八年级英语下册一至四单元知识点总结.doc

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1、2014新版八年级英语下册半期考试复习第一至第五单元知识点总结Unit 1 Whats the matter? 一、基础知识1. What s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？【解析】matter/ mt(r) /n.问题；事情 What s the matter with you? = Whats the trouble with you? = What s wrong with you? 你怎么了？have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒 have a fever 发烧 have a cough咳嗽have a stomachache胃疼

2、，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼4. much too+ 形容词，意为 太. ，too much+名词，意为 很多，大量 。5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough足够好，enough money=much money8. sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you dont know the truth. It sounds like a good idea.sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice.9. need

3、 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物； need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class. 10. get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车11. agree 同意，赞同； agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea. agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 如：I agree to LiLei.12. trouble问题，麻烦 ；be in trouble遇到麻烦，make trouble 制造麻烦 ，h

4、ave trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth做.有麻烦。 13. right away=right now=at once，意为 马上 。14.【复习】 advice 不可数名词劝告，建议，向征求意见， give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议； advise 动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 advise sb. doing sth.15. 【复习】exercise 练习、锻炼当exercise意为“练习”时，为可数名词 即可加s当exercise意为“锻炼”时

5、，为不可数名词 即不加s16. hurt 及物动词，使疼痛，受伤，He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物动词，（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly.18. hit （用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位； hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。19. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯

6、于、适应了、做某事，强调状态； get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯，逐渐适应”强调过程、动作： Its difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.20. 【复习】free 形容词空闲的free time；免费的the drink is for free；自由的I want to become a free bird. free【动词】使解脱，得到自由：He could not free his arm.21. run out用完，用尽 When his water run o

7、ut, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.物sth. run out. 某物用尽了。 人sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night.22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险 23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性 importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的，

8、decision 【名词】决定；抉择； make a decision 做决定 ;make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 。25. be in the control of 掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control无法控制，无法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中26. 【复习】mind意为 介意 ，mind doing sth. 介意做某事 , Would you mind my opening the wi

9、ndow?27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式，也可不接，如: Never give up easily.Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks一、基本知识点2. cheer (sb.) up（让某人）变得高兴；振奋起来3. give out分发；散发，相当于hand out， give sth. out to sb. 意为把某物分发给某人 。4. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 ，5.

10、 used to do sth.过去/曾经(常)做某事，表示过去的习惯、动作或状态，并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。6. alone 【形容词】独自一人的，无感情色彩：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself. lonely （感到）孤独寂寞的，带有很强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语。The lonely boy is not lonely now.7. care for sb./sth.照顾；照料 care 【名词】小心，关心take care of=look after 【动词】care about sb./sth.关

11、心，在意某人/事 【形容词】careful 仔细的 / careless 粗心的 【副词】carefully 仔细地 8. such “这样的，这种，如此”，用于修饰名词 such+ a/ an+形容词+单数名词：such a good day 多么美好的一天 /such an exciting match 多么 精彩的比赛 such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词：such important decisions 多么重要的建议 such delicious food 多么美味的食物 如果名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时，只能用so，而不用such：so many

12、sick children/ so little time9. try out for参加选拔，争取成为Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year.try out试用，试验10. journey 【名词】（尤指长途）旅行，行程；trip【名词】多指短途旅行；travel【名词、动词】travel around the world 【名词】traveler旅行者11.【复习】be busy with sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 be busy doing sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 12.【复习】try

13、doing sth. 试着去做某事 只是一种尝试 try to do sth. 试着做 尽力去做某事 try ones best (to do sth.) 尽某人最大的努力去做某事 13.【复习】be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人、某事 14. raise money集资，筹钱；raise money for为筹钱 raise【动词】举起；提高；募集15. keep【动词】keep+名词，保留（某物）；keep+形容词，保持16.【形容词】broken破损的，出毛病的；blind瞎的，失明的；deaf聋的；disabl

14、ed有残疾的，丧失能力的；在句中做定语和表语。17. make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为可能，You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. make it +形容词(+for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为； think/find it +形容词to do sth. 18. make a difference to对有影响；对有作用，difference前可以用no, any, some, much等修饰，如19. difficulty【可数/不可数】表

15、示抽象意义的“困难”时为不可数；表示具体的“难题、难事”时为可数；have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 20. train【动词】训练，trained为过去分词，可做定语，意为“受过训练的”a trained dog21. be excited about sth. 对某事感到兴奋 ，Everyone is excited about the good news. 【复习】excited意为 兴奋的，修饰人；exciting意为 令人兴奋/激动的，修饰物。22. order【名词】命令，指示；顺

16、序，次序【动词】订购；点（菜）follow the order。23. change【动词】变化，改变Its hard for a person to change his life(style). 【名词】变化；零钱 change A for B用A换成B：When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB.24. repair 【动词】修理，修补； fix【动词】安装；使固定 【fix up修理=repair】 Unit3 Could you please clean your room?Could you ple

17、ase（not） do sth ?请你（做）.好吗？用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.否定回答： Sorry , I cantCould I do a sth? 我可以做.吗？用于表达请求，语气比较委婉。 Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?2】at least 至少，多指数量或程度上的最低限度。(反) at most 至多，不超过3】fini

18、sh v 结束；完成 finish doing sth 做完某事【注意】enough 修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。 【拓展】take 构成的短语：take a walk 去散步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顾 take off 脱下；起飞take up 占据 take down 拿下 take ones time 不急；慢慢来take ones temperature 量体温7. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over . 我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。【

19、解析1】the minute = as soon as “一. 就.” 【解析2】 in front ofin front of 指在物体外部的前面 There is a bike in front of the classroom.【辨析】 in the front of 指在物体内部的前面 Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom 【注意】有the无the区别大：at table 吃饭；进餐 at the tabel 在桌边 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院（不一定看病）【解析3】come

20、 over 过来 【拓展】 come 短语：come across（偶然）发现 come back 回来 come up with想出 come true实现 come down下来 come from=be from来自,出生于此处删除come in/into进入,进来 come on赶快,加油 come along走吧,过来,快点come and go来来去去 come up上来 come out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来 7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house!你总是看电视，从不帮忙做家务！a

21、ll the time = always 一直；总是 8. Im just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累！【解析】as.as . 和.一样.9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I.一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。【解析】neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 “某人（主语） 也不” neither两者都不neither nor 既不也不,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student10. The ne

22、xt day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy. 第二天，妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语【注】find found found v寻找(1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难 11. She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。【解析】in surprise 惊奇地；吃惊地

23、surprise v 使吃惊surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 surprised adj. 吃惊的to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 be surprised at 对感到吃惊To my surprise_(使我吃惊的是），he got the first prize in the exam.【解析1】need v 需要用于肯定句，是实义动词。(1)人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事(2)物做主语，sth need doing sth= sth need to be done 用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词(1

24、)neednt = dont have to 没有必要(2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用neednt Must I go there now? Yes，you must/No, you neednt【解析2】share 分享；共用 share sth 分享或共用某物share sth with sb. 与某人分享某物13.Could I hang out with my friends after the movie?看完电影后我能和朋友们一起闲逛吗？【解析】hang out 闲逛 hang up 把.悬挂/挂起14. Could you please

25、 pass me the salt?你能把盐递给我吗？【解析】pass v 给；递；走过；通过pass sb.sth 把某物递给某人 v 通过；路过 I pass your home. v 通过（考试） ；及格 Tom can pass his math exam.15. Could I borrow that book?我能借下你那本书看吗、Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些钱吗？【解析】borrow /lend/keep(1)borrow 借入 ,与from 连用，尤指主语“【借进来”】borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物 You c

26、an borrow the book from the library.(2)lend 借出 ,与to 搭配 【指借出去】 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人He doesnt want to lend his book to others. (3)keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】【记】 I want to _borrow_ a bike from my friend but he didnt _lend_ it to me, because Tom had _kept_ it for two days.16. I

27、 cut my finger and Im trying not to get it wet.我的手指割伤了，伤口不能弄湿。【解析】try (not) to do sth努力（不）做某事try v 试图，设法，努力 【拓展】 (1)try on 试穿 (2) try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】 (3) try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】(4)try ones best to do sth= do ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事17. I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做家务。hate to do sth 讨厌做

28、某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。 hate doing sth不愿意做某事 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。 18.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then?那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗？【解析】ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。ask for 请求，要某物 ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事 (1)ask sb. for help 向某人请求帮助 (2) ask sb. (not) to do sth请求某人做某事19.Ill finish my homework while you help me wi

29、th the dishes.当你帮我洗盘子的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。【解析1】finish doing sth 完成某事【解析2】while conj. “在期间； 当的时候”While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词。【解析3】help sb. with sth. 在某事上帮助某人。20. Could I invite my friends to a party? 我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？【解析】invite sb. to Sp. 邀请某人去某地【解析】invite v invitation n邀请(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事(2)in

30、vite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地21.I dont understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home. 我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。【解析】make sb. do sth 让某人做某事make made made v. 做， 制作， 使得(1) make sb/sth + 形容词 “让某人或某物” make you happy (2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh.22.They dont h

31、ave time to study and do housework，too. 他们也没有时间来学习家务和做家务。【解析】have time to do sth.有时间做某事have time =be free 有空23. Housework is a waste of their time. 做家务是在浪费他们的时间。【解析】a waste of 浪费 a waste of time 浪费时间a waste of money 浪费金钱waste time/money on sth waste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱(2) pay pa

32、id paid v 支付，主语是人 sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.(3) cost cost cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事 sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱 A new computer costs me a lot of money. (4)taketook taken v 花费It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.【解析2】in order to “目的是；

33、为了” 后接动词原形。 in order to do sth 为了做某事【解析3】get into =enter 进入【拓展】与get相关的短语：get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服 get dressed穿衣 get into进入 get/be lost丢失 get off/on下/上车get on well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of从出来 get warm 变暧get ready for +n.为做准备 get ready to do sth.准备做某事get well康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会get/go t

34、o sleep(fall asleep)入睡 相关：(be asleep睡着) 【解析】provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物provide v 提供provide sb. with sth. (sb 前介词用for) =provide sth for sb.( sth 前需加介词with)供应某人某物 相当于：offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb. provide为应急等做好准备而“提供； 供给”provide sb. with sth. =provide sth for sb.提供某人某物offer侧重表示“愿意给予”offer sb. sth

35、. = offer sth to sb.对某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主动提出干某事supply 定期“供应” , 强调替代或补充所需物品Supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物28.解析】It is important for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是重要的29. 【解析】depend on 依靠；信赖30.【解析1】 do ones part 尽职责；尽本分Do ones part in doing sth 在做某事上尽职责keep 系动词 “保持” keep + adj . We must ke

36、ep healthy.实义动词 “保持；继续” (1) keep ( on ) doing sth 继续做某事 (2) keep sb. Doing sth 让某人一直做某事 31. 【解析】develop independence 培养独立意识 develop vdevelopment n 发展developing adj. 发展developed adj. 发达的a developing country 一个发展中国家a developed country 一个发达国家 33.【解析】take care of 照顾 Thanks for your invitation, but Im so

37、 sorry I cant go. I need to _take care of_ my baby at home. 【拓展】与take相关的短语：take photos/pictures 照像 take away拿走 take out取出(work out算出) take care当心 take medicine服药 take place发生 take ones temperature量体温 take ones time别着急 take a walk散步34. 【解析1】as a result 结果 （插入语，放在句首，用逗号隔开） Dont ask him too late into t

38、he night, _As a result_ , he is only a small child.【解析2】fall ill 生病 fall asleep 入睡35 .【解析】the + 比较级， the + 比较级 “越. 越. ”The more you smile, the _ happier_ you will feel.Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?一、基础知识1. Why dont you talk to your parents? 你为什么不和你打父母谈谈呢？【解析】Why dont you do sth ?= Why no

39、t do sth? 为什么不.呢？【拓展】用于提建议的句型有：(1)What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth? .怎么样？(2)Why dont you do sth?= Why not do sth? 为什么不呢？(3)Lets do sth.让我们一起做某事吧。(4)Shall we/I do sth?我们做好吗？(5)had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事(6) Will/Would you please do sth 请你做好吗？(7) Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事吗？(8)Wo

40、uld you mind doing sth？你介意做某事吗？【回答】(1). 同意对方的建议时，一般用： Good idea./ Thats good idea. 好主意 OK/ All right./ Great 好/ 行/太好了 Yes, please ./ Id love to 是的/ 我愿意 I agree with you 我同意你的看法No problem 没问题Sure/ Of course/ Certainly 当然可以Yes, I think so 对，我也这样想(2).对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时，一般用： I dont think so 我认为不是这样 Sorry,

41、 I cant 对不起，我不能Id love to, but Im afraid我愿意，但恐怕【解析1】(1)too many + 复数名词 许多 too many people (2)too much +不可数名词 许多 too much homework (3)much too +形容词 太 much too cold【解析】allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事 【拓展】allow v 允许allow doing sth 允许做某事 They dont allow smoking. allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事My mother allows m

42、e to watch TV. be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事【拓展】allow与let的辨析：allow指“允许”，表示“默许，听任，不加阻止”，allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事。Let指“让”，let sb do sth让某人做某事，语意较弱，多用于口语中，let不能用于被动语态。【解析】go to sleep 去睡觉 (强调“入睡，睡着”这一动作）【解析】look 看起来 （系动词，后跟形容词作宾语）【拓展】：系动词：后跟adj. 作表语一是：（be） am /is /are be quiet=keep quiet 保持安静 二保持：stay/ke

43、ep （表示持续状态） stay healthy=keep healthy 保持健康 三变化：become/get/turn （表示状态变化） 五起来：sound/look/smell/taste/feel （表示感觉）【解析1】find sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做某事【解析2】look through 浏览【拓展】与look相关的短语：look for look after=take care of look like look the same look over look through look out look up look around look forward

44、to 【解析】be angry with sb. 生某人的气【拓展】angry adj. 生气的 angrily adv. 生气地(1)be angry with sb. =be mad at sb. 对某人生气【with后接人】(2)be angry at/about sth对某事感到生气 【at后接事】 (3)be angry to do sth 做某事感到生气【拓展】although/however辨析although conj，“虽然；即使；纵然”，引导让步状语从句时放在主句前后都可。 however adv，在句中作插入语，起一个连词的作用，一般用逗号与句子分开，可放在句首或句中，意为“然而，尽管如此”。【解析】leave v 遗忘，留下 leave sth . somewhere把某物忘在某地leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下【解析1】hope v 希望 hope to do sth hope + that 从句 （表示希望） wish v 希望 wish to do sth wish sb.to do sth 希望某人做某事 【解析】get on with sb. 和某人和睦相处；和某人关系良好=get along with get on well/ badly with 相处的好/坏【解析1】argue 争吵