高中英语必修一知识点.doc

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1、Module 2 My New teachers1. set criteria for 标准 近义词：set the standard for; level The Olympic qualifying standard has been set at 64.50m.参加奥运会的资格标准定在64.50米2. positive 含义：正面的，积极地，肯定的，带正电的，阳性的 例句：three players who had tested positive for cocaine use因服用可卡因测试呈阳性的三位运动员 The company received a positive respon

2、se from investors.该公司得到了投资者的肯定回应。 The election result will have a positive effect because it will restore peoples confidence.选举的结果将产生积极地影响，因为它恢复了人们的信心。 You are sure it was the same man?Positive!said George.“你确定这是同一个人吗？”“确信。”乔治说。 The positive pole carries a positive charge while the negative pole doe

3、s a negative charge.正极带正电荷，负极带负电荷。 She is a positive idiot.她完全是个白痴。 HIV-positive (AIDS)获得性免疫综合征3. negative 含义：负面的，消极的，否定的，带负电的，阴性的 例句：That,I take it,was a negative answer.我认为那个回答是否定的。 The new tax was having a very negative effect on car sales.新的税收对汽车销售有着非常消极的影响。 The industry suffered negative growth

4、 in 1992.1992年，工业遭受了负增长。 You cant learn anything with negative attitude.你用消极的态度什么也学不到。4. energetic/energy energetic：充满活力的，精力充沛的（adj）energy：能量(n) 近义词：full of energy 辨析：energy/power/strength/force power 为“力,力量”。 它是力的总称, 指各种力, 如电力,动力或某事物的能力。它也可指人所具有的力量, 能力,权力及势力等。当指人所具有的力气时, 它与 strength 同义。power是最普通用词，

5、泛指一切力量或能力，另有“电力；权力”之意。 power为“力，力量，能力，权力”。 它是力的总称，指各种力，如电力，动力或某事物的能力。它也可指人所具有的力量，能力，权力及势力等。当指人所具有的力气时，它与strength同义。如： A football player needs power/strength to run with the ball. （power指体力。） Ill do everything in my power to help that old lady. （power指能力。） Electricity gives us power and makes machine

6、s work. （power指电力。） Matters of this kind should be solved in a peaceful way instead of by means of force. As the saying goes, “Knowledge is power.” When the new president comes into power, he carries out a series of workable and favorable policies.新任总统掌权后，实施了一系列可行而又有利的政策。 energy 为“精力,活力,能量”，指人或动物所积蓄

7、的内在或释放的活力, 也指物理学上的能量。 strength为“力气，力量”发挥的内在素质与体质，也可指物理学上的强度。 试比较：He has so much energy that he can work as hard as three men. （energy指精力） The successful carrying out of the work is due to his youth and energy. （energy指活力） The energy of the sun has been widely used now. （energy指能量） strength 为“力气,力量”发

8、挥的内在素质与体质, 也可指物理学上的强度。 All the passengers pushed the bus with all their strength, but it refused to move. （strength指力气） As the saying goes, Unity is strength, let us work hard together to overcome the difficulties. （strength指强度。） force 主要指外力, 是推动人或物朝所要求的方向运动或能产生明显效应的力量。 比较：strength意为“力量；力气”，指机体内部的的能

9、力，是依靠身体组织而存在的力。 Grandma is gradually getting back her strength after her illness. force主要指外力，是推动人或物朝所要求的方向运动或能产生明显效应的力量。 He did it with a great force. energy表示“能量；精力“，用于人时，指工作时唤出的精力或干劲。 He is a man full of energy and he can do as much work as three men do. force , power , energy , strengh , might 这组

10、同义词的含义都与“力”有关。 force所表示的“力”，是克服阻力或使物体运动所需要的力，或者说这种“力”是具有能力(power)的人或机械在工作时所显示的“力”(force)；一辆处于静止状态的完好的机车具有潜在的力(power)，当它拖着满载货物的列车飞跑时，它便显示了自己克服阻力所需要的“力”(force) Water streamed in torrents over its sides with such force that it set up a huge wave in the canal.水从盘的侧面溢出，其力量之大，致使运河翻起波澜。 When she came in wi

11、th the last coursea huge puddingshe tripped on the carpet and the pudding went flying through the air ,narrowly missed my aunt, and crashed on the dining table with considerable force.当她带着最后一盘菜一大盘布丁进来的时候，她在毯上绊了一跤，布丁飞了出去，险些儿碰到我姑母，并且甚为有力地摔碎在餐桌上。 power所表示的“力”包括“能力”或“动力”，这种“力”可以是固有的，也可以是获得的，可以是潜在的，也可以是施

12、展出来的；也可以是体力、脑力、精神的力量或机械力。在物理学中power指功率。在power的含义是“权力”或“职权”时，其同义词为 authority Experience teaches me that whatever a fellow-guest may have of power to instruct or to amuse when he is sitting in a chair, or standing on a hearth-rug, quickly leaves him when he takes one out for a walk.经验告诉我们，无论哪一个与我一同作客的

13、人， 当他坐在椅子里或站在炉前地毯上的时候，他可能具有教导或逗乐的精力；当他陪别人出去散步的时候，他的这种精力很快就不见了。 That all great art has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable.不可否认，一切伟大的艺术都具有使人有超尘脱俗的浮想的力量。 energy在物理学中是个重要术语，即“能”，包括动能和势能；在不作技术术语用时，它转化为功的“力” As they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons, lack

14、 of physical and mental energy, both of which are essential in turning out and throwing out and throwing away,and sentiment.当人到老年时，他们还会由于两个原因而积聚东西，其一为缺乏体力和脑力这两方面的精力在翻出无用的东西并把它们扔掉都是重要的；另一个原因是感情问题。 不管是power,force 还是strength,都离不开食物中的营养所提供的energy。用作技术术语时，strength的意思的“强度” Next came a horse, swimming brav

15、ely, but we were afraid that the strength of the current would prevent its landing anywhere before it became exhausted.接着过来一匹马，勇敢地游着，但是我们担心水流的力量使它上不了岸便精疲力尽了。 However, size and strength are not the only important things of this bridge.然而桥的尺寸和长度并非其唯一的重要方面。 might所表示的“力”指“超越凡人”的能力或力气，即神奇的力量；在用于表示通常的力量时，

16、它含有无法抵御的力量的意思 She was intended to play a leading role in the growing might of Sweden.当时打算让这艘船在瑞典的正在增长着的威力中起主导作用。 He is a man of great might.他是具有超凡力气的大力士。5. kind in kind ：in the same way;with something similarIf he responded positively,they would respond in kind. 如果他礼貌的回应（回答），他们将同样回答 kind of:rather;t

17、o some extent（在某种程度）It got kind of cosy.这儿变得有点舒适。She kind of smiled at me.她朝我微微笑了一下。（好像）【注意】kind of 作状语表示减弱语气 two(或three,four等)of a kind:the same or very similar （a =the same）She and her sister were two of a kind.她和她的妹妹一模一样birds of a feather（羽毛）一路货色 would you be kind enough to repeat what you said？您

18、能重复一下您的话吗？ =so kind as6. patient be patient with 容忍某人Enid was a good teacher.She was very patient with her pupils. be patient of 忍受某事/有. .可能He is patient of cold and hunger.他能忍饥挨冻。This sentence is patient of two interpretations.这句话可以有两种解释。7. popular 人 population人口large修饰 be popular with 受. .欢迎This a

19、rea is immensely popular with tourists. 这个地方非常受游客的喜爱。 enjoy popularity 饮誉，众望所归 Agency France Presse enjoy great popularity both at home and abroad.新法社在家里或者国外都十分好用。（法国新闻社）8. a number of 和a great deal of 在意思上相同，但用法不一样。 a number of 后面只能跟可数名词的复数形式 a great deal of 后面只能跟不可数名词。 例如：A number of accidents alw

20、ays occur on rainy days.雨天常常有许多事故发生。 A number of books are missing from the library.图书馆的一些书不见了。 I spent a great deal of my time on this work.我在这项工作上花了不少时间。 a great deal of 也可说成a good deal of。 例如：She spends a good deal of money on clothes every year. 她每年在衣服上花了不少钱。 除了 a number of 之外，也可以用a large/good n

21、umber of 或(large) numbers of 来表示数量众多，意思为“大量的，众多的” 例如：Numbers of people came from all parts of the country to see the exhibition.许多人从国内来参观这个展览。 【注意】若用the number of ，后面仍需用名词复数，但谓语动词则应用单数。因为这时表示的是数字，而非数量。 例如：The number of books missing from the library is very large.图书馆遗失的图书数量很大。9. serious 形容词含义：严重的： H

22、er daughter was mute after a serious illness.她的女儿在一场重病之后失去了说话的能力。 The company is in serous financial difficulties.这家公司陷入严重的财政困难。认真的，真诚的 Buying a house is a serious matter.买房是一件需要认真考虑的事情严肃的，庄重的 I want to have a serious talk with you.我想要和你郑重其事地谈一谈。 You look very serious today,is anything wrong？你今天看上去挺

23、严肃的，有什么事吗？ 固定用法：You cant be serious.你不会是认真的吧。10. shy 含义：害羞，害怕，缺乏，动词：躲避 例句：The boy is shy of strangers.这小孩怕陌生人。 She is shy of speaking in public.她怯于在公众面前讲话。 Were still ten men shy of a full class.我们还差十个人才能凑成一个班。 Dont shy away from saying what you think.不要害怕把你的想法说出来。 Once bitten, twice shy.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳

24、。11. strict精确的； 绝对的； 严格的，严谨的 词组：be strict with sb in sth 同源词：string线，细绳 strain拉紧，拉力 restrict 限制 近义词：firm 坚定地 harsh 严厉，恶劣 反义词：flexible 弹性12. agree agree with 不一定加人，也可以加事或者从句 I couldnt agree with you more about the need to hire （雇佣）extra staff.在需要雇佣额外员工的问题上，我与你意见不一致。 Im not sure I agree with abortion.

25、我不能确定我赞成堕胎。 Your body language does not agree with what you are saying.你的肢体语言与你所说的不一致。 Shes eaten something which did not agree with her.她吃了不相宜的食物。【注意】 sth doesnt agree with sb 某人不喜欢 或 不适应 agree to 同意计划，安排 I agree to pay my share.我同意付我一份 He agreed to my proposal. 【注意】agree to do,绝对 不用agree sb to do.

26、 agree on 意见一致，协议 ，point,price,date,address 等双方协定的内容。 Are we all agreed on this?在这一点上我们的意见都一致吗？（被动） We must just agree to disagree on this point.在这一点上，我们只能同意各自保留不同的意见。 agree with和agree to表示“同意”时，主要区别如下： agree with后面既可加sb，也可加sth做宾语，但是agree to只能加sth做宾语agree with sb的意思其实还是“同意某人（的观点、看法、意见等）”。 agree with

27、还有另外一个特殊含义，即“（天气、食物、口味或条件等）适合.”，而agree to无此含义。 如果都表示“同意观点、看法、建议等”时，两者的确不会有太大的区别。至多只能说agree with是强调主语发自内心的“同意”，而agree to更多强调客观情况。但是这种区别是不会做考试要求的。13. impression 含义: 感觉：I had the distinct impression that I was being followed.我清楚地感觉到有人跟踪我。 印象：She made a good impression on his mother.她给他母亲留下了很好的印象。 He wa

28、s under the impression that they had become friends.他依稀觉得（错误的认为）他们已经成为朋友。 动词： He impressed me favorably.他给我的印象不错。 I was impressed by/at/with her performance.我记住了她的表演。（被动） My father impressed on me the value of hard work.我的父亲让我记住努力工作的价值。 leave a impression on 给某人留下印象14.avoid avoid doing Try to avoid

29、accidents.尽量防止事故 He avoided answering my questions.他避而不答我的问题区分avoid/escape avoid 强调“有意识地躲避不愉快或可能发生危险的事物或情况。 I cannot avoid meeting her.我怎么也避不开她。 escape 指”脱离或避开即将来临或近在眼前的伤害、危险、灾祸等事物。（遭遇了但躲避了） Escape death 脱离死亡15. progress 名词：不可数，进步，进展 We are making progress towards equal rights.我们在争取平等权利方面取得进步。 A mee

30、ting was in progress.一场会议正在进行。 动词，考与它搭配的副词 The work is progressing steadily/smoothly.工作正在扎实地/顺利地进行。16.dare 同need 用法 肯定句中多用作实意动词：dare( to )do/need to do 【注意】dare to do 中 to 可以省略 否定和疑问句中多用作情态动词：dare not do/neednt do;也可以说dont dare to do/dont need to do 区分实意动词与情态动词 He dare go.(情) He dares go.（实） He dare

31、s to go.（实） He dare to go.（情） He dares to go,doesnt he?dare-daredI dare say.我敢说，想必作实意动词的用法： dare sth 敢于面对. .敢于挑战. . dare sb to do sth. 向. .发出挑战17. 考试中省略句 回答从to 后面（从do不写）省略。Yes,I like to.Yes,I can 遇到完成时从done 开始省略Can he home left?他离开家了吗？Yes,he must have.(done) 当动词为be 动词时保留。No,but I used to (play).No,b

32、ut I used to be.18. immediately 同义：immediately=directly=instantly=the moment=the minute=the instant=as soon as19. appreciate 两个含义欣赏，喜欢，理解 感谢 三个用法appreciate sth 及物 appreciate doing Id appreciate it 我请求/感谢 它20. Admit 承认 用法admit sth admit doing admit that be admitted to/into 录取/被允许进入，用被动21. 现在完成时22. fa

33、ll asleep 类似于fall asleep这样表示状态转换的词不用于进行时 fall作系动词的常见搭配 Suddenly he fell ill and ran a high fever.他突然病倒发起高烧 He fell prey to her charms.他被她的美色迷倒。23. . .waves his hands about . . about 这里相当于 around24. fun可以作形容词，但在感叹句中，通常 What fun it is to play football.（只用what）25. this is true of. ./the same is true of

34、/go for适用于 What he said about you goes for me too.他关于你的一席话对我也适用。26. Consider 固定结构： consider A as B consider A to be B 把. .看成/当成. . consider A B consider me as a hero to be consider doing 考虑做某事 = consider sb to do considering 【介词】 就. .而论，照. .来看，考虑到 Considering his age,the little boy reads very well.

35、名词短语：in consideration of=in view of=on account of 考虑到，由于 We should turn back in consideration of the worsening weather.考虑到正在恶化的天气而返回。 名词短语：take. .into consideration 把. .考虑进去27. but teachers can haven big problems with discipline. can 表示有时会，高考考查重点 28. both. .and. . Both my parents dont like you.29. similarly He was late and I similarly was delayed.他迟到了，我也晚了。30. Have you got that? Yes,I got it.31. Thats settled.就这么定了32. a couple of 既可以表示两个，也可以表示几个。33. its up to you. 考点：its up to you.由你决定 What are you up to these days？你最近都在做些什么？ I dont think she is up to the job.我认为她不能胜任这些工作。