高中英语10-并列句和状语从句1.pdf

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1、1专题专题 10并列句和状语从句并列句和状语从句状语从句包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句和结果状语从句。状语从句的考查主要集中在连接词的掌握上，尤其要重视 as, until, before, since,when, in case 等连词的各种语义功能和语法功能。其考点主要包括：1考查状语从句的连接词。要掌握每个连词的含义及其用法，还有它们之间的一些区别。如：时间状语从句的连词有 while, when，as，as soon as，until，notuntil，before, after，since 等； 条件状语从句的连词有 if，un

2、less, in case, on condition that, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that)等； 结果状语从句的连词有sothat(如此以至于)，suchthat(如此以至于)等。2考查固定搭配和习惯用法的连接词。如：no soonerthan/hardlywhen(一就); themoment/minute，directly 等的连词功能。3考查不同性质的连词在不同的语境中所表现的不同意义，如 as 既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导原因状语从句和让步状语从句； where 引导地点状语从句和定语从句等。4考查状语从句的时态。主要考查时

3、间、条件、让步状语从句用一般现在时表将来，以及一般过去时代替过去将来时的用法。5考查状语从句的省略。在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词 it 以及 be 动词，保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等成分。如果从句中有“it is形容词”，也可以省略 it is。连词的考查主要集中在并列句和各种复合句中，主要考查连词的意义辨析。如：and, but, or 或 while 以及其他连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。知识点一、时间状语从句知识点一、时间状语从句(一)when，while 与 as 引导的时间状语从句1when，whil

4、e 与 as 引导时间状语从句的区别连词谓语动词用法点津when延续性动词非延续性动词从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生， 也可以先后发生2while延续性动词从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生as延续性动词强调主从句动作相伴发生， 可译为“一边一边；随着”When they heard the news that Shenzhou had been sent up into space successfully，they jumped with joy.听到“神舟”九号成功发射的消息，他们高兴地跳了起来。While I was reading，he came in.我正在看书时，他进来了。The

5、 students sang as they walked.学生们边走边唱。2while 还可以作并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，却”。Liu Wang is from Shanxi while Liu Yang comes from Henan.刘旺来自山西，而刘洋来自河南。3when 也可以作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”。We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我们正在开会这时突然有人闯了进来。(二)before 与 since 引导的时间状语从句1before 与 since 的常用句式连词词义常用句式before在之前，还未就；才；趁

6、，还没来得及It will (not) be一段时间before.(没有)过时间才It was not long before.不久就It was时间段before.过了(时间)才since自从以来It is/has been一段时间since.(从句用一般过去时)It was一段时间since.(从句用过去完成时)It will be two years before he leaves the country.3再过两年他才会离开这个国家。It wasnt two years before he left the country.不到两年他就离开了这个国家。2since 引导的从句如果用非

7、延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语动作算起；若用延续性动词，所表示的动作自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。Its two years since we arrived here.我们到这儿两年了。Its three years since we lived here.我们不住在这里有三年了。(三)表示“一就”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句1引导时间状语从句，且表示“一就”含义的词或短语有：as soon as，the moment，the minute，immediately，directly，hardly/scarcely. when，no sooner. than.。2 hardly/s

8、carcely. when， no sooner. than.中主句应用过去完成时， 从句应用一般过去时； 当 no sooner.和 hardly/scarcely.位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。(四)until 与 till 引导的时间状语从句1until 与 till 引导时间状语从句的区别连词位置用法点津until可以放在句首not.until 可用于强调句型till不可放在句首一般不用于强调句型2.not until 位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。(五)引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(短语)1 其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词(短语)还有 after， whenever， every t

9、ime， each time， next time, thefirst/last time, any time, by the time, the day/year 等。Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每当我们遇到困难，他们就来帮忙。2by the time 引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时；by the time 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。By the time you come back, well have finished the job.到你回来的时候，我们将已经完

10、成这项工作。They had planted ten trees by the time we arrived.4我们到的时候，他们已经种了 10 棵树了。知识点二、条件状语从句知识点二、条件状语从句1引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词有 if，unless，as/so long as，in case(万一)，once，on condition that，provided/providing (that)，supposing(that)等。Youll fail the exam unless you study hard.除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。As long as you dont

11、lose heart，you will succeed.只要你不灰心，你就会成功。In case there is a fire，what will we do first?万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？2在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。知识点三、让步状语从句知识点三、让步状语从句(一)although，though，as 与 while 引导的让步状语从句1although 引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though 引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as 引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，

12、若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。Although the sun is shining, it isnt very warm.尽管艳阳高照，天气并不是很暖和。Happy as they were, there was something missing.尽管他们快乐，但总缺少点什么。2although 与 though 都可以与 yet，still 连用，但不能和 but 连用。3though 还可以作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。Ive a bit of cold.It is nothing much，though.我有点感冒，不过不太严重。4while 引导让步状语从句时，一般置

13、于句首。While I admit that there are problems，I dont agree that they cannot be solved.尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。(二)even if 与 even though 引导的让步状语从句even if 与 even though 表示“即使，纵然”，有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。Ill do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon.5我要做这件事，即使它将花去我整个下午的时间。Even if I were in your place, I woul

14、dnt take the job.即使我处于你的位置，我也不会接受这份工作。(三)“no matter疑问词”与“疑问词ever”引导的让步状语从句1“no matter疑问词”相当于“疑问词ever”，二者都可以引导让步状语从句。Dont trust him, no matter what/whatever he says.无论他说什么，不要相信他。2whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever 还可以引导名词性从句。(四)whether.or.引导的让步状语从句Whether you believe it or not, it is true.不管你相信与否

15、，那都是真的。知识点四、地点状语从句知识点四、地点状语从句1引导地点状语从句的从属连词 where, wherever 指具体地点时，从句可位于主句之前或之后；表示抽象条件的含义时，从句需放在主句之前。如：Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。You are free to go wherever you like.你愿意去哪里就去哪里。2注意区分 where 引导的定语从句与状语从句。如：Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句)Youd better make

16、 a mark at the place where you have any questions. (定语从句)你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。知识点五、原因状语从句知识点五、原因状语从句1引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that，每个连词的含义不尽相同。区别项目位置内涵语气能否回答 why能否被强调because(因为)主句前或后直接因果关系强能能6as(由于)主句前或后对方都知道的原因弱不能不能since/nowThat(既然)主句前如：Shes studying because

17、she has a test tomorrow.她正在学习，因为她明天有考试。As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.由于在下雨，我们不去公园了。Now that/Since everybody is here,lets begin our meeting.既然大家都在，我们开始开会吧。2此外，when 也可以表示原因，意为：since; considering that 既然；考虑到。如：It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five

18、 minutes.既然步行 5 分钟能轻松到达那里，你却打车，你可真够愚蠢的。知识点六、目的状语从句和结果状语从句知识点六、目的状语从句和结果状语从句1目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的从属连词有 so that, in order that, for fear that, in case, lest 等。如：Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.我会慢慢说，这样你就能理解我。Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。2结果状语从句(1)引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so

19、that, so.that., such.that.在非正式语体中，由 so.that.，such.that.引导的句子中的 that 可以省略，注意其结构形式：so形容词/副词that 从句so形容词a/an可数名词单数形式that 从句somany/much/few/little少名词that 从句sucha/an形容词可数名词单数形式that 从句such形容词可数名词复数形式/不可数名词that 从句sucha lot of/lots of名词that 从句7如：Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.Mike is

20、so honest a worker that we all believe him.迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他挣的钱如此少，以至于养不起家。当 so 或 such 置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。如：So clever a student was he that he was able to work

21、 out all difficult problems.他是如此聪明的学生，以至于能成功地解出所有难题。(2)除结果状语从句外， too.to.(太而不能)， enough to.(达到某种程度可以)， so.as to.(那么以至于)等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。如：He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus.He got up too late to catch the bus.He got up so late as to miss the bus.他起床太晚，以至于没赶上那班公共汽车。知识点七、方式状语从句知识点七、方式状语从句引导方式状

22、语从句的从属连词有 as, as if, as though 等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中 as if 或 asthough 引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。如：Do as you are told to, or youll be fired.告诉你怎么做就怎么做，否则你会被解雇。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。I feel as if I have a fever.我感觉像是发烧了。高频考点一、考查连词的用法高频考点一

23、、考查连词的用法例 1. 【2018天津】 Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend _they getsweet enough to be8eaten.A. ever sinceB. as ifC. even thoughD. so that【变式探究】 （2017北京）Peter, please send us postcards _ well know where you have visited.No problem.A. butB. orC. forD. so【变式探究】_ the average age of the popula

24、tion increases, there are more and more old peop le to carefor.A. UnlessB. UntilC.AsD. While【变式探究】_online shopping has changed our life , not all of its effects have been positive.A. SinceB.AfterC. WhileD. Unless高频考点二、考查时间状语从句高频考点二、考查时间状语从句例 2 I believe you will have a wonderful time here _ you get

25、to know everyone else.AthoughBas ifConceDso that【举一反三】We need to get to the root of the problem _ we can solve it.AwhileBafterCbeforeDas【变式探究】 It was the middle of the night _ my father woke me up and told me to watch the footballgame.AthatBasCwhichDwhen【变式探究】If you miss this chance，it may be years

26、_ you get another one.AasBbeforeCsinceDafter高频考点三高频考点三让步状语从句让步状语从句例 3My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, _ hes in his nineties.Aas long asBas ifCeven thoughDin case【举一反三】_ the students came from different countries，they got along quite well in the summer9camp.AWhileBUnlessCSinceDUntil【变式

27、探究】_ the forest park is far away，a lot of tourists visit it every year.AAsBWhenCEven thoughDIn case【举一反三】_difficulties you are experiencing right now，I can help you to develop a positive mindand take steps to improve your life.AWhereverBWhateverCHowever DWhenever【举一反三】We students should hold such an

28、 attitude：_ we achieve great success in our study，weshould not be proud.Aonly ifBin caseCnow thatDeven though高频考点四高频考点四条件状语从句条件状语从句例 4(2019江苏卷)The doctor shares his phone number with the patients _ they need medicalassistance.Aif onlyBas ifCeven thoughDin case【举一反三】(2019天津卷)Tom is so independent tha

29、t he never asks his parentsopinion _ he wantstheir support.AsinceBonceCunlessDafter【变式探究】(2018江苏卷)_ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and staymotivated after one or two nights.AOnceBUnlessCIfDWhen【变式探究】 (2018北京卷)_we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the

30、world willbe gone.AAlthoughBWhile10CIfDUntil高频考点五高频考点五其他状语从句其他状语从句例 5(2018天津卷)Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend _ they get sweet enough to beeaten.Aever sinceBas ifCeven thoughDso that【举一反三】(2017江苏卷)Located_the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to theBelt and Road constr

31、uction.Awhy BwhenCwhichDwhere【变式探究】Most successful people think about things in new and different ways: they see an open window_ others see a closed door.AwhereBifConceDunless【变式探究】The book will tell young Chinese that they should face the challenges，_“tears andrunning away” doesnt solve problems.Aa

32、sBthoughCin caseDso that1(2019江苏卷)The doctor shares his phone number with the patients _ they need medicalassistance.Aif onlyBas ifCeven thoughDin case【举一反三】(2019天津卷)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parentsopinion _ he wantstheir support.AsinceBonceCunlessDafter1.【2018天津】Lets not pick th

33、ese peaches until this weekend _they getsweet enough to beeaten.11A. ever sinceB. as ifC. even thoughD. so that2.【2018江苏】_ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated afterone or two nights.A. OnceB. UnlessC. IfD. When3.【2018北京】_ we dont stop climate change, many

34、animals and plants in the world will be gone.A.AlthoughB. WhileC. IfD. Until1 （2017北京）Peter, please send us postcards _ well know where you have visited.No problem.A. butB. orC. forD. so2 （2017北京）Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing _she was heading.A. whyB. whereC. howD. whe

35、n3 （2017天津） Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes. Otherwise, I _able to reach her yesterday.A. hadnt beenB. wouldnt have beenC. werentD. wouldnt be1.【2016天津】7. _ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old peop le tocare for.A. UnlessB. UntilC.AsD. While2.【2016浙江】5._onlin

36、e shopping has changed our life , not all of its effects have been positive.A. SinceB.AfterC. WhileD. Unless3.【2016北京】35. I am not afraid of tomorrow, _ I have seen yesterday and I love today.A. soB. andC. forD. but4.【2016江苏】26._some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated b

37、y a fear offailure.A.Because B.If C.Unless D.While5.【2016北京】33. I really enjoy listening to music _ it helps me relax and takes my mind away fromother cares of the day.A. becauseB. beforeC. unlessD. until6.【2016北京】27.My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, _ hes in his nineties.12A. as long

38、asB. as ifC. even thoughD. in case7.【2016江苏】34.Not until recently _the development of tour ist-related activities in the rural areas.A. they had encouragedB. had they encouragedC. did they encourageD. they encouraged13专题专题 10并列句和状语从句并列句和状语从句状语从句包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句和结果状语从句。状语从句

39、的考查主要集中在连接词的掌握上，尤其要重视 as, until, before, since,when, in case 等连词的各种语义功能和语法功能。其考点主要包括：1考查状语从句的连接词。要掌握每个连词的含义及其用法，还有它们之间的一些区别。如：时间状语从句的连词有 while, when，as，as soon as，until，notuntil，before, after，since 等； 条件状语从句的连词有 if，unless, in case, on condition that, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that)等； 结果状语

40、从句的连词有sothat(如此以至于)，suchthat(如此以至于)等。2考查固定搭配和习惯用法的连接词。如：no soonerthan/hardlywhen(一就); themoment/minute，directly 等的连词功能。3考查不同性质的连词在不同的语境中所表现的不同意义，如 as 既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导原因状语从句和让步状语从句； where 引导地点状语从句和定语从句等。4考查状语从句的时态。主要考查时间、条件、让步状语从句用一般现在时表将来，以及一般过去时代替过去将来时的用法。5考查状语从句的省略。在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，常常省略相同的主语或作

41、主语的代词 it 以及 be 动词，保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等成分。如果从句中有“it is形容词”，也可以省略 it is。连词的考查主要集中在并列句和各种复合句中，主要考查连词的意义辨析。如：and, but, or 或 while 以及其他连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。知识点一、时间状语从句知识点一、时间状语从句(一)when，while 与 as 引导的时间状语从句1when，while 与 as 引导时间状语从句的区别连词谓语动词用法点津when延续性动词非延续性动词从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生， 也可以先后发生14while延续性动词从句

42、的动作与主句的动作同时发生as延续性动词强调主从句动作相伴发生， 可译为“一边一边；随着”When they heard the news that Shenzhou had been sent up into space successfully，they jumped with joy.听到“神舟”九号成功发射的消息，他们高兴地跳了起来。While I was reading，he came in.我正在看书时，他进来了。The students sang as they walked.学生们边走边唱。2while 还可以作并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，却”。Liu Wang is fro

43、m Shanxi while Liu Yang comes from Henan.刘旺来自山西，而刘洋来自河南。3when 也可以作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”。We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我们正在开会这时突然有人闯了进来。(二)before 与 since 引导的时间状语从句1before 与 since 的常用句式连词词义常用句式before在之前，还未就；才；趁，还没来得及It will (not) be一段时间before.(没有)过时间才It was not long before.不久就It was时间段before

44、.过了(时间)才since自从以来It is/has been一段时间since.(从句用一般过去时)It was一段时间since.(从句用过去完成时)It will be two years before he leaves the country.15再过两年他才会离开这个国家。It wasnt two years before he left the country.不到两年他就离开了这个国家。2since 引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语动作算起；若用延续性动词，所表示的动作自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。Its two years since we arrive

45、d here.我们到这儿两年了。Its three years since we lived here.我们不住在这里有三年了。(三)表示“一就”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句1引导时间状语从句，且表示“一就”含义的词或短语有：as soon as，the moment，the minute，immediately，directly，hardly/scarcely. when，no sooner. than.。2 hardly/scarcely. when， no sooner. than.中主句应用过去完成时， 从句应用一般过去时； 当 no sooner.和 hardly/scarce

46、ly.位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。(四)until 与 till 引导的时间状语从句1until 与 till 引导时间状语从句的区别连词位置用法点津until可以放在句首not.until 可用于强调句型till不可放在句首一般不用于强调句型2.not until 位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。(五)引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(短语)1 其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词(短语)还有 after， whenever， every time， each time， next time, thefirst/last time, any time, by the time, the day/yea

47、r 等。Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每当我们遇到困难，他们就来帮忙。2by the time 引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时；by the time 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。By the time you come back, well have finished the job.到你回来的时候，我们将已经完成这项工作。They had planted ten trees by the time we arrived.16我们到的时候，他们已经种了 10 棵树了。知识

48、点二、条件状语从句知识点二、条件状语从句1引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词有 if，unless，as/so long as，in case(万一)，once，on condition that，provided/providing (that)，supposing(that)等。Youll fail the exam unless you study hard.除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。As long as you dont lose heart，you will succeed.只要你不灰心，你就会成功。In case there is a fire，what will we do

49、 first?万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？2在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。知识点三、让步状语从句知识点三、让步状语从句(一)although，though，as 与 while 引导的让步状语从句1although 引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though 引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as 引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。Although the sun is shining, it isnt very warm.尽管艳阳高照，天气并不是很暖和

50、。Happy as they were, there was something missing.尽管他们快乐，但总缺少点什么。2although 与 though 都可以与 yet，still 连用，但不能和 but 连用。3though 还可以作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。Ive a bit of cold.It is nothing much，though.我有点感冒，不过不太严重。4while 引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。While I admit that there are problems，I dont agree that they cannot be solve