycling to work for the last 3 weeks.She has been cycling to work for the last 3 weeks.v一般过去时仅表示在过去某个时间已经发生的动作一般过去时仅表示在过去某个时间已经发生的动作;现现在完成时的动作发生在过去在完成时的动作发生在过去,但对现在有影响但对现在有影响;现在完成进现在完成进行时则是涉及了行时则是涉及了3 3个时间个时间,开始在开始在过去过去,持续到持续到现在现在,并并可能持续到可能持续到将来将来第20页，本讲稿共33页时态一致时态一致v）一般主句和从句时态要基本一致v)如果从

40、句所叙述的为真理或不变的事实，则永远用现在时v。At that time,people did not know that the earth moves.He told me last week that he is eighteen.v3)宾语从句中如主语是现在时，则从句可根据需要使用任何时态ve has said he will come to you anytime.v4)时间和条件状语从句中，在陈述语气中一般将来时和过去将来时要用一般现在时和一般过去时代替vIf you have time tomorrow,you had better have a talk with your b

41、oss about your pay.第21页，本讲稿共33页Exercisesv1.-Oh,dear.I forgot the air tickets.v-You _ something.v A.have left B.are always leaving v C.are leaving D.always leftv2.-I _ so busily recently that I _ no v time to help you with your math.v-Thats OK.I can manage it by myself.vA.have been working;have vB.ha

42、ve worked;hadvC.am working;will have vD.had been working;had had第22页，本讲稿共33页v3.Remember to send me a photo of us next time you _ to me.vA.are writing B.will write C.has written D.writev4.He _ at the meeting,but his heart attack prevented him.vA.will speak B.is going to speakvC.had to speak D.was goi

43、ng to speakv5.-I beg your pardon,but I didnt quite catch you.v-Oh,I _ myself.vA.am talking to B.talked aboutvC.have talked to D.was talking to第23页，本讲稿共33页v6.I_ping-pongquitewell,butIvhaventhadtimetoplaysincetheNewYear.vA.willplayB.haveplayedvC.playedD.playv7.-What_whenIphonedyou?v-I_mywork,andIwante

44、dtogoout.vA.haveyoudone;finishedvB.wereyoudoing;havefinishedvC.didyoudo;hadjustfinishedvD.wereyoudoing;hadjustfinished第24页，本讲稿共33页v8.-Have you finished the report?v-No.I _ it all this week.vA.will do B.had donevC.have done D.have been doingv9.-We _ that you would fix the TV set this week.v-Im sorry.

45、I _ to fix it this week,but Ive been too busy.vA.had expected;had intendedvB.are expecting;had intendedvC.expect;intendvD.expected;intend第25页，本讲稿共33页v10.Theywontbuynewclothesbecausethey_moneytobuyanewhouse.vA.saveB.aresavingvC.havesavedD.weresavingv11.-Iwillcometoattendyourlectureat10:00tomorrow.v-I

46、msorry,bythenmylecturewillhaveendedandI_myguestsinmyoffice.vA.isbeingmetB.willmeetvC.willbemeetingD.willhavemet第26页，本讲稿共33页v12.IknowMr.Brown;we_toeachotherataninternationalconference.vA.areintroducedB.arebeenintroducedvC.wereintroducedD.hadbeenintroducedv13.Dontbothertolookformydictionary-it_someday

47、.vA.turnsupB.hasturnedupvC.willturnupD.isgoingtoturnupv14.Theplane_at7:00pm,soIhavetobeattheairportby6:40atthelatest.vA.hasleftB.wouldleavevC.willhaveleftD.leaves第27页，本讲稿共33页v15.The train _ at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about nine oclock tonight.vA.went B.is going

48、 C.goes D.will be goingv16.I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I _ coffee.vA.prefer B.preferredvC.had preferred D.am preferringv17.I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _ the cloth _ well.vA.have told;washes B.have been told;washesvC.was told;washed D.have been told;is washed第28页，本讲稿共33

49、页v18.-Is Tom still smoking?v-No.By next Saturday he _ for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.vA.will be B.will have gonevC.will have been D.has been goingv19.-Look at the black clouds.It _ soon.v-Sure.If only we _ out.vA.is raining;didnt come vB.is to rain;wont startvC.will rain;havent

50、 started vD.is going to rain;hadnt come第29页，本讲稿共33页v20.When he was alive,the old scientist used to say that knowledge _ from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work.vA.was coming B.had comevC.comes D.would comev21.-Dont forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon.v