英语单词速记--词根词缀法.doc

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1、三、英语单词构词法 Exampleinternationalizationinternationalizeinternationalist, internationalisminternationalinternationality, internationallyinternationalenationnation-hood, nation-state, nation-widenationally, nationalitynationalnationalize, nationalization, nationalismnationalistnationalisticnationalistic

2、ally1 Prefixes1) dis- (not, the opposite of） disadvantage, dislike, disagree, disappear, disarm, disaster, disastrous, disappoint, disable, disability, discharge, disclose, discount, discourage, discover, discovery, discrepancy, disease, disgrace, disguise, disgust, dishonor, dishonest, dismay, diso

3、rder, dispatch, disperse, displace, displacement, displease, disregard, dissatisfy, distort , distract, disintegrate2) in- (not, in, into） inability, incorrect, incapable, indirect, inhuman, injustice, informal, inside, include, inclusive, income, increase, increasingly, incredible, indefinite, inde

4、pendence, independent, indifferent, indirect, indispensable, individual, indoor, inertia , inevitable, infamous , infinite, inhabit , inhabitant, inherent , inject, inland , inlet , inner, innocent, innumerable , input, inquire, inquiry, insane, insensitive, insert, insight, insist, inspect, inspira

5、tion , inspire, install, installation, installment , instance, instant, instinct, insulate , intense, interior, internal, into, intrinsic, invade, invalid , invaluable , invariably , invasion, invert , investigate, invisible, involve, inward, incomplete, indecisive, inedible, inept, inevitably, infe

6、ction, infirm, injection, innate, insecurity, insider3) im- (not, in, into） impossible, imbalance, immature, immoral, impatient, implicit , impress, impression, import, immigrate, imprison, immerse 4) il- (not） illegal, illiterate, illogical5) ir- (not） irregular, irresponsible, irrespective 6) un-

7、(not） unable, uncover, undo, undoubtedly, undress , uneasy, unemployment , unexpected, unfold , unfortunately, unimportant, unlike, unload, unusual, unaware, unenlightened, unparalleled, unsustainable7) non- (not） nonsmoker, nonexistence, non-cooperation, nonstop, nonmetal, nonresident, nonsense, no

8、nspecialist8) mis- (wrong, wrongly） misjudge, misunderstand, mislead, misspell, misstep, misfortune, misuse, misguided, misinformation9) de- (showing the opposite, to remove, to reduce） deform, deface, demobilize, destruction, deforest, denationalize, depress, depression, devalue, decode, decrease,

9、degenerate , degrade , descend, descendant , descent10) pre- (before, in advance） prefix, pre-historic, precaution, precede , preceding, preclude , predecessor , predict, predominant , preface, prejudice, preliminary, premature , premier , premise , premium , preparation, prepare, prepay, preside ,

10、president, presumably, presume , pretext , prevail, prevent, previous, prewar, prediction, pre-scientific, preconception11) ante-, (before, in advance） anteroom, ante-Christian, antemeridian, anticipate, antique12) fore- (in advance, before, in or at the front） forearm, forehead, foreman, foretell ,

11、 foresee , forefather , foreleg, forerunner , fore , foremost, forecast, forewarn13) ex- (out, out of, former） ex-minister, ex-president, ex-Soviet Union, ex-wife, export, exclude, exclusive, excursion, exhibit, exile , exit, exotic , expand, expansion, expedition , expel , expend , expenditure , ex

12、pense, explode, explosion, explosive, expose, exposition , exposure, express, expression, extend, extension, extensive, exterior, external, extinct, extra, extract 14) post- (later than, after） postgraduate, postwar, postmeridian, postpone, postscript15) sub- (under, below, less important） sub, subj

13、ect, subway, subtitle, subdivide, submarine , sub-zero, submerge, submit, subordinate , subscribe , subsection, subsequent, subsidiary , subsidy , substance, substantial, substitute, subtract, suburb, subconsciously, subtly16) infra- (below in a range, beyond） infrastructure , infrared 17) re- (agai

14、n, back to a former state） react, reaction, recall, recede , receipt, recipient , reclaim , recognize, recognition, record, recorder, recover, recovery, recreation, recur , recycle , redundant , reflect, reflection, reflexion, reform, refrain , refresh, refreshment , refund , refute , reinforce, rej

15、ect, remember, remind, removal, remove, renaissance , renew, repay , repeat, repeatedly, repel , repetition, replace, replacement, reply, report, reporter, represent, representative, repression , reproduce, respect, respond, response, responsibility, responsible, restore, resume, return, reunion , r

16、euse, review, revise, revive, revolt, revolution, revolutionary, revolve, reward18) co-, col-, com-, con-, cor- (with together） co-existence, cooperate, cooperative , co-author, coalition , coherent , coincide , coincidence , collaboration , colleague, collide , collision, collocation, compassion, c

17、ompassionate, concentric, confederation, conjoin, coordinate, correlate, correlation, correspond19) inter- (between, among） international, interchange, interchangeable, interdependent, interpersonal, interview, interact , interaction, intercourse , interface , interfere, interference, Internet, inte

18、rrupt, interval, intervene 20) macro- (large） macroeconomics , macrocosm , macrostructure21) micro- (extremely small） microcomputer, microeconomics , microscope, microphone, microelectronics, microbiologist22) super- (greater or more than） super, supermarket, supersonic , superman, superpower, super

19、natural, supervise , superb, superficial, superintendent , superior, superiority , supreme23) sur- (more than, beyond） surplus, surtax, surface, surpass , surround, survival, survive, suspect24) ultra- (beyond, very, too） ultramodern, ultrasound, ultra-violet 25) auto- (of or by oneself） auto, autoc

20、riticism, autoland, automobile, automation , automatic, autobiography , autonomous , autonomy 26) mal- (bad, badly） malfunction, maltreat , malnutrition , malpractice 27) tele- (at or over a long distance, by or for television） telegram, television, telegraph, telephone, telecommunications , telesco

21、pe, telescreen, teleswitch, televise 28） semi-, hemi- (half） semicircle, semiconductor, semi-colony , semifinal, hemisphere 29） uni-, mono- (one） uniform, unify , union, unique, unit, unite, unity, universe, universal, university, monologue , monoplane, monopoly , monotone, monotonous , carbon monox

22、ide30） bi-, di- (two） biweekly, bicycle, bilateral , billion, bilingual, dialogue, carbon dioxide31） tri- (three） tricycle , triangle, triangular, trilogy , triple, trigonometry 32） quadri-, quadru- (four） quadruple, quadrangle 33） penta- (five） pentagon, Pentagon, Pentium34） hexa- (six） hexagon, he

23、xangular35） sept- (seven） September, Sept-Wolves36） octa- (eight） octagon, octave, octopus, October37） nona- (nine） nonagon, November38） deci-, deca- (ten） decade, decimal39） centi- (hundredth part） centigrade, centimeter, centipede , century40） kilo- (thousand） kilo, kilometer, kilogram(me）, kilowa

24、tt 41） mill- (thousand） millennium , millimeter 42） multi- (many） multipurpose, multinational, multiple, multiply, multitude, multiculturalism43） counter-, anti-, contra- (opposite, against） counteract, counterattack, counterclockwise, counterrevolutionary, antibiotic, antigravity, antimatter, antiw

25、ar, antinuclear, contradict, contradiction, contramissile, contranatural, contrary, contrast, anticonsumerism44） mini- (smallest, short） minibus, miniskirt, minimum, minister, minimize, ministry, minor, minority, minute45） max- (greatest） maximum, maximal , maximize 46） out- (outside, beyond） outdo,

26、 outwit, outlive, outnumber, outdoor, outstanding, outskirts , outward, outcome, outer, outing , outline, outlook, output, outrage , outside47） over- (too much, above, additional） overwork, overuse, overtake, overpass , overthrow , overturn , overall, overdue , overhead, overhear , overlook, oversea

27、s, overtime48） trans- (across, on or to the other side of） transaction , transatlantic, transcend , transfer, transform, transistor , transit , transition , translate, translation, transmission, transmit, transmitter, transparent, transplant, transport, transportation49） under- (too little, below） u

28、nderdeveloped, underdevelopment, underestimate, undergraduate, underground, underlie , underline, undersea, underlying , undermine , underneath, underwear50） neo- (new） neo-Nazism, neolithic 51） be- (cause to be or have） befriend, belittle52） bio- (life） biology, biography , autobiography, antibioti

29、c, biochemistry, biosphere, biomedical53） en- em- (cause to become, put into the stated condition） embody, empower, endanger, enlarge, enrich, encompass, enthrone, entrench 54） extra- (outside, beyond） extracurricular, extraordinary55） mid- (middle） midday, midnight56） poly- (many） polycentric, poly

30、directional, polysyllabic57） pseudo- (not real, false） pseudonym, pseudoscience58） thermo- (heat） thermochemistry, thermometer59） vice- (next in rank below） vice-chairman, vice-president60） aero- (air） aerial , aeroplane, aeronautics, aerospace61） cross- (across, going between the stated things and

31、joining them） cross-country, crossbreed62） intra- (inside, within; into） intracity, intra-department, intranet63） pro- (in favor of, supporting） pro-America, pro-abortion64） self- (by means of oneself or itself, of, to; with, for or in oneself or itself） self-employed, self-taught65） step- (not by b

32、irth but through a parent who has remarried） stepmother, stepchildren66） by-, bye- (less important） by-product, byway67） a-, (on, in; not, without; intensive） aboard, abroad, ahead, ashore, aside, ashamed, awake, aware, abed, aflame; amoral, anarchy, anonymous, asocial, atom, apolitical, acentric; a

33、bide, alike, amaze, arise, arouse, await68） ab-, abs- (the opposite of, away from, off） abnormal, abrupt, absent, abstract, abuse, abortion2. Suffixes Nouns1） ant, -ent applicant, component, servant, student2） er, -or, -ar employer, interviewer, trainer, painter, New Yorker, Northerner, lighter, coo

34、ker, conductor, beggar, arbiter, shipper3） ee absentee, abandonee, employee, interviewee, trainee4） eer engineer, pioneer5） an, -ian, -arian historian, humanitarian, librarian, musician, Canadian6） ese Chinese, Japanese7） ist artist, Marxist, capitalist, creationist, extremist, futurologist, manicur

35、ist, neuroscientist, oncologist, purist8） ism socialism, capitalism, mechanism, ableism, ageism, individualism, collectivism, creationism, optimism, pessimism9） -ability, -ibility ability, flexibility, availability, capability10） age postage, shrinkage, wastage11） al arrival, refusal, revival12） anc

36、e, -enceappearance, reference13） ancy, -encyemergency, expectancy, delinquency14） cyaccuracy, bankruptcy15） domfreedom, kingdom, wisdom16） erybravery, cookery17） essactress, lioness18） ettecigarette, novelette, cassette19） fulhandful, spoonful20） hood childhood, brotherhood, neighborhood21） icsecono

37、mics, electronics, mechanics, physics, mathematics, politics22） ion(-sion, -ssion -ition, -ation） decision, discussion, inflation, translation, action, correction, allegation, connotation, depletion, distortion, elimination, emulation, formulation, immunization, integration, manipulation, radiation,

38、 recitation, vaccination 23） ity, -tyreality, curiosity, purity, security, certainty, cruelty, difficulty, loyalty, poverty, safety, municipality, triviality, affinity, diversity, ingenuity, maturity, mediocrity, mobility, sovereignty, timidity24） mentmovement, agreement, harassment, refinement25） n

39、esscarelessness, greatness, friendliness, weakness, tiredness, inventiveness26） ologyfuturology, geology, biology, musicology, psychology, anthropology, cosmology27） shiphardship, friendship, sportsmanship, editorship28） thbirth, death, breadth, strength, truth29） -ureclosure, exposure Adjectives30）

40、 able, -ibleacceptable, admissible, avoidable, eatable, countable, notable , suitable, variable, accessible, sizable, tangible, negotiable31） aleducational, additional, normal, natural, essential, detrimental, emotional, parental, patriarchal, promotional, spatial, surgical32） an, -arian, -iansuburb

41、an, disciplinarian, Canadian, partisan 33） ant, -entdifferent, resultant34） ary, -oryadvisory, customary, complementary, parliamentary35） ateconsiderate, fortunate, passionate36） engolden, wooden, woolen37） ernnorthern, southern38） eseChinese, Japanese39） freecarefree, troublefree40） fulcareful, pai

42、nful41） ic, -icalatomic, biological, economic, economical, historic, historical, classic, classical, scientific, medical, mechanic, mechanical, hypocritical, strategic, volcanic42） ishselfish, childish, womanish, greenish, reddish, yellowish, Swedish, Danish43） ivecreative, decisive, supportive, ada

43、ptive, competitive, hyperactive, persuasive, pervasive, speculative44） lessuseless, fruitless, boundless, groundless, hopeless, jobless45） likechildlike, ladylike46） ly, y, -rymanly, monthly, hairy, noisy, scary47） ous, ious, -uous, -eousvarious, continuous, courageous, courteous, harmonious48） proo

44、fairproof, bulletproof, fireproof, waterproof49） sometiresome, lonesome, quarrelsome, troublesome, worrisome50） warddownward, homeward51） edpurified, farfetchedVerbs52） endeepen, fasten, lengthen, strengthen, harden, liken, tighten53） ifybeautify, classify, electrify, horrify, identify, modify, simp

45、lify, justify, testify, verify, rectify54） ize, -yze, -ise, -yseanalyze, modernize, industrialize, popularize, specialisation, professionalisation, penalize, urbanize, urbanization, normalize, normalization, politicizeAdverbs55） lyclearly, easily, quickly, ironically, radically56） ward, -wardsinward

46、, outward, upward, downward, homeward, northwards57） -wiseclockwise, otherwise3. Stems1）vis (to see）visible, vision, visual, visit, visitor, advice, supervise, television2）agri (land）agriculture, agronomy 3）ann (year）anniversary, annual, semiannual, centennial4）astro, aster (star）astrology, astronom

47、y, astronaut, astrophysics, disaster, asteroid, astronomer 5）audi (to hear）audience, auditorium , audit , auditor , auditory, audio-visual6）bell (war）rebel, rebellion, rebellious, belligerent7）ced (to go）precede, precedent, unprecedented, exceed, proceed, succeed8）cid, cis (to cut, to kill）decide, d

48、ecision, decisive , concise, suicide, homicide, pesticide 9）claim (to cry, to shout）exclaim, proclaim, acclaim, clamor10）clar (clear）declare, clarify, clarity 11）cord (heart）cordial, concord, discord , accord12）cred (to believe, to trust）credible, incredible, credulous, credit, credential13）dent (tooth）dental, d