考研英语核心词汇真题语境详解.doc

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1、Aabandon构词a不+ban禁止+don给予不禁止给出去放弃vt. 1.give up completely放弃2.forsake，desert 遗弃, 丢弃3.yield completely to 放肆, 放纵; 沉湎于n. freedom from worry or inhibitions放肆; 放纵; 尽情; 任意真题连线2001 Passage 5Abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it fa

2、r greater rewards than financial success and social status. 放弃“忙忙碌碌”的生活哲学，转而过一种“放慢生活节奏”的生活所带来的回报，比经济成功和社会地位更有价值。absolute构词ab不+solute松开决不松开绝对的plete; total绝对的; 完全的, 纯粹的,确实的2.unrestricted; unlimited; unqualified无条件的, 不受限制的3.having unlimited power 专制的, 独断的4.certain; undoubted 确实的, 肯定的真题连线2001 Passage 5M

3、y experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. 我这个被美国人称为“放慢生活节奏”的试验，却使我老掉牙的借口变成了绝对的现实。absorb构词ab表强调+sorb吸吸引vt.1.to take sth in through 吸收2.include sth/sb as part of; merge with 并吞3.hold the interest of sb fully使(精神)贯注习惯用语be absorbed by 被吞并

4、, 为所吸收be absorbed in 全神贯注在, 一心从事, 热衷于absorb sb.s attention 吸引某人注意真题连线2007 Part CSharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalists intellectual preparation for his or her career.通过并运用法律来提高判断能力是一名新闻记者为其职业生涯做好知识准备的一个重要组成部分。absorbed构词ab.表强调+sorb吸+ed形容词后缀被吸引

5、的全神贯注的;专心的a.wholly involved or occupied; engrossed 热衷的，专注的真题连线2006 Text 1People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption”launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. 人们被一种消费文化所吸引，这种文化是由十九世纪在高雅的氛围中陈列着琳琅满目的商品的百货商店所发起的。abstract构词abs离开+tra

6、ct拉，拖拉出，抽a.1.existing in thought but not having practical抽象的; 理论上的, 不现实的2.difficult to understand;深奥的;难以理解的vt. 1.to take away; remove抽取;拿走2.to summarize;概括;归纳n.摘要，梗概链接abstracteda.心不在焉的abstractionn.提取习惯用语in the abstract 抽象地, 观念上, 理论上; make an abstract of 把的要点摘录下来真题连线2003 英译汉Thus, the anthropological

7、concept of “culture”, like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding. 因此，人类学中的“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念。它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。abundant构词ab 表强调+und波动+ant形容词后缀多得象波浪一样丰富的a.plentiful大量的，充足的，丰富的习惯用语abundant in富于;很丰

8、富真题连线2005 Text 1Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. 不公平而引起的愤怒感似乎不是人类的专利。拒绝接受较少的酬劳可以让这些情绪准确无误地传达给其它成员。abuse构词ab 偏离+use用偏离正常使用滥用v.1.to use wrongly or

9、improperly; misuse乱用，滥用2.to hurt or injure by maltreatment虐待，伤害n.1.improper use or handling; misuse 误用;恶习2.physical maltreatment虐待，伤害真题连线1997 Passage 3The phrase “substance abuse” is often used instead of “drug abuse” to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully

10、 misused as heroin and cocaine. 他们常用“物质滥用”而不用“药物滥用”来清楚表明滥用酒精、烟草这样的物质如同滥用海洛因和可卡因一样有害。accelerate构词ac表方向 +celer快，速+ate动词后缀加速vt.1.to increase the speed of 加速，促进，加快的速度2.cause to occur sooner than expected使比预期发生的要早链接acceleration n.加速，增速真题连线2001英译汉According to BTs futurologist，Ian Pearson，these are among t

11、he developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium(a period of 1000years)，when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life. 根据英国电讯公司的未来学家伊恩皮尔逊的看法，上述种种科研成就均属新千年的最初几十年内的开发项目之列，届时超级计算机将大大加快人类生活各个领域里的进步。access构词ac表方向+cess走过去接近n.1.means of approaching

12、or entering (a place)(接近或进入某地的)方法; 通路;入口2.opportunity or right to use sth or approach sb接近某人的机会或权利;到达，享有权v.存取真题连线2008 Text 2The Internetand pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from governmentfunded research by restricting access to itis maki

13、ng access to scientific results a reality. 网络连同来自于投资机构的压力，他们质疑为什么商业出版商通过限制人们的使用来从政府资助的科学研究中获利使免费接触到科学成果成为一个现实。accessible构词access+ible形容词后缀可接近的a.1.easily approached or entered易接近的，易进入的2.easily obtained易得到的3.easy to talk to or get along with易相处的真题连线2002英译汉As the interaction between organism and enviro

14、nment has come to be understood，however，effects once assigned to states of mind，feelings，and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions. 然而，由于人(生物)和环境之间的相互作用已经逐渐被人们所认识，所以现在正开始从已知的环境去寻找一度认为是心态、情感和性格特征所造成的影响其根源所在。accommodation构词ac表强调+com共同+mod方式，模式，风度+ ion名词后缀住处, 膳宿n.1.the act of accom

15、modating or the state of being accommodated; adjustment适应2.something that meets a need; a convenience.方便，方便设施3.a seat, compartment, or room on a public vehicle.座位，车厢，房间习惯用语come to an accommodation达到和解, 达到妥协真题连线2002 Text 1He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on.

16、他看到了豪华的住宅、美丽的花园、晴朗的天气等等。accomplish构词ac表强调+com共同+pli满，填满+ish动词后缀全部弄满完成vt.to reach the end of; complete达到终点;完成;实现(计划)真题连线2009 Part CThe need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 显而易

17、见，这需要培训;而且急需改变态度和习惯，这是我们不得不考虑的后果。accord构词ac表强调+cord心脏一致v.1.to cause to conform or agree; bring into harmony. 使符合，使同意;使和谐2.to grant, especially as being due or appropriate授予，尤其是应该或恰当地n. 符合，一致习惯用语in accord with 与一致, 与契合(指见解, 观点等); of ones own accord 自愿地, 主动地out of accord (with) (同)不一致; (跟)不调和; accord

18、with 与一致, 与相符真题连线2004 Text 4Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. 按照霍夫斯塔特的观点，才学不同于天生的智力，它是一种我们不太情愿去赞赏的品质。accountant构词ac表强调+count计数+ant人会计n.会计人员，会计师真题连线1999 Passage 3It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so

19、 many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants. 然而，去臆断科学家、商人、会计职位的数量是武断的。accumulate构词ac表强调+cumul堆积+ate堆积起来积累v.gradually get or gather together积累, 聚集而成;堆积真题连线2001 Passage1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific k

20、nowledge. 专业化可被视为针对科学知识不断膨胀这个问题所作出的反应。accurate 构词ac表强调+cur关心+ate表强调关心，弄精确为止a.1.free from error 正确无误的2.careful and exact 精确的; 准确的真题连线1995 Passage 3Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and fami

21、ly life, will survive and succeed. 那些拥有准确、可信、最新信息并用来解决日常问题、工作中的重要问题以及社会和家庭问题的人就能生存下去并取得成功。accuracy构词ac表强调+cur关心+acy名词后缀正确n.conformity to fact.准确;准确度;准确(性)真题连线2002 Text 2And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform so

22、me kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy-far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. 由于电子和微观机械仪器的不断缩小，现在已有一些机器人系统能够进行精确到毫米的脑部和骨髓手术，其精确性远远超过熟练的医生用他们的双手所能达到的水平。acknowledge构词ac表强调+knowldge知识，学识;知道承认;答谢;报偿;告知收到v.1.accept the truth of (st

23、h); admit (sth) 承认(某事物)属实; 供认(某事物)2.report that one has received (sth) 告知已收到(某物)链接acknowledgementn.承认; 致谢; 感谢真题连线2006 Text 3Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. 渥姆博士承认这些数字还只是保守数字。acquaintance构词ac使+quaint知道+ance名词后缀熟悉n.1.knowledge of a person acquired by a relationship less inti

24、mate than friendship认识，相识，了解2.a person whom one knows熟人习惯用语a passing acquaintance with对的肤浅的了解have no acquaintance with不熟悉, 不了解make the acquaintance of sb.(make sb.s acquaintance)结识某人真题连线2001 Passage 5While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic declineafter the mass redundancies

25、caused by downsizing in the late-80sand is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. 在美国，这种趋势一开始是对经济衰落所做出的一种反应出现于80年代后期缩小经济规模所引起的大量人员冗余之后在英国，至少在我所认识的中产阶级的简化生活者中，这种趋

26、势仍被认为与节俭有关联，虽然如此，然而我们有着不同的缘由去寻求，使自己的生活简单化。acquire构词ac表强调+quire寻求得到获取vt.1.acquired, acquiring获得(知识等);取得;养成(习惯)2.to gain possession of 占有习惯用语acquire currency 传播; 流传, 散布 acquire acknowledge of 求得的知识真题连线2003 Text 2They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformatio

27、n go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. 他们应该对读者致编辑的来信及时做出反应，以防止动物权利倡导者借机伪装起真理的外表，猖獗盛行。acquisitive构词ac表强调+quis寻求，询问+itive形容词后缀一再寻求贪婪的a.1.characterized by a strong desire to gain and possess渴望得到的，贪婪的2.tending to acquire and retain ideas or information获得并保存的习惯用语be acquisitive of(

28、迫切地)想获得真题连线2000 Passage 5What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. 现在的情况是人们不能像以前那样轻易地、公开地坦陈自己的梦想，惟恐别人认为自己爱出风头、贪婪、庸俗不堪。act构词act to do , to drive,“行动，做”n.1.the process of doing o

29、r performing sth过程;一幕2.a decisional product delivered by a legislative body.法案，法令3.a formal written record of proceedings or transactions备忘录，会议记录v.1.to play the part of; assume the dramatic role of扮演2.to behave like or pose as; impersonate假装习惯用语be in on the act参与;clean up(ones)act改进举止get into the ac

30、t加入，参与;get(ones)act together组织起来，有头绪真题连线1996 Passage 3The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the o

31、ld family business now passing away. 为公司做事的经理与员工及他们的需求关系更加直接，但即便是这个经理也很少像逐渐消失的传统家族企业中的、更具家族化体制下的雇主那样对员工的情况了如指掌。activate构词act行动，做+ivate使动用法使活动v.make(sth)active 使(某事物)活动链接active a.活跃的，敏捷的，积极的;在活动中的真题连线1997 Passage 3Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressan

32、ts slow it down. 兴奋剂主要起到加速或激活中枢神经系统的作用，而镇静剂则相反：减缓它的活动。actual构词act行动，做+ual 形容词后缀真实的a.existing in fact; real 实在的; 真实的; 实际的; 确实的链接actually ad.实际地; 实在地真题连线1997英译汉Actually, it isnt, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. 事实并非如此，因为这种

33、问法是以人们对人的权利有共同的认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。acute构词acu尖，酸，锐利+te形容词后缀尖锐的，敏锐的a.1.keenly perceptive or discerning; penetrating敏锐的, 知觉敏锐的或有辨别能力的2.extremely sharp or severe; intense剧烈的;强烈的3.of great importance or consequence; crucial: 严重的;关键的,至关重要的或有重大后果的;决定性的真题连线1996 Passage 4Acute foreign observers related Ameri

34、can adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. 目光敏锐的外国观察家把美国人的适应能力和创新能力与这种教育优势联系起来。adapt构词ad表强调+apt适应，能力表强调适应v.1.make sth suitable for a new use, situation 适合新的用途、 情况2.become adjusted to new conditions, etc 适应(新环境等)链接adaptable a.能适应的; 适应性强的:真题连线1999年英译汉Social science methodologies

35、 had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. 社会科学研究的方法必须改变以适应这样一条指导，即以史料为基础，而不是为当代社会之需。addict构词ad表强调+dict说说了还说沉溺n.1.person who is unable to stop taking drugs有瘾的人2.person who is strongly interested in sth 对某事物有

36、强烈兴趣的人v. strongly interested in sth as a hobby 嗜好链接addictive a.使人上瘾的;addicteda.上瘾的真题连线1997 Passage 3Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. 很多人错误地认为“药物”这个词仅仅指某些药品或是吸毒者服用的违禁化学品。adequate构词ad表强调+equ相等，平均+ate动词后缀足够的;

37、可以胜任的a.sufficient to satisfy a requirement or meet a need足够的,足以满足要求或需求的真题连线2004 Cloze TestThe latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control. 后者也许会因为父母的管教不严而犯罪。adjectiveMZ)5AdViktiv构词ad增加+ject投掷，扔+ive形容词后缀扔上去的附加的a.1.grammar adjectival形容词的2.law prescriptive; remedial(法律) 程序的;补救的真题连线20

38、00 Passage 3We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. 我们必须大量使用基本词汇，摆脱句号，修饰性形容词及限定动词的羁绊。adjoining构词ad再+join结合，连接+ing形容词后缀毗邻的a.neighboring; contiguous贴邻的;毗连的真题连线2005 Text 1However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but ad

39、joining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different. 但是，当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，猴子的行为就会变得明显不同。adjust构词ad表强调+just正“使变正调整，校正”v.1.put(sth)into the correct order or position; arrange 整理; 整顿; 安排2.become

40、 or make suited(to new conditions); adapt 使适合(新环境等); 适应链接adjustable a.可调节的; 可调整的adjustment n.调整;评定真题连线2003 Cloze TestBecause they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence that come

41、s from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired by others. 因为年轻人正在适应他们新的身体和许许多多新的知识和情感挑战，所以他们特别爱面子并且需要信心，这种信心来自取得成功和来自知道他们的成就受到其他人的羡慕。administration构词ad+minister(mini小+ster小人古代大臣称自己是“小人”部长，大臣)+ation名词后缀做部长管理n.1.management经营2.the activity of a sovereign state in the exerci

42、se of its powers or duties.行政习惯用语under sb.s administration在某人的管理下; during the administration of sb.在某人的任期内真题连线2005 Text 2If the administration wont take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures . 如果政府不争取立法上的主动权，国会就应该帮助政府开始采取保护措施。admire构词ad表强调+mire惊奇，

43、看表强调让人惊喜羡慕v.1.to regard with pleasure, wonder, and approval 以愉快、惊奇及赞同的心情看待2.to enjoy喜欢，想要喜欢(某物)真题连线2004 Text4Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. 按照霍夫斯塔特的观点，才学不同于天生的智力，它是一种我们不太情愿去赞赏的品质。admit构词ad表强调+mit送，放出送来许可进入vt.1.to permit to

44、enter允许进入2.to permit to exercise the rights, 许可，准许允许行使的权利3.to grant to be real, valid, or true确认承认是真实的，有事实根据的vi.1.to afford possibility提供可能性2.to allow entrance允许进入;通往真题连线2000 Passage 3With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be - even ad

45、mitting that the theory on which it is based may be rightit can hardly be classed as Literature. 然而，就未来派诗歌而言，情况却相当不同，因为无论未来派诗歌为何物即使承认其理论根据可能正确，也很难称之为文学。adopt构词ad增加+opt选择通过选择增加采纳v.1.take sb into ones family 收养某人2.take over采纳3.choose sb as a candidate or representative 挑选某人作候选人或代表链接adoptivea.过继的; 采纳的真

46、题连线2009 Text 2Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption.在这些测试当中，最受欢迎的是父子关系及亲属关系测试被收养的孩子可以用它来找到与自己有血缘关系的亲属，家庭也可以用此来查找供收养的小孩子的亲属关系。advocate构词ad增强+voc叫喊，声音+ate动词后缀增强声音拥护v.speak publicly in favour of(sth);