虚拟式的两种用法精.ppt

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1、虚拟式的两种用法第1页，本讲稿共18页虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测假设、猜测、怀疑等、怀疑等、怀疑等、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是；一是表示说话人的表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等愿望、要求、命令、建议等愿望、要求、命令、建议等愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟式仅有两个形式：虚拟式仅有两个形式：1、be-型虚拟式（型虚拟式（BE-

2、Subjunctive);2、were-型虚拟式（型虚拟式（WERE-Sub-junctive)。The Subjunctive Mood第2页，本讲稿共18页The Subjunctive Mood:1、be-型虚拟式（型虚拟式（BE-Subjunctive);2、were-型虚拟式（型虚拟式（WERE-Subjunctive)。Exercises:Part Part Part 第3页，本讲稿共18页、be-型虚拟式的主要用法：型虚拟式的主要用法：用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语之后用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语之后的的that-that-分句中。例如：分句中。例如：.He ordered t

3、hat all the .He ordered that all the books books be sentbe sent at once.at once.It is essential that all the .It is essential that all the facts facts be examinedbe examined first.first.The board has given .The board has given instrustions that the agent instrustions that the agent fly fly to to Bos

4、ton.Boston.第4页，本讲稿共18页2 2、用于由用于由 if,though,whatever,lest,if,though,whatever,lest,so long as so long as 等引导的分句中。表示推测让步，等引导的分句中。表示推测让步，防备等含义。例如：防备等含义。例如：If he If he be foundbe found guilty,John shall guilty,John shall have the right of appeal.have the right of appeal.上述用法现在只限于正式书面语体，在非上述用法现在只限于正式书面语体，

5、在非正式语体中通常用动词陈述式或者正式语体中通常用动词陈述式或者shouldshould/may+/may+不定式。例如：不定式。例如：If the rumour If the rumour isis true,every-thing true,every-thing is possible.is possible.第5页，本讲稿共18页3 3、用于某些公式化语句中可表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止、用于某些公式化语句中可表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等意义。例如：等意义。例如：Long live the People s Republic of China!God bless you!（该死的！）（该死的！）He

6、aven damn you!(天理不容！）天理不容！）Devil take him!(混蛋！）混蛋！）So be it!(但愿如此但愿如此/就这样吧。）就这样吧。）第6页，本讲稿共18页、were-were-型虚拟式的主要用法：型虚拟式的主要用法：1.1.常用于由常用于由if,if only,as if,as if,if only,as if,as though,though though,though 引导的条件状语和让步状引导的条件状语和让步状语分句中，表示非真实的条件或让步。例如：语分句中，表示非真实的条件或让步。例如：If I were you,I should wait till n

7、ext week.If it were to rain,the game would be put off.第7页，本讲稿共18页2 2、常用于、常用于wish,would,rather,suppose,wish,would,rather,suppose,imagineimagine之后的之后的that-that-分句中，表示一种臆想的情况。例分句中，表示一种臆想的情况。例如：如：I wish it werewere spring all the year round.I d rather I were not at the site of the accident.上述上述 were-wer

8、e-型虚拟式在第一、三人称单数主语之型虚拟式在第一、三人称单数主语之后可为后可为 was was 所取代。例如：所取代。例如：If it was to rain,the game would be put off.If only I was not so nervous!第8页，本讲稿共18页 但是，在但是，在 if I were you if I were you 这一分句中，通常倾向这一分句中，通常倾向于用于用 were were，而不用，而不用 was was。另外，在某些倒装结构中。另外，在某些倒装结构中只用只用 were,were,不用不用 was was。例如：。例如：Were I

9、 to do it(=If I were to do it),I should rely on you.还有，在还有，在 as it were as it were（作（作 so to speak so to speak 解，解，即即“宛如宛如”、“好比好比”）结构中也只用）结构中也只用were were，不用，不用waswas。例如：例如：He is my best friend,my second self,as it were.第9页，本讲稿共18页 Rewrite the following,using Rewrite the following,using be-subjunctiv

10、e.be-subjunctive.1.She insists on his taking his vacation now.2.I had recommended him to be placed in a more responsible position.She insists that he take his vacation now.I had recommended that he be placed in a more responsible position.第10页，本讲稿共18页3.I suggested his finishing up that pro-ject quic

11、kly.4.I demanded his accompanying me to the hearing(听证会）听证会）.I suggested that he finishing up that project quickly.I demanded that he accompanying me to the hearing.第11页，本讲稿共18页5.The general commanded the soldiers to advance immediately.The general commanded that the soldiers advance immediately.第12

12、页，本讲稿共18页 Put the verbs in brackets into the proper subjunctive Put the verbs in brackets into the proper subjunctive form:form:1.Far (be)it from me to call him a thief.2.If I (be)you,I shouldnt do it.3.He behaves as though he (be)better than us.4.It is essential that he (have)all the facts.5.Whatev

13、er (be)his defense,we cannot tolerate this disloyalty.bewerewerehavebe第13页，本讲稿共18页1.If he had not lost his money,he _ the piano last week.A.would buy B.had bought C.bought D.could have bought2.If we were to be 200 years old,we _ everything.A.will change B.can change C.could change D.changed第14页，本讲稿共

14、18页3.If you _ that film last night,you would not be so sleepy now.A.didnt see B.havent seen C.wouldnt seen D.hadnt seen第15页，本讲稿共18页4.You are late.If you _ a little minutes earlier,you _ him.A.came,would meet B.had come,would have met C.came,would have met D.were to come,would meet第16页，本讲稿共18页5.But for the storm,we _ a pleasant journey.A.should have B.have had C.would have D.should have had 6._ to do the work,I should do it some other day.A.If were I B.I were C.Were I D.Was I第17页，本讲稿共18页第18页，本讲稿共18页