写作高级词汇专练.doc

《写作高级词汇专练.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《写作高级词汇专练.doc（23页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、写作讲义一, 简单的自我介绍, 学生状况的了解二, 开始总论 ( 介绍学习方法 )三, 进入写作的总论n 评分标准iDj英语作文网n 四、六级作文在准备和对策上基本一致，因为两者评分标准基本一致(除了字数上的差距：四级120词、六级150词)。英语考试的作文大多可分为：1、正反论证；2、原因现象描述类；3、图表；4、名言谚语。所谓的书信作文，无非就是在这四类的基础上，套用信件的格式而已。 n 评分标准的解释: 这些考区的考官将会在电脑前批阅作文，因此考生们最好使用黑色水笔做答，以保证扫描效果。n 写作考试就好像一次“博弈”。在写作考试中，考生是真正拥有最多信息的人，考官仅仅只能被动地接受你所给

2、的信息。所以，作文中遣词造句时请切记两点：一、“不会说的”处理；二、经典句的应用. 作文只在考核他们的语言表达能力。避免犯错误。n 总体评分1. 找：idea2. 扫：从，写作方法（例，数）3. 感：文字，文法，文体，文笔2分作文Whats happened to your pants?l 形散神更散l 不成句，不分大小写5分作文l 表达方式错误l 详见：最经典的中国英语8分作文l 表达方式贫乏三大法宝1) there be 2) more and more 3) I think（Some people think Other people think I think）11分作文l 表达方式：

3、因为because, in that, for the reason that, because of the fact that, on the basis that, on account of/that, inasmuch as “一些人认为”的基本原理14分作文l 言之无文，行而不远nn 写作的格式有两种：齐头式(full block form)和缩进式(indented form)。采用齐头式，要求所有段落的首行都在左边顶格，段落中间空行。缩进式要求每段首行缩进45个字母。iDj英语作文网第二、 构思简单，少犯错误。 请大家一定记住，（思维。标点，时态一致，单复数，结构。6分原则。写

4、完后的检查） iDj英语作文网n 行文大多可以套用“中心句1、2、3”模式。即每段第一句是topic sentence，改编自该段相对应的提纲，后面的1、2、3是衔接词，每个1、2、3后接分支观点。这种表达，中心突出，层次分明，同时也节省了考生构思结构的麻烦。n 衔接词是文章逻辑关系的体现，所以不妨尽可能多的使用。比如，“起”的过渡词：nowadays, at present, first of all, firstly；“承”的过渡词：second, besides, moreover, furthermore, obviously, in addition, in other words；

5、“转”的过渡词：however, on the other hand, but, instead, conversely；“合”的过渡词：therefore, so, as a result, in short, in brief, in a word, in conclusion。十大闪光点（求求大家）1. 提问法2. 总结法3. “一些人认为”4. 从句：宾语从句、定语从句5. 并列句6. 理由词汇7. 理由段公式8. 路线句型9. 数据的表达10. 结语n 书信的训练n 信件类型：订购信、退货信、投诉信、建议信、道歉信、感谢信、邀请信、咨询信、安排信、通知信、倡议信、求职信和辞职信十三种

6、。? 主考类型：求职信、投诉信、订购信、咨询信、倡议信、建议信和邀请信七种。? 未考类型：求职信、投诉信、订购信和咨询信四种。 特殊要求主要体现在以下两个方面：一是要求信息点覆盖全面。至少应当包含：时间、地点、人物、主要事件（或观点）等。二是突出了语言的准确性、格式和语域。n 五大信函写作策略： 1. 求职信 开头段：表明信息来源，说明写作意图（时间、地点）。主体段：介绍自己相关的工作经历、学习经历，以此证明你能胜任这个职位（人物）。 次要段：表明自己申请这个职位的理由（事情）。结尾段：等待回音，联系方式。2. 投诉信 开头段： 说明与收信人的相关性，点明你写作的意图（人物、关系）。主体段：

7、写明投诉的原因，要展开说明，或者讲具体理由，或者谈问题的具体体现方式（事情）。结束段：表达你希望上述问题得到尽快解决的强烈愿望，并对有关人员做出的努力表示感谢（时间、地点）。 3. 订购信 开头段： 开篇点出写信的目的，定购你要的东西（事情）。 主体段： 详细说明你订购货物的规格、大小、颜色、尺寸等（时间、地点）。 结束段：表示对方回函以便确认（人物）。4. 咨询信开头段： 明确写信的目的，说明写这封信的目的是寻求某信息或帮助（事情）。主体段：询问具体问题，强调所需信息的重要性（时间、地点）。结束段：表达获取信息的强烈愿望，提供联系方式以便收信人与你联系，并对有关人员表示感谢（人物）。批文 2

8、002年1月 Range-finderA Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus.January 12th, 2002Dear Mr. President, 1. As（逻辑问题） one of your university students, I am not very satisfied with our canteen service. This letter is from one of your university students. I am not very satisfie

9、d with our canteen service. 或者使用定语从句：This letter is from one of your university students, who is not very satisfied with the canteen service.1. The first reason is that there are many students coming from other places.（逻辑问题）My first suggestion for the canteen is that it ought to offer dishes of vari

10、ous kinds to students coming from all parts of the nation.2. They may *be not not be accustomed to the local food at the beginning of *the term their university life. 3. So our canteen should provide much more kinds of *food foods (fish, sheep, water, oil, beer, people) for them to choose from.1. Se

11、condly, the price of the food is higher than we can afford（绝对化）.2. I hope the price of some food can be *decreased lowered a little.3. Then we can have a larger choice than before（至今唯一没有问题的一句话）.1. In addition to *above suggestions the suggestions above, I want to reflect that many students will have

12、 lunch after classes（没有具体时间段）have lunch during lunch time (coffee time).2. At that time, the canteen will become too crowded （第二句没有问题的话）.3. So we hope that you can arrange some more seats for students（逻辑问题）. 1. *There These are my suggestions *of (my own) for / on our canteen service.2. I really hop

13、e you can take some measures to make the canteen service better and better （经典的more and more结构）to better our canteen service.3. Thank you very much. （第三句没有问题的话）书信的格式Dear Sir / Madam, To Whom It May Concern Mr what-is-his-name Yours faithfullyDear Mr. / Ms / Mrs. / Miss（全名/名）, . Yours sincerely / tru

14、lyDear Tom, (With) Best wishes, Yours Tommy, Yours (ever) Hai, Love2002年1月 Range-finderA Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus.January 12th, 2002Dear Mr. President, 1. Im very lucky to attend read for Ph.D. / MA / BA / BSc at / pursue higher education at this world-f

15、amous world-renowned university, but Im afraid Im not content at least 2/3 of the students would not be fully satisfied with the canteen service on campus.1. 小跑Firstly, the quality of the dishes should be improved.? 修改稿：Firstly, we could not enjoy dishes of various kinds / suiting different tastes.2

16、. *Undou(b)tedly, there are a lot of delicious 质量好dishes, but all the year, they are the same.? 修改稿：Although there are a lot of delicious dishes, yet we could not see big/substantial change in the menu around the year.3. More and more students are complaining about eating the same food each day.4. 小

17、结So I think the most urgent problem is variety.? 修改稿：The canteen, therefore, ought to offer an even greater variety of foods.1. Secondly, the price is *a bit too中式表达方式 high.? 修改稿：Secondly, we ought to have the right to enjoy dishes suiting different pockets as well.2. Many of us hope that the cantee

18、n can provide us with not only delicious but also *cheaper inexpensive food.1. Finally, the environment is so noisy that we cant enjoy our meals in good mood.2. I suggest that there be some soft music to help us relax.1. *Those These *presented suggestions suggestions presented are not just of my ow

19、n, but also of many other students.2. We hope our *respectable respected president will pay attention to our suggestions.1. *By the way, the canteen workers are very patient and always smiling.2. So I think if our university offers them better conditions, they will offer us better service.Best wishe

20、s,求职信（139）Dear Sir or Madame,I am writing to apply for the position / post / title of part time part-time English teacher you advertised in the newspaper yesterday （时间）. Enclosed with this letter is my personal resume curriculum vitae, which will give you further information about me.I am 24 years o

21、ld （有简历）and I am a quite extrovert （性格）person. I studied English Literature in at Nankai University from 1996 to 2000 and got a degree of bachelor Bachelor. After graduation, I worked in at a high school Anshan Middle School as a an English teacher. There were good comments from my students leaders

22、/ supervisors during my teaching. From For all the above reasons reasons above, I feel sure that I am the right person that you are looking for.Thank you for your consideration of my application letter (/). I am looking forward (to) a an interview at your earliest convenience. I could be contacted a

23、t the number from 6 pm to 10 pm（时间段）. Yours Sincerely,Jason Lee求职信（317）Dear Consul,I am writing to apply for the post of visa clerk at American Consulate General upon my boyfriend (and your interpreter) Peters advise after serious consideration.Confidently speaking, I am well prepared for the demand

24、ing and challenging work in your consulate. During my past 1.5-year service at UA (United Airlines), I adopted myself perfectly to the bilingual working environment and was therefore promoted to the position of CSO (Client Service Officer) prior to annual appraisal, which shall have been substantial

25、ly justified on the ground of my ability to manage a workload within set timeframe under minimum supervision, sound capability as an interpreter and translator, familiarity with visa application assessment (some of our clients need to apply for transit visa), high standards of client service, and ca

26、pacity to play as a team member. My initiative and enthusiasm have been highly appreciated by my colleagues and supervisors in and out of my section.Compared with the working conditions in our office, however, yours are more attractive to ambitious applicants including me to a greater extend. Firstl

27、y, your office kindly offers opportunities of self-development, which shall be beneficial to my study of advanced interpretation course and further training of communicative skills. Secondly, your office applies flextime system, which undoubtedly demonstrates the mutual understanding between manager

28、ial staff and your locally engaged staff. Thirdly, your office enjoys better reputation of openness and integrity, whose clients enjoy the first and foremost place. Fourthly, you provide better package and welfare system. Last but not the least, my friend and former colleagues have successfully veri

29、fied the correctness of my assumptions above.I would like to express my very willingness and eagerness to exert my utmost to the development of your consulate. Your kind consideration of my application shall present me the golden chance to prove myself an asset to you. I will be very much honored to

30、 receive your timely reply at your earliest convenience. Thank you.Yours Sincerely,Julia留学（157）Dear Emma,Sorry I havent written for ages. Ive been so busy over the last year and I never seem to have a minute to myself.Id like to study electrical engineering at university in Australia next year and I

31、 hope you can give me some advice. I think I would prefer Melbourne because I know a few people from my visit last year.This year Im doing math and physics at school and I hope to do well in my exams. However, I really dont know which university to apply to, so could you send me some information abo

32、ut different colleges? Also can you find out what qualifications I need? For instance, as an overseas student, do I have to take an English test?I hope you dont mind doing this for me. It is much better to get this information from someone who lives in the country, so I hope to hear from you soon.Ma

33、ny thanks!Yours,Tom道别(235)Dear All,As you are now aware I am moving to the British Immigration Office. I am not having a farewell bash, but I would like to say see ya round nonetheless. I had been planning to say something truly inspirational, something that you would endlessly ponder, something tha

34、t you would discuss at great intellectual length amongst yourselves, something that would remain with you for the rest of your lives and perhaps tell your children and grandchildren. However, greatness seems to have escaped me. So, instead, what I will say is this; what makes the difference between

35、a job and a good job is not only the work you do, but just as importantly, who youre doing it with (so to speak). I consider myself extremely lucky to have been doing it with people who are me mates (read my friends for those not colloquially inducted). I have enjoyed our time doing it together and

36、although, geographically, I am making a vertical movement of only five or six meters, my friendships and experiences in this office are unique and have their own place in my heart.Thanks to you Bernie for your guidance during this time of personal transition. I have been watching and learning. Thank

37、s to Jack and the business staff for your patients with my incessant requests for pronunciation and the ease with which you have made working in the new section.Thank you everyone.Peter回顾到应用文模版1. 问候型Long time no see.2. I havent written to you for ages because Ive been so busy over the last year and

38、I never seem to have a minute to myself.3. Long distance separates no bosom friends.4. Though we have never seen each other, yet I have long heard of you.5. How nice it was to hear from you at last!6. 告知型You will be very glad to hear that7. With great delight I learned that8. To tell a piece of good

39、 news, I have/am doing9. I am writing this letter to tell/inform you that10. I have just received your kind letter regarding第三段1. 客套型Thanks for your precious time.2. Thanks again for your kind help / assistance.3. Thank you in advance.4. 展望型I am looking forward to seeing/meeting you here in Shanghai

40、 China.5. 寄语型Your timely reply to this letter is highly appreciated by all the people concerned.6. I would appreciate it if you contact me as soon as possible.7. I am looking forward to your reply / hearing from you soon.8. Write to me a.s.a.p.9. Remember: I shall always my fingers crossed for you a

41、t any rate.10. Shall you come across any problem, please do not hesitate to let me know.11. Please let me know if I can help you any further.12. I hope this information will help you.13. Please feel free to contact me for more information / further confirmation.14. I trust these suggestions will be

42、of use to you. 对立观点回复到议论文模版例文12000年6月 Range-finder(149)A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET).1.1开篇提问Is it necessary? 总结并另启一段? 修改稿What is your opinion?To which extent do you agree or disagree with 1. 简单句this idea / notion / concept / sugg

43、estion / proposal2. 复杂句it when, as someone put it, the test of written English has already （使负担）posed / placed / put a heavy burden / workload on students / examinees / candidates?1.2语法错误 +一方面On the one hand / On the one side of the coin / For one thing Many people（一些人）, the majority十大闪光点之三“一些人认为”So

44、me无数的numerous/myriad (a myriad of)大量的A great / large / huge / (in)considerable / significant / noticeable number / amount / quantity / portion of对半的almost / nearly / some / close to / approximately half of大多的the (vast / overwhelming) majority of一些/另一些（抽象意义）：some others, majority minoritythink(s)（认为）

45、 so because spoken English is widely （普遍/经常）generally / universally / constantly / frequently used employed in *(the) everyday life.1.3 反问 （强调句型：助，倒，反）If a person language learner who is only / merely good at written English cant （文体不正式：省文/略，口语词汇，只字片语）cannot speak it, 反问how can he communicate with o

46、thers?2.1 赘言，逻辑错误 +另一方面On the other hand / On the other side of the coin / For another, Some people the minority（对应关系工整）? 十大闪光点之三“一些人认为”people公众the public各行各业people from all walks of life / the circle/community/walk of education学生examinees / testees / students特殊人群readers / drivers 支持/反对者followers objectors, dissenters consenters参与者participants / candidates / int