《医学英语》PPT课件.ppt

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1、IMMUNOLOGYIMMUNOLOGYImmunologyThetermwascoinedbyRussianbiologistIlyaIlyichMechnikovwhoadvancedstudiesonimmunologyandreceivedtheNobelPrizeforhisworkin1908lie Metchnikoff,c.190891班汪玖琳Etymological root of immunologyThetermimmunization,originallyderivedfromtheLatin-wordimmuniswasintendedtomeanexemptionf

2、romchargesandalsoimpliedprotectionfromtheepidemic.The important lymphoid organs The important lymphoid organs of the immune system are the thymus and bone marrow,and chief lymphatic tissues such as spleen,tonsils,lymph vessels,lymph nodes,adenoids,and liver.Primitive immunology orignated in ChinaPri

3、mitive immunology orignated in Chinablow the powder of smallpox scabs into peoples blow the powder of smallpox scabs into peoples nosenoseWorlds First VaccineWorlds First Vaccine90班 王馨琪In the 15th century,this In the 15th century,this vaccine was introduced to vaccine was introduced to the Middle Ea

4、st.the Middle East.intracutaneous injectionintracutaneous injectionMary Wotly Montagu introuduce it to BritainNOT WIDELY ACCETEDNOT WIDELY ACCETEDEDWARD JENNER(1749-1823)EDWARD JENNER(1749-1823)1796The first smallpox vaccination1880-Louis Pasteur created the bacillus anthracis attenuated vaccine and

5、 rabies vaccine1883-E.Metchnikoff discovered the phagocytosis of white blood cells1890-E.Vonbering discovered diphtheria antitoxiy1894-J.Bordet found complement1901-the term“immunology”first appeared in 1916-first publishedIn the late 19th century,the development of microbiology laid In the late 19t

6、h century,the development of microbiology laid a foundation for the formation of immunologya foundation for the formation of immunologySince the mid-20th century of modern Since the mid-20th century of modern immunology,many new discoveries in immunology immunology,many new discoveries in immunology

7、 have challenged the traditional concept of have challenged the traditional concept of immunologyimmunologyFrank Macfarlane Burnetin 1958,put forward the clone selection theoryLouis PasteurLouis PasteurScience has no national Science has no national boundaries,but scholars have their boundaries,but

8、scholars have their own countryown country90班 刁美娟The main achievementNegativemicrobesnaturallyoccurThegermofdiseasesaysPasteurization（巴氏灭菌法）Rabiesvaccine（狂犬病疫苗）DoublecrystalphenomenonPasteurizationRabies vaccinePasteur instituteMedical news转移性肺癌免疫治移性肺癌免疫治疗Immunotherapy for metastatic liver cancerMet

9、astatic lung cancer(转移性肺癌)Latest research findingsResearch significance91班赵玉琳，刘兰Metastatic lung cancerMetastatic lung cancer转移性肺癌DefinitionTherapeuticmethodimmunotherapyLatest research Latest research findingsfindingsDoctorMarkRubinsteinNewtreatmentmethodExperimentalresultsofanewmethodoftreatmentRes

10、earch significanceIncreaseinlifespanNewdrugsneedtobeimprovedbeforetheycanbeusedclinically.Job Burnout Know the Signs and SymptomsBurnout is a state of physical,emotional and mental exhaustion that has long been exposed to demanding work environments.by刘春香 王成春 The reason of being more prone to burnou

11、t Lack a proper balance between work and life.Try to be everything to everyoneA monotonous jobWork in the helping professionsSome symptoms of burnoutSome symptoms of burnoutBe more cynical,critical and sarcasticLose the ability to experience joyBecome more irritable and less patientLack the energy t

12、o be consistently productiveBe troubled by headaches,neck pain or lower back painIdentify the causesLack of controlUncleaer job expectationsDysfunctional workplace dynamicsMismatch in valuesPoor job fitExtrems of activityTake action Talk to your supervisor or mentorSee your doctor or a mental professionalConsider an alternative jobQUASTIONQUASTIONWho invented the first smallpox vaccination?Who invented the first smallpox vaccination?Louis Pasteur discovery which kind of vaccineLouis Pasteur discovery which kind of vaccine？-Edward Jenner -Edward Jenner-rabies vaccine-rabies vaccine