大学英语六级图表作文写作课件.ppt

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1、图表作文书信Types58%30%12%1999 2000 xxxxxxxxxtablepie graphbar graphline graph图图 表表 作作 文文 题题 型型 概概 述述1、给出一张统计表或图形，要求首先描述图表的内容，然后对图表所反映的现象进行分析和阐释，最后再提出自己的观点、看法或建议方案等；2、从1990年到2008年，历年六级作文题中出现了7篇图表作文。图表包括pie chart（表示各种事物在总数中所占比例），line graph（表示一种事物上升或下降的趋势），bar graph（表示几种事物在同一时期上升或下降的情况，table（表示多种事物之间的关系）。3、

2、图表作文至少包括描述图表与解释原因两个部分，但描述部分长度一般不要超过解释部分。(Practice Test 10)图表作文是一种特殊的提示作文，即提示以图表的形式出现，提示的信息隐含在图表之中。考生必须先仔细研读图表，使图表中的数据、曲线、图形等成为与短文标题相关并能为我所用的有意义的信息。考生读图时务必要把握表层信息和深层含义这两方面的内容，主要考的是考生对图表深层次信息（原因、根源、发展可能等）的挖掘和阐述。这类作文都可以采用下列统一的标准提纲:1.现状图表揭示的表面现象2.原因引起图表表面现象的深层次社会根源3.发展趋势或启示图表所表述的现象的发展前景（或趋势）及从中我们得到的启示写图

3、表作文时要注意两点：第一，在描述时，不要“面面俱到”，但要“类类俱到”，即不要把每一项的每一个数据都描述一遍，但一定要把每一项都提到。对于数据的描述，要特别注意选择那些变化最大，最典型，最能说明问题的数据，要在这些数据上做文章。第二，论点要简单明确，要说明一个问题，而不是几个，而且必须是你所选择的数据所表现出来的问题。因此，写前必须明确下列问题：一图表作文发展的历史背景图表作文在四六级98年6月四六级作文合题之前共出现过五次，其中六级四次（均为chart），四级一次(为table)。合题从98年月始到03年1月止，共十次，只是在02年6月考过一次图表作文。之后分题之后，六级在03年6月与9月连

4、续两次考察了图表作文图表作文历来被认为是一种相对高级的写作形式，所以早期多在六级出现。图表题（table,bargraph,piechart,linegraph）写作逻辑结构：ParagraphI:（1）概括描述图表：趋势描写；（2）具体描述图表：必要数据支持（细节性）。ParagraphII:（1）提出自己理由和观点（本段主题句）；（2）细节性分论点（主要是原因，用于支持自己的观点，至少两点）。ParagraphIII:（1）预测未来和提出解决方法；（2）总结全文和表达作者自己观点2006年6月17日大学英语六级考试作文题目题目：国外旅游1。近十年来某城市越来越多人选择出去旅游2。出现这种现

5、象的原因3。这种现象可能产生的影响表格：1995200020051万人近4万12万以上The above bar chart vividly indicates an upward trend in the number of people who prefer to travel abroad over the last decade.In 1995,there are only 10,000 tourists traveling abroad in X city.In 2000,the figure reached approximately 40,000,and peaked at 12

6、0,000 in 2005.There are several reasons for the shocking rise.Foremost,the development of Chinese economy is probably the main reason.Thanks to the deepening of reform and opening up,peoples living standard has been considerably improved.The enormous consuming power people boast makes it possible fo

7、r them to travel abroad.Also,the past decade witnessed the great development of tourism.Both inbound and outbound travels are available in every travel agency.In addition,the whole world is becoming a small village,so individuals today are expected and encouraged to go outside to widen their horizon

8、 and to face the real world of globalization.They hope to have direct contact with exotic cultures around the world.This phenomenon has two sides too.For one thing,it will bring lots of benefits.It will help enhance the mutual understanding between countries.It will boost the tour industry both at h

9、ome and abroad.For another,the uncivilized behavior of some Chinese tourists may have a negative impact on Chinas image.Part Writing 30 minutes Directions：For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers.You should write at least 120 words and

10、 base your composition on the chart and the outline given below 1、上图所示为、上图所示为1990年、年、1995年、年、2002年某校大学生事业计算机的年某校大学生事业计算机的情况，请描述其变化；情况，请描述其变化；2、请说明发生这些变化的原因、请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明等方面加以说明)；3、你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。、你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。Student Use of ComputersHours a

11、week2002年6月CET考题Sample1StudentUseofComputersStudentstendtousecomputersmoreandmorenowadays.Readingthischart,wecanfindthattheaveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweekhasincreasedsharply.In1990,itwaslessthan2hours;andin1995,itincreasedtoalmost4hours;whilein2002,thenumbersoaredto20hours.Obv

12、iouslycomputersarebecomingmoreandmorepopular.Thereareseveralreasonsforthis.First,computersfacilitateusinmoreaspectsoflife.Also,thefastdevelopmentoftheInternetenlargesourdemandsforusingcomputers.WecaneasilycontactwithfriendsinremoteplacesthroughtheInternet.Besides,thepricesofcomputersaregettinglowera

13、ndlower,whichenablesmorestudentstopurchasethem.Alongwiththetimespentoncomputers,therearisesomeproblems.ThemostseriousoneisthatmanystudentsarespendingsomuchtimeplayingPCgamessothattheyignoretheirstudies.Itisurgenttoletthestudentsusecomputersinaproperway.WritingStrategies图表数据的描述不管是chart还是table，都必须进行描述

14、，而且最好放在文章的第一部分，且长度不宜过短（根据具体情况而定），也不要太长（一般不要超过第二段的长度）。在第一段的处理上总结规律、切中要害（引用数字要见机行事），而不要过细，面面俱到，或者直接得出规律而完全抛开数据。WritingStepsParagraphOne图表题的适用句型：第一部分描述图表常用句型常用句型Aswecanseefromthechart/graph/table/diagram,.Thechart/graphshows/displaysthat.Ascanbeshowninthetable.,Thefigures/statisticsinthechartreflect/sh

15、ow/revealthat.,Itisclear/apparentfromthechart/tablethat.Asisshowninthegraph如图所示Thegraphshowsthat图表显示Ascanbeseenfromthetable,从表格中可以看出Fromthechart,weknowthat从这张表中,我们可知Allthesedataclearlyprovethefactthat所有这些数据明显证明这一事实,即Theincreaseof.Inthecityhasreachedto20%.在这个城市的增长已达到20%.In1985,thenumberremainedthesam

16、e.1985年,这个数字保持不变.Therewasagradualdeclinein1989.1989年,出现了逐渐下降的情况.ParagraphTwo第二部分常用句型过渡句Obviouslycomputersarebecomingincreasinglypopularformalesandforfemales.主题句TopicSentenceWebelievethatthreereasonscanaccountforthisphenomenon.Ibelievethatthreereasonscanaccountforthisphenomenon.Inmymind,thereasonswhy

17、theInternetsurfersareontheriseareasfollows.Threereasons,Ifirmlybelieve,canaccountforthisphenomenon.插入语属于看似平淡却极富功力的技巧在主题句之后，就可以使用连接词来分两个、三个或四个方面来写了，其中分三个方面来写是最常见的。这里就与普通的说明文与议论文一样了可以由最重要的到最不重要的，也可以由最不重要的到最重要的，也可能平行分布，主要依情况而定，不一而足。E.g.Inthefirstplace,computersfacilitateusinmoreaspectsoflife.Also,thera

18、piddevelopmentoftheinternetenlargesourdemandsforusingcomputers.Wecaneasilycontactfriendsinremoteplacesthroughtheinternet.Inthesecondplace,thepricesofcomputersaregettinglowerandlower,whichenablemorestudentstopurchasethem.ParagraphThree第三部分：如果这篇文章讲的是一个令人担忧的问题，那么这一段很可能是谈解决办法，这种可能性最大。如果这篇文章讲的是一个好的变化，那么这

19、一段很可能是两种情况可能写负面的影响或存在的问题（这就很象利弊类的文章了），或者写未来趋势或发展方向（更有可能），后面这种情况写得不会也不宜长，有时一句话即可。Example 1：Changes in Peoples Diet19861987198819891990Grain51%49%46%43%35%Milk10%11%11%12%15%Meat19%20%22%23%23%Fruit and vegetable20%20%21%22%27%Total100%100%100%100%100%图表分析这张表总体反映了1986年至1990年五年中人们饮食结构方面的变化情况。1.粮食消费量在逐渐

20、下降，五年间减少了四个百分点；2.牛奶和肉食的消费量在逐渐增加；3.水果蔬菜的消费量呈下降趋势。反映总趋势：人们的饮食结构正在以粮食为主向肉奶蛋高能量的方向转化。1.五年中经济收入的增长使生活水平提高，人们能够消费得起价格较高的肉奶食品；2.生活水平的提高使人们已不再满足于吃饱肚子，而开始注重有益健康的科学饮食。结论：以上分析表明，人们饮食结构将会朝着更科学，更合理，更营养的趋势发展。原因分析Sample（简述图表信息）Ascanbeseenfromthetable,(中心）greatchangeshavebeentakingplaceinpeoplesdietovertheperiodfro

21、m1986to1990.Theconsumptionofgrainhasdecreasedby4%,whiletheconsumptionofhighqualityfood,suchasmilkandmeat,hasincreasedsteadily.(原因分析）Therearechieflytworeasons，Ithink,forthechanges.Intheolddays,peoplecouldnotoftenaffordmeatandmilkwhosepricewasonlywithinreachofwell-to-dofamilies.Butnow,withtheimproveme

22、ntoflivingstandard,mostpeoplehaveenoughmoneytobuythem.Andpeopleoftodayalsopaymoreattentiontonutrition.Theywanttoeatnotonlymorebutalsobetter.Theyareseekingthemostreasonabledietstructurewhichwilldogoodtotheirhealth.(结论）Inshort,withtheimprovementofpeopleslivingstandard,changesintheirdietwillbemoreobvio

23、usandgreat.OutlineChanges in the Way of Travel(1)下图所示为某城市1990年至2003年间人们旅行乘车方式的变化，请描述其变化(2)简述你从中得出的结论Mode of traveling19902003By air8%25%By train58%35%By car10%32%By bike24%8%Total100%100%Example 2:Changes in the Way of TravelTemplate The chart describes （点题）.（概括描述）.As is shown in the chart,（具体描述某方面）

24、.What do these changes show?(得出结论).Sample The table shows the changes in the way people travel.During the years between 1990 and 2003,the number of people traveling by train,by air and by private car has changed a great deal.Sample As can be seen from the table,there are two remarkable tendencies:on

25、e is the rate of traveling by air,and the other is that by private cars.The former rose from 8%in 1990 to 25%in 2003,while the latter from 10%to 32%,both increasing more than 3 times.The table also shows that the number of people traveling by train decreased by 23%though it is still their first choi

26、ce.Sample I think two things caused the changes.First,people are better off.They can afford to travel by air or in their own cars.Second,traveling by train is still favored by the majority,since it is cheaper.So,we may predict that as peoples living standard is improving,trains,cars and planes will

27、be three main forms of transportation for long-distance travel.Useful Expressionsincreasedecrease(1)(2)(3)(4)rise dramaticallyincrease steadilydrop sharplyfall graduallyUseful Expressionsincreasedecreaseincrease rise jumpdramaticallyrapidlysignificantlysuddenly sharply slightlygraduallysteadilydecre

28、ase declinedropfallUseful Expressions S+V +Obj.doubletreble(1)This country has doubled her annual output of steel during the post-war years.(2)The enemys force trebles ours.是过去的是过去的 2倍，倍，增加了增加了1 倍倍是过去的是过去的 3倍，倍，增加了增加了2 倍倍Useful Expressions S+V+times+(1)The gross value of industrial output last year

29、was estimated to be 2.5 times that of 2000.（工业总产值）(2)By that time they will produce three times as much grain as they did in 2001.(3)The foreign trade turnover increased 3.5 times compared with 2002.（对外贸易总额）that ofas+adj.(sth.)+asUseful Expressions S+be+times/%+S+V+(by)+%(1)The agricultural output f

30、or 2006 is estimated to be 51%up on 1996.(2)The grain output was two times over that of 1993.(3)In 1980 crude oil production rose(by)150 per cent compared with 1975.up onOver比较级比较级+than增加了多增加了多少倍少倍/百百分之几分之几应应 用用 文文 题题 型型 概概 述述1、2004年大学英语考试委员会明确声明：“以后的国内英语考试侧重考查考生英语的实际运用能力。”由此以来，应用文成了四、六级的一个重点题型，从199

31、0到2008年，历年六级作文考题中共出现了5次应用文；2、常见的应用文包括常见的应用文包括书信、通知、便条、启事、请柬、申请书和说明书等，书信包括投诉信、咨询信、道歉信、邀请信、感谢信等；信函信函 英文书信是典型的应用文写作，英文书信大抵可分为私人信函与公务信函两大类。公务信函一般为单位之间或单位与个人之间就某些非个人事务而往来的信件。私人信函则是亲朋好友之间就个人事务、情感交流而往来的信件。公务信函比较讲究格式和语体。信函的写作主要涉及信函必须遵循的特殊格式，另外英文信函还讲究个“A、B、C”。A即Accuracy-准确，B即Brevity-简洁，C即Clarity清晰。英文信函的格式。英文

32、书信通常由七个部分组成。它们是信封、信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结尾套语和署名。除信封独立于其他六个部分之外，其他六个部分均出现在信纸上。信笺包括：信头信内地址称呼正文结尾客套署名信头。指发信人地址及日期。位于信笺右上方，先写地址，最后一行写日期。信内地址。指收信人姓名、地址。信头下隔行靠信笺左侧。公务信函必须写信头和信内地址。称呼。指对收信人的称谓语。信内地址下隔行顶格书写。正文。指书信的主体内容。这部分与汉语书信相同。结尾客套。指写信人的谦称。正文下方23行从中间偏右处开始书写。常用的谦称客套有（需大写首字母）:YoursFaithfully或FaithfullyYours，YoursTr

33、uly或TrulyYours，YoursSincerely或Sincerely（Yours），YoursEver，YoursRespectfully等。署名。指写信人最后落笔。位于结尾套语下方。范文.公务信函求职信（信头、信内地址略）:Directions:For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic:A Letter to A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on the Universi

34、ty President about the Canteen Service on CampusCampus.You should write at least 120 words,and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:假设你是李明,请你就本校食堂的状况给校长一封信,内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量,价格,环境,服务等,可以是表扬,可以是批评建议,也可以兼而有之.2002年1月六级真题IamasophomoremajoringinCivicEngineering.Iamwritingtoyoutosaysomet

35、hingaboutthecanteenserviceoncampus.Whensteppingintothebrightandspaciouscanteen,weareimmediatelyattractedbythewhitericeandthesmellofvariousdishes.Theservicepersonsarealwayssmilingandfairlyenthusiasticfortheirwork.Butwegetalittlesurprisedwhenpayingforthefood,becauseitspriceistwicethatoftheuniversityne

36、arby.Thehighpriceisthebiggestobstacleforustohaveadeliciousmeal.Onthisaccountanumberofstudentshavetochoosethefoodthatischeapandwithlittlenutrition.Itisunhealthfultoourhealthandreducestheeffectivenessinourlearning.Soitisadvisabletodropthefoodpriceinourcanteen.Astowhatpercentageofpriceshouldbereduced,a

37、studentpollmaybehelpful.Iamoneofthousandsofthestudentswhoarezealoustoseeouruniversitytakeeffortstoreducetheprice.Yoursrespectfully,LiMingJanuary 12th,2002Dear Mr.President,Dear Mr.Smith,Thank you very much for your job offer.I was very delighted and excited to know that you granted me this position

38、in your company.And its really my honor to have the chance to work for you.But regretful enough,I must say sorry to you,since I just get the information that I am admitted by the graduate school.As I mentioned at the interview that I had attended that exam half a year ago,but I didnt know the result

39、 at that time.Yesterday I just received the admission notice from the school.I think you also agree that it is a precious chance for me to purseu my study and enrich my life.So,to my heartfelt sorry,I have to abandon the opportunity to work in your company.But I cannot deny that your company is real

40、ly a wonderful place for me to work in,so if it is possible,I sincerely hope I could work for you in the near future.I will appreciate it very much if you can grant me understanding and forgiveness.Wish your company a promising future.Sincerely yours,Li MingDearMr.Cavendish，Isawyouradvertisementinth

41、elocalpaperthisevening，andIwonderifyouwouldconsidermeforajobasawaiterthissummer.IamseventeenyearsoldandatpresentamstudyingformyAlevelsinEnglishandeconomics.WhenIleaveschool，Iwillhopetotakeacourseinhotelmanagement.Duringtheschoolholidayslastsummer，IworkedasawaiterattheCentralHotel.Theheadwaiterthere，

42、Mr.Macintosh，willbepleasedtosendyouarecommendationforme.IwouldprefertoworkinyourhotelinFileybecauseitisnearmyhome.However，ifthereisntanyjobthereforme，perhapsyoucouldconsidermefortheScarboroughHotel.Iwouldbepleasedifyouwillsendmeinformationaboutthepayandconditionsofthejobtobeoffered.IwillbefreetobeginworkinthefourthweekofJulywhentheschoolholidaysstart.YoursSincerely，PeterTuck