高考英语语法现在分词考点分析讲义.docx

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1、高中英语语法现在分词考点分析现在分词的完成被动式的语法特征现在分词的完成被动式有两个语法特征:一是表明它与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系。二是它表明它先于主要动作完成。如:Having been told so beforehand, he was not surprised.因为之前已经有人告诉他了，所以他并不惊讶。Having been called early, he felt sleepy all day 由于被叫醒得很早，所以整天他都觉得想睡觉。The subject having been opened, he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了，他不得不谈下去。

2、He cites the works of two otherwise unknown authors, the originals of these works having been lost.他用7两位原先不出名的作者的作品这些作品的原著已经找不到了。Having been duly warned that I would get nowhere with my application, I went right ahead and applied anyway. 虽然有 人时提醒我这样的由不会有什么结果，我还是执意提出了申请。由于过去分词也可以表示先于主要动作的被动动作，所以现在分词的

3、完成被动式有时也可简化为过去分词，即省去“having been+过去分词”中的having been。如:(Having been) born in America, he is very good at English.由于他是在美国出生的，所以英语很好。(Having been) weakened by successive storms, the bridge was no longer safe. 这桥屡受暴风雨的摧残，已经不安全了。现在分词主动式与被动式用法比较现在分词的主动式.现在分词的主动式表明它与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系。如:Nodding,I went to get my

4、purse.我点了点头就去草钱包。Hearing the news, she broke into tears.听到这个消息，她就哭了起来。Walking on tiptoe, I approached the little window.我踮着脚，走近那个小窗户。Considering everything. it wasnt a bad holiday 考虑到各种情况，这次假期过得不错。Taking everything into consideration, they ought to get another chance.考虑到各种因素，应该再给他们一次机会。Writing hurri

5、edly as she was, she didnt notice the spelling errors.因为写得仓促，她没有注意其中的拼写错误。同样，现在分词主动式的完成式也表示它与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，但动作的完成时间要先于谓语动词。如:Having bought the house, they couldnt afford to furnish it. 买了房子之后，他们没钱配家具。Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner. 在找好旅馆之后，我们就去找吃饭的地方。Having increased our

6、 manufacturing facilities, we are advertising to obtain more users.增加了生产设备以后，我们做广告争取更多的用户。Having compared the new dictionary with to, and the old one, he found the new one more hepf 将新旧词典比较之后，他发现新词典更有用。Having noted down our names and addresses, the policeman dismissed us.那警察把我们的姓名和地址记下之后就让我们走了.、现在分词

7、的被动式现在分词的被动式表明它与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系。如:Being given a chance, she immediately jumped at it. 给了她这个机会，她立刻抓住。Being well taken care of, she recovered quickly 她受到很好的照顾，身体恢复得很快。Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes.这篇文章仓促写成，故错误百出Being protected by a wall, he felt quite safe.有一堵墙保护，他感到很安全。同样，现

8、在分词被动式的完成式也表示它与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系，但动作的完成时间要先于谓语动词。如:Having been warned about the bandits, he left his valuables at home.听到关于强盗出没的警告，他把贵重物品都留在家里了。Having been bi ten twice,the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up.邮递员被狗咬了两次之后要我们把狗拴起来,不然就不给我们送信了。Having been asked to stay,I could

9、nt very well leave. 既然要我留下，我就不好走了。Having been duly warned that I would get nowhere with my application, I went right ahead and applied anyway, 虽然有人活时提我这样的由不会有什么结果，我还是执意提出了申请。现在分词完成式用法两大语法特点特点一: 发生在谓语动作之前现在分词的完成式所表示的动词，从时间上看，它总是表示所发生的动作在谓语动作之前。如:Having bought the house, they couldnt t afford to furni

10、sh it.买了房子之后，他们没钱配家具Having been his own boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from another. 自己当老板已经这么久了，他微得难以听从别人的差遣。Having noted down our names and addresses.the polceman dismissed us.那警察把我们的转名和地打记下7后就计我们走特点二: 通常不用作后置定语在通常情况下，现在分词的完成式主要用作状语，而不用作定语，若语义上有此需要，可以考虑改成定语从句。如:丢失钱的人是

11、吉姆。 Jim is the man having lost his money. Jim is the man who has lost his money我们抓到了偷钱的人We caught the person having stolen the moneyWe caught the person who had stolen the money现在分词一般式所表示的时间关系时间关系一: 与谓语同时与主要动词同时发生或同时存在。如:Be careful when crossing the road. 过马路要当心He got engaged to her when traveling i

12、n Europe.在欧洲旅行时他和她订了婚She tremble a little while doing so. 她这样做时稍稍抖了一下。While trying to open the door, I cut my hand.在设法开门时我把手刺破了Jim hurt his arm playing tennis (-while he was playing tennis). 吉姆打网球时把手臂扭了.Reading my newspaper, I heard the door bell ring. 我看报时听见门铃响She broke her looking glass, dressing

13、to go out.她在外出前穿衣时把镜子打破了。the policeman asked approaching him.“你这里是什么东西?”警察走近问道 What have you got here?”时间关系二: 在谓语之后即后于主要动作发生，比如当现在分词用作结果状语时，它所表示的动作常发生在主要动作之后。如:He fired,wounding one of the bandits.他开了枪，打伤了其中一个匪徒。I fell, striking my head against the door and cutting it. 我摔了个跟头，头撞在了门上，划了个口子。The plane

14、lost control, clipping power cables as it fell飞机失去控制，落下时撞上了电线。Bacteria sticks to food debris in the teeth, causing decay. 细菌附着在牙缝中的食物残渣上，导致牙时间关系三: 在谓语之前即先于主要动作发生，比如当现在分词用作时间状语时(尤其是当现在分词为短暂性动词时)，表示的动作通常发生在主要动作之前。如:Arriving at the station, we learned that the train had already gone.到了车站，我们获悉火车已开走了。Lea

15、rning of the uprising, he returned to the country. 听到了起义的消息，他回到国内。Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.我们爬到塔顶后，看到了一片壮丽的景象若用现在分词表示先于谓语动词的动作时会导致误解，就应用现在分词的完成式。如:Having bought our tickets, we went into the theatre. 我们买好票后就走进剧场。Having read the instructions, he snatched up the fire extinguisher. 看完了说明书之后，他迅速堂起了灭火器。学科网（北京）股份有限公司